高中英语阅读理解c篇专项训练全国适用（含答案解析）

专题04阅读理解——普通说明文（阅读C篇）目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u模拟·基础演练 1重难·创新演练 7真题·实战演练 13模拟·基础演练考查重点：说明文中的细节理解，推理判断，作者的观点和态度，写作目的，写作手法，推测文章走势，主旨大意说明文专项训练1.考查预测文章走势1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测）Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsomeurbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduringtheday—and22degreesFahrenheithotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subwaytunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurroundingearth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontractenoughtocausepotentialdamage.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysthestudy’sauthorAlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard”tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground—especiallythosenearwater—RottaLoriasays.“Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize,”headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlongperiodsoftime.“Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,”RottaLoriasays,addingthatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate(逐渐消失)ontheirown.Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands”?A．TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates. B．Theycandamagethegroundaround.C．Theycandevelopundergroundstructures. D．Theyhavenoimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.2．WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard”inparagraph3?A．Todiscussstructuralissues. B．Tocategorizeclimatechange.C．Toexplainundergroundheat. D．Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.3．Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Thecostofmaintainingstructures. B．Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.C．Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy. D．Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．UrbanSilentIslandsintheMaking B．ASilverLiningofGlobalWarmingC．ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago D．WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurface【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．D【解析】文章主要讲述城市地下累积热量引发地面形变、威胁市政设施，同时这种余热具备回收利用的价值。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontractenoughtocausepotentialdamage.(这种温度变化会让周边土壤发生胀缩，进而产生潜在的破坏作用。)”可知，城市热岛会对周边地层造成损坏。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard”tocivilinfrastructure...Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize.(发表在《通信工程》期刊上的这些研究结果揭示了一项针对民用基础设施的“无声隐患”……地下气候变化早已引发建筑结构问题，我们却一直没有察觉)”可知，作者提出“无声隐患”，是为了强调该地下升温带来的危害长期被人们忽视的客观事实。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.(受访的其他研究人员表示这些废弃热量可以被回收利用，既能降低地下温度又能节约能耗，可改造地铁、地下室设施来回收热量)”推测，下一段最有可能具体介绍热能回收的方式方法。4．主旨大意题。文章先介绍城市热岛不仅存在于地表，地下也会形成高温区域；再说明地下热量造成土体胀缩、损毁建筑设施，是被人们忽视的隐患；最后提出地下余热能够回收再利用。D选项“地下升温，地表受损”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。2.（2026·河南濮阳市第一高级中学检测）Artificialintelligence(AI)isshowingpromiseinearthquakeprediction,challengingthelong-heldbeliefthatitisimpossible.ResearchersattheUniversityofTexashavedevelopedanAIalgorithm(算法)thatcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekinadvanceduringatrialinChinaandprovidedaccuratecalculationsforthepredictedearthquakes.Theresearchteambelievestheirmethodsucceededbecausetheystuckwitharelativelysimplemachinelearningapproach.TheAIwasprovidedwithasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics,andtheninstructedtotrainitselfusingafive-yeardatabaseofearthquakerecordings.Oncetrained,theAIprovideditspredictionbylisteningforsignsofupcomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundrumblings(隆隆声)intheEarth.ThisworkisclearlyamilestoneinresearchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction.“Youdon’tseeearthquakescoming,”explainsAlexandros,aseniorresearchscientistwholeadstheTexasSeismologicalNetworkProgram(TexNet).“It’samatteroflifeanddeath,andtheonlythingyoucancontrolishowpreparedyouare.Evenwiththe70%accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpreduceeconomicandhumanlossesandhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.”Whileitisunknownwhetherthesameapproachwillworkatotherlocations,theresearchersareconfidentthattheirAIalgorithmcouldproducemoreaccuratepredictionsifusedinareaswithreliableearthquaketrackingnetworks.Therefore,thenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethas300earthquakestationsandoversixyears’worthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationforthesepurposes.Eventually,theauthorshopetocombinethesystemwithphysics-basedmodels.Thiswaycouldproveespeciallyimportantwheredataispoororlacking.“Thatmaybealongwayoff,butmanyadvancessuchasthisone,takentogether,arewhatmovesscienceforward,”concludesScottTinker,thebureau’sdirector.1．HowdoestheAIforecastearthquakes?A．Byidentifyingdatafromthesatellites.B．ByanalyzingbackgroundsoundsintheEarth.C．BymodelingdatabasedonearthquakerecordingsD．BymonitoringchangesintheEarth’smagneticfield.2．WhatdoesAlexandrosintendtoshowinparagraph3?A．Thewaystoreducelossesinearthquakes.B．Theimportanceofpreparingforearthquakes.C．ThesignificanceofdevelopingtheAIprediction.D．ThelimitationofAIalgorithmsinearthquakeprediction.3．Whatdoesthefollow-upresearchfocuson?A．ConductingtestsinthelocationofTexas. B．BuildingmoreearthquakestationsinTexas.C．TraintheAIcalculationaccuracy. D．ApplyingtheAIapproachtootherfields.4．Whichwordscanbestdescribetheearthquake-predictingtechnology?A．Stablebutoutdated. B．Effectivebutcostly.C．Potentialandeconomical. D．Advancedandpromising.【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【解析】文章介绍了一款人工智能算法可提前一周预测七成地震，该技术意义重大，研究团队下一步将在得州开展试验，未来还计划结合物理模型完善这套预测系统。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oncetrained,theAIprovideditspredictionbylisteningforsignsofupcomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundrumblings(隆隆声)intheEarth.(完成训练后，这款人工智能通过在地底背景隆隆声中捕捉地震前兆来做出预测。)”可知，人工智能通过分析地球内部的背景声响预测地震。2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Evenwiththe70%accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpreduceeconomicandhumanlossesandhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.(即便准确率仅有七成，这也是一项重大成果，能够帮助减少经济损失和人员伤亡，还有潜力大幅提升全球的防震准备工作。)”可知，亚历山卓的这段话重在说明这套人工智能预测系统的重大价值与意义。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Therefore,thenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethas300earthquakestationsandoversixyears’worthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationforthesepurposes.(因此，下一步研究工作将在得克萨斯州测试这套人工智能，得州大学地震监测网络拥有300个地震监测站和六年多连续监测数据，是开展试验的理想地点。)”可知，后续研究重点是在得克萨斯地区开展测试。4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificialintelligence(AI)isshowingpromiseinearthquakeprediction,challengingthelong-heldbeliefthatitisimpossible.(人工智能在地震预测领域展现出良好前景，颠覆了长久以来人们认为地震无法预测的固有认知。)”以及第三段“ThisworkisclearlyamilestoneinresearchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction.(这项研究无疑是人工智能地震预测领域的里程碑。)”可知，amilestone代表技术先进，showpromise代表前景可观，因此这项预测技术先进且富有发展潜力。3.（2026·浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟）Whenpeople“chokeunderpressure,”it’softenattimeswhensuccesscouldresultinabigpayoff-maybethey’reanathleteatachampionshipmatchoranactorperformingforafamousdirector.Now,astudyinmonkeyshelpedrevealwhy.Thestudyinvolvedthreemonkeyscompletingtaskstogetareward-inthiscase,watertodrink.Thetaskwasatestofspeedandaccuracy,inwhichthemonkeysweretrainedtoreachforatargetonascreen.Themonkeyshadtowaitforacuetobeginreachingandthenholdthatpositionforatime.Thecolorofthecuecorrespondedwiththesizeoftheirpotentialrewardfordoingsoaccurately,fromsmalltobig.Themonkeysperformedtheirbestwhentheprizewasamediumtolargevolumeofwater.Butwhentheycouldwinanunusuallylargeprize,theyunderperformed,orchokedunderpressure.“Theyweretooslow,”saidfirststudyauthorAdamSmoulder.“Itwasasiftheywereworriedaboutmissingthetargetandfocusingsomuchonwhattheyweredoingthatthey’drunoutoftime.”Duringtheexperiment,thescientiststrackedtheactivityofthemonkeys’brainsandfoundtheseperformanceissuescausedbythepromiseofabigprizearosefromimpaired(受损的)motorpreparation.Motorpreparation,inwhichthebrainpreparestomakeamotion,likereachingwithahand,mainlytakesplaceinpartsofthebrainthathavean“optimal(最佳的)zone”.Thenewstudyshowsthatthesizeofarewarddetermineswhetherthebrainreachesthisoptimalzone.Thepresenceofarewardpushesthebraintowardthisoptimalplace,butwhentherewardgetstoolarge,itgoesbeyondit.Theresearchersnowhopetoexplorewhethertheycouldhelpbringaboutthese“optimal”brainpatternstohelpsomeoneperformattheirbest.“Wewouldlovetounderstandhowwecanmakepsychologicaltrainingalittlebitmoreformalandrepeatable,”Adamsaid.1．Howcouldthemonkeysknowthesizeofthereward?A．Byobservingthecolorofthecue.B．Bytouchingthescreentogetacue.C．Bylookingattheamountofwatergiven.D．Bymeasuringthetimeofholdingthetarget.2．Whydidthemonkeysperformpoorlyinthehigh-rewardsituation?A．Theyweretoocautioustotakeaction.B．Theyweretooexcitedtostayfocused.C．Theyweretooconfusedtomakechoices.D．Theyweretoostressedtoidentifythecolor.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?A．Thebrain. B．Thereward. C．Theoptimalzone. D．Thepreparedmotion.4．Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A．Confirmtheirresearchfindings. B．Exploredifferentbrainpatterns.C．Findwaystounlockpeople’spotential. D．Optimizepsychologicaltrainingmethods.【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．D【解析】本文主要介绍的是一项关于猴子在压力下发表现的研究，揭示了人们在高压下表现失常的神经机制。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thecolorofthecuecorrespondedwiththesizeoftheirpotentialrewardfordoingsoaccurately,fromsmalltobig.(提示的颜色与他们准确完成任务所获得的潜在奖励大小相对应，从小到大。)”可知，猴子通过观察提示的颜色来判断奖励的大小。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butwhentheycouldwinanunusuallylargeprize,theyunderperformed,orchokedunderpressure.(但是，当他们有机会赢得异常丰厚的奖品时，表现反而欠佳，或者说在压力下发挥失常。)”和第三段““Theyweretooslow,”saidfirststudyauthorAdamSmoulder.“Itwasasiftheywereworriedaboutmissingthetargetandfocusingsomuchonwhattheyweredoingthatthey’drunoutoftime.”(“它们太慢了，”研究的第一作者亚当·斯莫尔德说。“就好像它们担心错过目标，过于专注于自己正在做的事情，以至于时间耗尽了。”)”可知，猴子在高奖励情况下表现不佳是因为它们过于谨慎而不敢采取行动。3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Motorpreparation,inwhichthebrainpreparestomakeamotion,likereachingwithahand,mainlytakesplaceinpartsofthebrainthathavean“optimal(最佳的)zone”.Thenewstudyshowsthatthesizeofarewarddetermineswhetherthebrainreachesthisoptimalzone.Thepresenceofarewardpushesthebraintowardthisoptimalplace,butwhentherewardgetstoolarge,itgoesbeyondit.(运动准备，即大脑准备做出动作，如伸手，主要发生在大脑具有“最佳区域”的部分。新研究表明，奖励的大小决定了大脑是否达到这个最佳区域。奖励的存在将大脑推向这个最佳位置，但当奖励过大时，它就超越了it。)”可知，it指代的是前文提到的optimalzone。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchersnowhopetoexplorewhethertheycouldhelpbringaboutthese“optimal”brainpatternstohelpsomeoneperformattheirbest.“Wewouldlovetounderstandhowwecanmakepsychologicaltrainingalittlebitmoreformalandrepeatable,”Adamsaid.(研究人员现在希望探索他们是否能帮助产生这些“最佳”大脑模式，以帮助某人发挥最佳表现。“我们很想了解如何让心理训练更加正式和可重复，”亚当说。)”可知，研究人员接下来将优化心理训练方法。2.考查写作态度1.（2026·浙江省杭州高级中学检测）TheAgeofInformationismushrooming,perhapsevenbulging.Ifyoutriedtodownloadallthedataavailabletoday,you’dneedmorethan180millionyearstodoso.Butyouarewrongtoassumethatallthisinformationwouldstimulateaboostofinnovationtomatchtheoutputofdata.Indeed,thelasttimewefoundourselvesinaperiodofsignificantinnovation,wasmorethan120yearsago,intheAgeofInsight.Innovations,bothbigandsmall,oftenoccurasamomentofinsight,whichtypicallyinvolvesquietsignalsdeepinthebrain,justunderthesurfaceofawareness.Anythingthathelpsusnoticequietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenmeetings,simplifyinglearningapproachesoravoidingdigitaldistractions,canincreasethenumberofinsights.However,it’sbecomingmorechallengingtofindthosesignalswiththeballooninguseoftechnology,stuffingeverymomentwithanendlesssupplyofcontent.Besides,wealsowanttoincreasethequalityofthem—tobeabletosortthroughbignewideasandfindtheonesthathaverealvalue.Launchedin2015,theEurekaScale(尤里卡量表)allowsustoassessthestrengthofourinsightexperiencesonafive-pointscale,whichismarkedbyintenseemotions,motivation,memoryadvantage,aftershocks,andfollowingideas.TheScalecombinesthesefivevariablesintoasinglevalueandallowsustodefinetheimportanceofanewidea.Thelevel-5insight,involvingtherichestemotion,motivation,andlastingimpact,holdsthegreatestsignificance.Contributivetomeasuringandimprovingindividualandorganizationalperformance,theScalecanbeusedtomeasuretheimpactofdifferentkindsofworkenvironmentsandlearningapproachesonparticipants’growth.Fororganizationstobenefitfromanotherageofinsight,it’snotenoughtoaccessmoredataorincreasethenumberofinsightswegenerate.It’sindeedessentialtomakespaceforthebiggestideastoemergefromalltheinformation.UsingthesharedlanguageoftheEurekaScalewillenablebetterdecision-makingtowardpracticalandcompetitiveoutcomes.Andifwe’retoenteranewageofinsight,wemustdesignourenvironmentstoallowforthebestinsightpossibletosurface.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bulging”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Stabilizing. B．Exploding. C．Shifting. D．Collapsing.2．Accordingtothepassage,howcantheamountofinsightsbeincreased?A．Bymakingduepausesinyourworkschedule.B．Byconsumingboundlesssocialmediacontent.C．Byavoidingdistractingquietsignalsinyourbrain.D．Byadoptingadditionaltrainingandcoachingapproaches.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheEurekaScalecontrolstheinfluenceofourinsights.B．Possessingminimalemotionalresponsesisalevel-5insight.C．Boththequantityandqualityofinsightsareessentialtoinnovation.D．Abreakthroughhasbeenmadeininnovationduetoawealthofinformation.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecurrentenvironmentforinnovations?A．Uncertain. B．Optimistic. C．Tolerant. D．Dissatisfied.【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D【解析】本文主要讲述信息爆炸并未带来对等创新，介绍了顿悟产生的条件、尤里卡量表的作用以及打造适宜环境催生高质量顿悟的必要性。1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“TheAgeofInformationismushrooming,perhapsevenbulging.Ifyoutriedtodownloadallthedataavailabletoday,you’dneedmorethan180millionyearstodoso.(信息时代正在飞速激增，甚至呈现bulging。如果你想要下载如今所有可获取的数据，需要耗费1.8亿多年的时间。)”可知，信息时代正在飞速激增，所以bulging表示迅速增长，与Exploding（激增、爆发）同义。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Anythingthathelpsusnoticequietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenmeetings,simplifyinglearningapproachesoravoidingdigitaldistractions,canincreasethenumberofinsights.(任何能够帮助我们捕捉大脑安静信号的事情，例如会议间隙休息、简化学习方式、远离电子干扰，都能够增加顿悟的产生次数。)”可知在工作安排中适当休息可以提升顿悟数量。3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Anythingthathelpsusnoticequietsignals,suchastakingbreaksbetweenmeetings,simplifyinglearningapproachesoravoidingdigitaldistractions,canincreasethenumberofinsights.(任何能够帮助我们捕捉大脑安静信号的事情，例如会议间隙休息、简化学习方式、远离电子干扰，都能够增加顿悟的产生次数。)”可知，第二段讲述如何提升顿悟数量，以及根据第三段“Besides,wealsowanttoincreasethequalityofthem(除此之外，我们还希望提升这些顿悟想法的质量)”说明我们同样需要提升顿悟质量，二者缺一不可，对创新而言都十分关键。4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Butyouarewrongtoassumethatallthisinformationwouldstimulateaboostofinnovationtomatchtheoutputofdata.Indeed,thelasttimewefoundourselvesinaperiodofsignificantinnovation,wasmorethan120yearsago(但如果你认为海量信息能够催生与数据产出量相匹配的创新增幅，那这种想法便是错误的。事实上，人类上一次迎来大规模创新爆发期，已是一百二十多年前的事了)”以及第二段“However,it’sbecomingmorechallengingtofindthosesignalswiththeballooninguseoftechnology,stuffingeverymomentwithanendlesssupplyofcontent.(然而，随着科技应用飞速泛滥，源源不断的资讯内容挤占了我们所有时间，想要捕捉到这些大脑的信号已然愈发困难)”可知，作者表明海量信息并未催生对应创新，科技泛滥的当下很难产生顿悟，可见作者对当下的创新环境是不满的。2.（2026·湖北十堰市郧阳中学月考）Deepbeneaththeforestfloor,asilentconversationistakingplace,hiddenfromthehumaneye.Whiletreesmayseemlikeisolatedindividualscompetingforsunlight,recentscientificresearchconfirmstheyareactuallyconnectedthroughacomplexundergroundnetworkoffungi(真菌).Thisbiologicalinfrastructure,oftennicknamedthe“WoodWideWeb,”allowstreestosharevitalnutrientsand,moresurprisingly,warneachotherofupcomingenvironmentalthreats.EcologistDr.ElenaRosehasspentdecadesstudyinghowolder,largertrees—oftenreferredtoas“MotherTrees”—actascentreforthisnetwork.Thesemagnificentelderspossessthemostextensiverootsystems,whichallowthemtoconnecttohundredsofyoungertrees.Throughthesefungallinks,MotherTreescanidentifytheirownfamilyandprovidethemwithalittleextrasugarornitrogentoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivalintheshadedunderstory.However,theirrolegoesfarbeyondsimplefeeding.WhenaMotherTreeisinjuredorunderattackbyhungrypests,shesendsrapidchemicalsignalsthroughthefungalnetworktoherneighbors.Inresponse,thesurroundingtreesimmediatelyincreasetheirproductionofdefensivechemicals,effectivelypreparingthemselvesforabattletheyhaven’tyetseen.Thiscollectivedefensemechanismsuggeststhataforestfunctionsmorelikeasingle,intelligentorganismthanamerecollectionofwood.Unfortunately,thisancientcommunicationsystemisbeingdisruptedbyhumanactivity.Modernloggingpracticesoftenprioritizetheremovaloftheselarge,oldertreesfortheirhigh-qualitywood,unawareofthedestructiveimpactontheforest’scollectivesurvival.WhenaMotherTreeiscutdown,theyoungertreesareleft“disconnected,”becomingsignificantlymoreunprotectedtodiseaseandsuddenenvironmentalstress.It’slikeacitylosingitsmainpowerstation;withoutthecentre,theentiregridsuffers.Recognizingtheimportanceofthesenetworksisshiftingthefocusofglobalconservationefforts.Insteadofsimplyplantingmillionsofnewtrees—apracticethatoftenresultsinlowsurvivalrates—environmentalistsarenowadvocatingfortheprotectionofestablishedforestecosystems.“Aforestisacooperativesocietybuiltontrustandcommunication,”Dr.Roseexplains.“Itwewanttosavethelungsofourplanet,wemustprotecttheelderswhoholdtheentirecommunitytogether.”1．Howdo“MotherTrees”helpyoungertreesaccordingtothetext?A．Byprovidingthemwithshadefromthesun.B．Bytransmittingwarningsignalsaboutthreats.C．Byblockingpestsfromreachingthesaplings.D．Bycompetingformoresunlightandspace.2．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthecollectivedefensemechanismofforests?A．Doubtful B．Unconcerned C．Admiring D．Disappointed3．Whatcanweinferaboutmodernloggingpracticesfromparagraph4?A．Theyfocusonplantingmoreyoungsaplings.B．Theyhelpstrengthentheundergroundfungalnetwork.C．Theymayunintentionallyweakentheforest’shealth.D．Theyarebecomingmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.4．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribethedifferentspeciesoffungiinforests.B．Tocomplainabouttheslowgrowthofyoungtrees.C．Toencouragetheuseofwoodinmodernconstruction.D．Toemphasizethevalueoftreenetworksinconservation.【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．D【解析】主要介绍森林地下真菌网络“树木万维网”，母树的作用、人类砍伐对森林的破坏及森林保护新思路。1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WhenaMotherTreeisinjuredorunderattackbyhungrypests,shesendsrapidchemicalsignalsthroughthefungalnetworktoherneighbors.Inresponse,thesurroundingtreesimmediatelyincreasetheirproductionofdefensivechemicals.(当一棵母树遭受损伤，或是遭到饥食害虫侵袭时，它会通过地下真菌网络向邻近树木快速传递化学信号。周边树木收到信号后，会立刻大量合成防御性化学物质以自保。)”可知母树会向幼树传递危险预警信号。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thiscollectivedefensemechanismsuggeststhataforestfunctionsmorelikeasingle,intelligentorganismthanamerecollectionofwood.(这种集体防御机制表明，森林更像一个完整、聪慧的生命体，而非一堆孤立树木。)”作者用intelligentorganism这类褒义表述形容森林协同防御体系，可见作者对此持赞赏态度。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Modernloggingpracticesoftenprioritizetheremovaloftheselarge,oldertreesfortheirhigh-qualitywood,unawareofthedestructiveimpactontheforest’scollectivesurvival.WhenaMotherTreeiscutdown,theyoungertreesareleft“disconnected,”becomingsignificantlymoreunprotectedtodiseaseandsuddenenvironmentalstress.(现代伐木作业往往优先砍伐这类高大老树，只为获取优质木材，却并未意识到此举会对整片森林的整体生存造成毁灭性影响。一旦母树被砍伐，幼树便会失去互联依托，抵御病害与突发环境胁迫的能力大幅下降。)”可推出现代伐木会在无意间损害森林健康。4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Recognizingtheimportanceofthesenetworksisshiftingthefocusofglobalconservationefforts.Insteadofsimplyplantingmillionsofnewtrees—apracticethatoftenresultsinlowsurvivalrates—environmentalistsarenowadvocatingfortheprotectionofestablishedforestecosystems.“Aforestisacooperativesocietybuiltontrustandcommunication,”Dr.Roseexplains.“Itwewanttosavethelungsofourplanet,wemustprotecttheelderswhoholdtheentirecommunitytogether.”.(人们逐渐意识到这类地下菌丝网络的重要性，全球生态保护工作的重心也随之发生转变。过去环保人士只是一味大规模栽种新树苗，这种造林方式往往树苗存活率极低；如今他们转而倡导保护成熟完整的森林生态系统。罗斯博士解释道：“森林是一个依靠信息互通、彼此依存建立起来的共生社群。倘若我们想要守护这颗星球的肺，就必须守护维系整个森林群落的老树。”)”，全文围绕树木地下互联网络展开，目的是强调该网络对森林保护的重要价值。3.考查主旨大意1.（2026·广东省佛山市荣山中学月考）Newerarequiresanewvocabulary.Willwestilltalkaboutthe“mobile”phonewhenallphonesaremobile,orwhentheyareimplantedwithinus?Technologyiseverywherenowadays,especiallyatwork.Somepeoplearereallygoodatusingallthecoolnewtoolsthatkeeppoppingup.TheyhavesomethingcalledaTQ,ortechnologyquotient.Thinkofitlikeasuperpowerforunderstandingthelatesttechstuffthatourgreat-grandparentswouldhavefoundreallyimpossible.HavingahighTQmeansyou’reawesomeatusingallthecoolnewthingsthatnoteveryoneknowsaboutyet.Theexamplesarecommonandbecomingmoreandmorefrequent.Fortheparentitmightbeahome-schoolvideoclass.Forthebrandmanageritmightbesearchengineboosting.Andfortheclinician,itmightbetheroleofartificialintelligenceinsupportingtheanalysisofaCTscan.TQattemptstoquantifyourabilitytomakesensibleuseofcurrenttechnologiesandtoquicklyadapt,embraceandcapitalizeonfuturecreations.Thisadoptioniscriticalfromavarietyofperspectives,fromsocialtobusiness.OnetripintotheworldofChatGPTandwecanseehowthedynamicsofAIandsearcharechangingforjustabouteveryone.AnyMomorDadcanunderstandthevalueofIQandEQinprojectingthepotentialforachild’ssuccess.Butwhatabouttechnology?Theabilityforthechildandtheteachertounderstand,embraceandassimilatetechnologywillbeadefiningaspectoftheirlivesaswespeedintothefuture.WeareincreasinglydefinedbytechnologyandouractiveparticipationineverythingfromsmartphonestoFacebook.Itmightjustbetimeforthebasichumanneedsoffood,waterandsheltertoincorporatetechnologytoo.Andwhenthathappens,itjustmightbeagoodideatomeasureit.Whilethisshiftbringschallenges,it’sunstoppable.AsTQrises,itwillcombinewithIQandEQ,reshapinghowwelive,work,andlearn—turningadaptabilitywithtechintoameasurableedge.1．WhatisTQaccordingtothetext?A．Abilitytoapplynewtechnologies. B．Skilloffixinghigh-techproducts.C．Talenttofollowmodernchanges. D．Speedoflearningnewlanguages.2．WhichofthefollowingpeoplehasahighTQ?A．Amanagerwhooftenusesmodernsearchengines.B．AdoctorwhoanalyzesCTscanswithAIassistance.C．Agrandparentwhofindsnewtechdevicesawkward.D．Amomwhowatchesvideosofherchild’sschoollife.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“assimilate”inthefourthparagraphmean?A．Relyon. B．Takein. C．Benefitfrom. D．Learnabout.4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhyAreIQandEQImportantforTQ?B．HowHasTQChangedintheModernEra?C．WhatMakesTQtheNewIntelligence?D．WheretoStartAdaptingtoTQChanges?【答案】1．A2．B3．B4．C【解析】本文主要介绍了科技商数（TQ）的概念、现实应用场景，阐述了在科技无处不在的新时代，TQ正逐步和IQ、EQ结合，成为影响人们生活、工作与学习的重要能力指标。1．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Thinkofitlikeasuperpowerforunderstandingthelatesttechstuffthatourgreat-grandparentswouldhavefoundreallyimpossible.HavingahighTQmeansyou’reawesomeatusingallthecoolnewthingsthatnoteveryoneknowsaboutyet.(想象一下，这就像一种超能力，能让你轻松理解那些曾被我们的曾祖父母觉得根本不可能实现的最新科技。拥有高TQ意味着你特别擅长使用那些尚未为大众所知的酷炫新事物。)”以及第三段内容“TQattemptstoquantifyourabilitytomakesensibleuseofcurrenttechnologiesandtoquicklyadapt,embraceandcapitalizeonfuturecreations.(科技商数（TQ）旨在量化我们合理运用现有技术，以及快速适应、接纳并利用未来创新成果的能力。)”可知，拥有TQ的人能轻松理解并擅长使用新事物，这样的人能快速适应，接纳并利用未来创新成果，即TQ指的是运用新技术的能力。2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Andfortheclinician,itmightbetheroleofartificialintelligenceinsupportingtheanalysisofaCTscan.(对于临床工作者而言，它可能是人工智能辅助CT扫描分析的相关应用。)”可知，借助人工智能辅助分析CT扫描的医生符合高TQ的特征。3．词义猜测题。根据第四段内容画线单词所在句“Theabilityforthechildandtheteachertounderstand,embraceandassimilatetechnologywillbeadefiningaspectoftheirlivesaswespeedintothefuture.(随着我们快速走向未来，孩子和老师理解、接纳并assimilate技术的能力将是他们生活的一个决定性方面。)”可知，“understand(理解)”“embrace(接纳)”与“assimilate”为并列关系；结合语境和常识可推知，对于新技术的学习和使用过程应是“理解→接纳→吸收、内化运用”；故猜测“assimilate”应表示“吸收、掌握”，选项B“takein”有“吸收、理解”之意，与之意思相近。4．主旨大意题。文章第二段内容“Somepeoplearereallygoodatusingallthecoolnewtoolsthatkeeppoppingup.TheyhavesomethingcalledaTQ,ortechnologyquotient.(有些人特别擅长使用各种层出不穷的酷炫新工具，他们有一种叫做“技术智商”（TQ）的能力。)”提出了文章的核心话题“技术商数（TQ）”，同时通过阅读文章内容可知，文章围绕TQ的定义、现实价值展开，介绍了TQ作为和I