英国IGCSE剑桥初中剑桥高中考试数学专业词汇中英文对照

英国IGCSE剑桥初中剑桥高中考试数学专业词汇中英文对照在备战英国IGCSE（剑桥初中）及后续A-Level（剑桥高中）数学考试的过程中，精准理解和运用专业词汇是构建数学思维、确保解题准确的基石。数学语言的严谨性要求我们对每一个术语的含义都有清晰的把握。本文旨在整理一份核心的数学专业词汇中英文对照表，涵盖数与代数、几何与测量、统计与概率等主要模块，希望能为同学们的复习提供切实的帮助。一、数与代数(NumbersandAlgebra)1.1数的类型(TypesofNumbers)*NaturalNumber-自然数*Integer-整数*PositiveNumber-正数*NegativeNumber-负数*RationalNumber-有理数*IrrationalNumber-无理数*RealNumber-实数*PrimeNumber-质数(Anumbergreaterthan1thathasnopositivedivisorsotherthan1anditself)*Reciprocal-倒数(Themultiplicativeinverseofanumber)*AbsoluteValue-绝对值1.2运算(Operations)*Addition-加法*Subtraction-减法*Multiplication-乘法*Division-除法*Sum-和*Difference-差*Product-积*Quotient-商*Power/Exponent-幂/指数*Base-底数*Square-平方*Cube-立方*SquareRoot-平方根*CubeRoot-立方根*Logarithm-对数1.3代数基础(AlgebraBasics)*Variable-变量*Constant-常数*Term-项*Expression-表达式*Equation-方程*Inequality-不等式*Formula-公式*Identity-恒等式(Anequationthatistrueforallvaluesofthevariable)*Coefficient-系数*LikeTerms-同类项*Simplify-化简*Expand-展开(Toremovebrackets)*Factorise-因式分解(Toexpressasaproductoffactors)1.4方程与不等式(EquationsandInequalities)*LinearEquation-线性方程*QuadraticEquation-二次方程*Solution/Root-解/根*SimultaneousEquations-联立方程*Solve-求解*LinearInequality-线性不等式*SolutionSet-解集1.5函数(Functions)*Function-函数(Arelationwhereeachinputhasexactlyoneoutput)*LinearFunction-线性函数*QuadraticFunction-二次函数*CubicFunction-三次函数*ExponentialFunction-指数函数*Graph-图像*Plot-绘制(Tomarkpointsonagraph)*Intercept-截距(Whereagraphcrossesanaxis)*Gradient/Slope-斜率*Parallel-平行的*Perpendicular-垂直的二、几何与测量(GeometryandMeasurement)2.1基本几何图形(BasicGeometricFigures)*Point-点*Line-线*Curve-曲线*LineSegment-线段*Ray-射线*Angle-角*Vertex-顶点*Triangle-三角形*Quadrilateral-四边形*Polygon-多边形*Circle-圆*Arc-弧*Chord-弦*Radius-半径*Diameter-直径*Circumference-周长(Ofacircle)*Sector-扇形*Segment-弦切角/弓形(Apartofacircleboundedbyachordandanarc)2.2角的类型(TypesofAngles)*AcuteAngle-锐角(Lessthan90degrees)*RightAngle-直角(Exactly90degrees)*ObtuseAngle-钝角(Greaterthan90butlessthan180degrees)*ReflexAngle-优角/反角(Greaterthan180butlessthan360degrees)*SupplementaryAngles-补角(Twoanglesthataddupto180degrees)*CorrespondingAngles-同位角*AlternateAngles-内错角*InteriorAngles-内角*ExteriorAngles-外角2.3三角形(Triangles)*EquilateralTriangle-等边三角形*IsoscelesTriangle-等腰三角形*ScaleneTriangle-不等边三角形*Right-AngledTriangle-直角三角形*Hypotenuse-斜边(Thelongestsideofaright-angledtriangle)*Leg-直角边(Eitherofthetwoshortersidesofaright-angledtriangle)*PythagoreanTheorem-勾股定理2.4四边形及其他多边形(QuadrilateralsandOtherPolygons)*Square-正方形*Rectangle-长方形/矩形*Parallelogram-平行四边形*Rhombus-菱形*Kite-风筝形*Pentagon-五边形*Hexagon-六边形*Heptagon-七边形*Octagon-八边形*RegularPolygon-正多边形(Allsidesandanglesequal)*IrregularPolygon-不规则多边形2.5坐标几何(CoordinateGeometry)*CoordinatePlane/Grid-坐标平面/网格*x-axis-x轴*y-axis-y轴*Origin-原点*Coordinates-坐标*Midpoint-中点*Distance-距离2.6测量(Measurement)*Length-长度*Width-宽度*Height-高度*Depth-深度*Area-面积*Perimeter-周长(Ofapolygon)*Volume-体积*SurfaceArea-表面积*Mass/Weight-质量/重量*Capacity-容量*Time-时间*Unit-单位*MetricSystem-公制*Convert-转换(Tochangefromoneunittoanother)2.7三维图形(3DShapes)*Cube-立方体*Cuboid/RectangularPrism-长方体*Sphere-球体*Cylinder-圆柱体*Cone-圆锥体*Pyramid-棱锥体*Prism-棱柱体*Face-面*Edge-棱*Vertex(Vertices)-顶点三、统计与概率(StatisticsandProbability)3.1数据(Data)*Data-数据(Factsorfigurescollectedforanalysis)*RawData-原始数据*ContinuousData-连续数据(Datathatcantakeanyvaluewithinarange)*CategoricalData-分类数据*Frequency-频数(Howoftensomethingoccurs)*FrequencyTable-频数表*TallyChart-tally表/记数表3.2数据表示(DataRepresentation)*BarChart/Graph-条形图*Histogram-直方图(Forcontinuousdata)*PieChart-饼图*LineGraph-折线图*ScatterDiagram/Plot-散点图*FrequencyPolygon-频数多边形*CumulativeFrequency-累积频数*CumulativeFrequencyCurve/Ogive-累积频数曲线3.3集中趋势与离散程度(MeasuresofCentralTendencyandDispersion)*Mean-平均数(Average)*Median-中位数(Middlevaluewhendataisordered)*Mode-众数(Mostfrequentlyoccurringvalue)*Range-极差(Differencebetweenhighestandlowestvalues)*Quartile-四分位数*InterquartileRange(IQR)-四分位距3.4概率(Probability)*Probability-概率(Thechanceofaneventhappening)*Event-事件*Random-随机的*Likely-可能的*Unlikely-不可能的*Impossible-不可能的*EquallyLikely-等可能的*ExperimentalProb