宁夏回族银川一中2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

宁夏回族银川一中2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3．考试结束后，交回答题卡。一、听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.WhatwillTomdotoday?A.Goswimming.B.Showhisfriendaround.C.Visitanartmuseumalone.2.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutJenny’sbaseballgamenextweek?A.It’llbeeasy.B.It’llbehard.C.It’llbeboring.3.WhatisMs.Miller’ssuggestion?A.Removingrepeatedparts.B.Addingmoremainpoints.C.Improvinghislanguageuse.4.WhatisMolly’sjob?A.Cleaner.B.Visitor.C.Painter.5.WhydidthemansendmessagestoTara?A.Toshareamessageapp.B.Totellheraboutadanceclass.C.Toinvitehertohisneighborhood.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Astorybook.B.Anovel.C.Amagazine.7.Whatkindoffooddoesthemanlike?A.Pancakes.B.Noodles.C.Pizzas.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatsubjectdidCraigfailin?A.English.B.Science.C.Math.9.WhydidCraigfailtopassthetest?A.Thetestwastoohard.B.Hedidn’tprepareforit.C.Hewasillduringthetest.10.WherewillCraiggoaftertalkingtotheteacher?A.Thelibrary.B.Hishome.C.Theclassroom.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestherunstart?A.Fromthecafé.B.Fromthelake.C.Fromthelibrary.12.Howdoesthemanenterfortherun?A.Makeacall.B.Visitthewebsite.C.Askvolunteers.13.WhichvolunteerrolefitsSarahbest?A.Camerawoman.B.Guide.C.Reporter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdidthemanlikemost?A.Abigchair.B.Anoldtrain.C.Aspecialbike.15.Whatcanweinferaboutthebigchair?A.It’scommon.B.It’sbeautiful.C.It’sprecious.16.Whatmaythewomanlikeaboutthemuseum?A.Paintingsandshows.B.Sportsandgames.C.Musicandfilms.17.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Tourguideandtourist.C.Brotherandsister.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhendidDaviddiscoverthefire?A.Whilerunningoutside.B.Whilerestingathome.C.WhilevisitingtheLloyds.19.WhodidDavidrescuefromtheburninghouse?A.Hisformercolleague.B.ThreepeopleandadogC.TwomembersoftheLloydfamily.20.Whatisthepurposeofthisspeech?A.Tointroduceanewfirefighter.B.Toexplainafirerescueprocess.C.Tohonorabravecommunitymember.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACompositionofE-WasteNowadays,e-wasteisoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingwastestreams.Wasteelectronicscontainharmfulsubstanceslikeleadandmercury,posingseriousenvironmentalandhealthrisks.However,e-wastealsorepresentsavaluable“urbanmine”.Itholdsanestimated31milliontonnesofmetals,17milliontonnesofplastics,and14milliontonnesofglass.Onetonneofcircuitboardscancontainupto800timesmoregoldthanatonneofgold-bearingrocks.Despitethis,lessthan1%ofrareearthelementsarerecycled.Recyclede-wasteisavaluableresourceforsustainablemanufacturing(制造业).Itsmetals,e.g.goldandcopper,arereusedinelectronics,vehicles,andrenewableenergysystems.Recoveredplasticsfindnewlifeindurableproducts,whileglassisprocessedintobuildingmaterials.Thiscircular(循环的)approachcutsenergyuse,reducesminingdemand,andtransformswasteintoindustrialresources,supportingboththeeconomyandtheenvironment.Thee-wastemanagementmarketisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2027.While81countrieshaveadoptedExtendedProducerResponsibilitylaws,collectionratesstillfallbehindpolicygoals.Toimproverecycling,governmentsshouldstrengthenEPRlaws,andinvestinfacilities.Institutionscanpromoteresearchandpublicawareness.Individualsshouldproperlydropoffe-wasteatcollectionpoints,fixitemsratherthanthrowthemaway,andsupportbrandswithstrongenvironmentalcommitments.1.Whatpercentagedoscreensandcablesaccountforinalle-wastecompositions?A.12%. B.14%. C.17%. D.60%.2.Whatisakeyadvantageofe-wastecomparedtonaturalmines?A.Itcontainsagreatervarietyofrareelements.B.Itprovidesmorerecoverablenon-metals.C.Itcanbericherinpreciousmetals.D.Itworksbetterasbuildingmaterials.3.Whatissuggestedforindividualstohelprecyclee-waste?A.Investinformalrecyclingfacilities.B.Launchpublicawarenesscampaigns.C.Setclearpersonaltake-backplans.D.Chooserepairoverreplacement.BThroughoutourJunioryear,myclassmatesandIhavebeenworriedaboutwhatcollegeswillseewhentheylookatourwholelifestoryreducedtoasingle200-wordessay.Willthegoldenword“success”formintheirmindswhentheyreviewourachievements?Orwilltheyseethebigword“fail”inred?Theshadowofthismysterious(神秘的)institutionstealsawaywhatsuccessmeanstous.Myfirststepofredefiningsuccessbeganwithcourseregistrations.Itisawell-knownfact,especiallyinmyschool,thatJunioryearisthetimeofpackingmanyAPclassesintotheschedule.WhenaskedwhytheychosesomanyAPclasses,myfriendsresponded:“Idon’tknow.”Theythemselvesdon’tknowwhytheyarefollowingthecrowdandlongingforthepressuresofacademicdifficulty.Therefore,theydonotfeelthesatisfactionofbeingacademicallychallenged.CompletingmanycoursesnolongerbringsoutthefeelingofsuccessbecausemorethanfourAPclassesperyearisanormsetbytopuniversities.Determinedtofollowmyinstincts(本能)onwhatIfeltsuccessmeans,IonlychosetwoclassesthatIknewIwouldenjoy.ThefeelingofsuccesswasnolongerattachedtowhatgradeIreceivedbuttothepurejoyoflearning.Evenmyfailuresareattachedtoafeelingofsuccess;afterItakeastepbackandlookatthebigpicture,Iseethemasalaunchingpad(平台)formynextbigachievement.Intheninthgrade,Iwentinformyfirstgroupinterviewforaleadershippositionasashygirl.Notstandingachanceagainstcompetitiveapplicants,Icameoutoftheinterviewwithanupsetlook.Nevertheless,thisinterviewwasn’tawastedopportunity.Italkedtooneoftheseniorapplicantswhoansweredquestionsinawaythatreflectedthefaithshehadinherself.Thisyear,withanopenmindandnewknowledgeinmind,IwalkedintoanothergroupinterviewwhiletellingmyselfIwasthatcoolsenior.Imanagedtosecurealeadershipposition.Ultimately,successcamelittlebylittle.4.ThroughouttheJunioryear,whatwastheauthor’smajorconcern?A.PressurefromchoosingAPclasses. B.Performanceingroupinterviews.C.Competitionwithseniors. D.Recognitionbycolleges.5.TheauthorchosefewerAPclassesbecauseof_______.A.herownunderstandingofsuccess B.herdesireforacademicchallengesC.herstrongurgetofollowthecrowd D.herdreamofenteringatopuniversity6.Whichwouldbestdescribetheauthor’sfirstgroupinterview?A.Dignifying. B.Rewarding. C.Engaging. D.Relaxing.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Everyoneisthemakeroftheirownsuccess.B.Successfavoursthosewithagoldenheart.C.Successknocksatyourdooronlyonce.D.Acollegeholdsthekeytosuccess.CInitialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.Inourstudies,participantsintheUKtalkedwithsomeonetheyhadnevermetbefore.Afterward,theywereaskedhowmuchtheylikedtheirconversationpartnerandhowmuchtheybelievedthattheirconversationpartnerlikedthem.Thisallowedustocomparehowmuchpeoplebelievedtheywerelikedtohowmuchtheywereactuallyliked.Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“likinggap”.Thisbias(偏见)mayseemlikesomethingthatwouldoccuronlyininitialinteractions,butitseffectsextendfarbeyondafirstimpression.Surprisingly,thelikinggapcanconstantlyaffectavarietyofrelationships,includinginteractionswithcoworkers,longaftertheinitialconversationshavetakenplace.Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.8.Whydidtheauthorcarryout10yearsofresearch?A.Todismissnationalconcerns. B.Tocheckoutapotentialbias.C.Toenhancehumancommunication. D.Todevelopharmoniousrelationships.9.Whatisoneeffectofpeople’slikinggap?A.Fewerchancesofnewprojects. B.Underestimationoftheirability.C.Badrelationshipswithpeoplearound. D.Lowwillingnesstointeractwithothers.10.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Restateopinions. B.Deliverwarnings. C.Givesuggestions. D.Makeasummary.11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LikingGapMayInfluenceWorkPerformancesB.FirstImpressionsRelyOnInitialConversationsC.PeopleProbablyLikeYouMoreThanYouThinkD.HowPeopleLikeYouMattersLessThanYouAssumeDIntheearly2000s,DavidBaker,aprofessorattheUniversityofWashington,devotedhimselftothefieldofprotein(蛋白质)design.HedevelopedtheRosettasoftware,asignificantbreakthroughatthattime.However,accuratelypredictingproteinstructuresremainedahugechallenge.Thecomplexstructuresofproteins,determinedbyaminoacid(氨基酸)orders,heldnumeroussecretsthathadpuzzledscientistsfordecades,andunlockingthemwasthekeytounderstandinglifeatatinyparticlelevel.In2016,atDeepMind,DemisHassabisandJohnJumperdecidedtoaddressthisproblem.TheygatheredateamofbrilliantmindsandsetouttodevelopanAImodelforproteinstructureprediction.Theyanalyzedmassiveproteindata,studiedhowaminoacidsvaryacrosshomologous(同源的)proteinsofdifferentspecies,andintegratedevolutionaryinformationintothemodel.Afteryearsofeffortsandexperiments,theyfinallydevelopedtheAlphaFold2modelin2020.AlphaFold2wasrevolutionary.Itcouldpredictthestructuresofalmostallthe200millionknownproteinswithremarkableaccuracy.Scientistsaroundtheworldwereamazedbyitspowerastheworkwouldotherwisetakehumanbeingstensofthousandsofyearstofinish.WiththehelpofAlphaFold2,researcherscouldnowstudyantibioticresistance(抗药性)moredeeplyanddesignenzymes(酶)thatcouldbreakdownplastics.Byseeingtheexactstructureofproteinsinvolvedindefendingbacteria,forexample,drugdeveloperscouldcreatemedicinesthatoutwitbacteria’sresistancestrategies.Andwhenitcametoplastic-breakingenzymes,understandingtheirstructureenabledscientiststoworkattheiractivesitesformoreefficientbreakdown.In2024,theNobelCommitteeawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistrytoDavidBaker,DemisHassabisandJohnJumper.Theirworkhasnotonlyuncoveredproteinstructuresbutalsoopenedupnewhorizonsforthefieldsofmedicine,biotechnologyandmaterialsscience.12.WhatwasamajorchallengeinproteinsciencebeforeAlphaFold2?A.Determiningaminoacidordersofproteins.B.DesigningsoftwarelikeRosettaforproteinanalysis.C.Accuratelyfiguringouttheshapesofproteins.D.StudyingantibioticresistancewithAImodels.13.WhatmadeAlphaFold2differentfrompreviousapproaches?A.Itreliedonlyonexperimentaldatafromonespecies.B.Itusedevolutionaryinformationfromhomologousproteins.C.Itrequiredthousandsofyearstocompletethepredictions.D.ItwasdevelopedbyDavidBakerattheUniversityofWashington.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outwit”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Defeat. B.Strengthen. C.Copy. D.Ignore.15.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Rosettahascontributedgreatlytoearlyproteinresearchwork.B.AlphaFold2iswidelyappliedinmedicineandmaterialscience.C.Proteinstructurepredictionenablednewscientificadvances.D.TheNobelPrizehonoredworkonproteinstructureprediction.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Intoday’sworldofdigitaldistractions(分心物),thethoughtoftakingyourkidstoanartgallerymightseemathanklessandimpossiblechallenge.Surelyachildwon’thavethepatiencetostareatsomethingforlong.____16____.Beingexposedtoart,however,holdsprofoundsignificanceforthedevelopmentofyoungminds,bothintellectuallyandemotionally.____17____.Eachpainting,sculpture,orphotographinartgalleriestellsastory,invitingyoungviewerstointerpretandconnectwithitonapersonallevel.Butwithmanykidsbeingextremelypickyeaters,andgalleriesseemingasappetizingasyesterday’sporridge,howcanwegetthemtotuck(狂吃)in?____18____.Ifirmlybelieveartgalleriescanbegreatfunifwesetoutwiththeintentionofmakingthemso.First,whynotletyourchildrenenjoyartontheirownterms?Whosaidthatwalkingaroundagalleryhadtobeslow,stoppingtolookateverypicture?____19____.Iftheywanttoheadstraightforacertaindisplay,letthem.Ifsomethingcatchestheireyeontheothersideoftheroom,that’sabsolutelyfine.____20____.Whatreallymattersinagalleryisthatchildrenbuildaconnectionwithart,forwhateverreason.Toencouragethis,youcanmakeitintoagame,eitherwithorwithoutareward,withsimplequestionslike,“Whocanguesstheartist?”Ididthismanytimeswithmychildrenandalwaysfoundittoenhancetheirinterest.A.LetthemdeterminethepaceB.MaketheartgalleryfitinwithyourkidsC.TurningartintoagameisanothertrickD.TheansweristoapproachthemwithfresheyesE.Itisacryingshamethattheyareleast-visitedattractionsF.ItallowschildrenopportunitiestoengageindiverseperspectivesandculturesG.It’sunderstandabletothinkofartgalleriesasanythingbutchild-friendlyplaces第三部分语言运用(共三节,满分45分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CompeanwasnostrangertoAngelesNationalForest;althoughhehadhikedtheparkmanytimes,the43-year-oldmechanicwaslostafterexploringalonganewpath.Asduskfell,hisconcernturnedto____21____.Withnoflashlightandlessthantenpercentbatteryonhisphone,Compeanwas____22____foranythingmorethanthetwo-hourhikehe’dplanned.Heclimbedtoaspot,some7,000feetabovesealevel,wherehefoundaweak____23____andtextedafriend,“SOS.Myphoneisgoingto____24____.I’mlost,”attachingaphotoofhisdirtylegshangingoversteeprocks.Thetemperaturedropped,andthewindsstrengthened.Compean____25____himselfintoaball,usinghisbackpacktoprotecthislegsfromtheicywindthat____26____him.Sixtymilesaway,BenKuoreadatweetattachedanunclear____27____.Sincethesearchdepartmenthadspentanight____28____lookingforCompean,theyreleasedthephototothe____29____,hopingsomeonemightknowthelocation.Kuo,atechworkerwithahobbyofidentifyingphotolocations,______30______asatellitemaponhislaptop.Noticingbitsofgreenplants,he______31______thesearchtothesouthsideofacampground.Aftercross-referencingwithGoogleEarth,hefoundthelocations______32______!Hequicklycalledthedepartmentandsoon,asearch-and-rescuehelicopterwasintheair,flyinghighaboveCompean.Afterspending27hours______33______inthewilderness,Compeancried,“I’msafe!”Dayslater,thetwomenmet.“Maybewe’llgoonahike,”Compean______34______.Gettingserious,hetoldKuo,“Ioweyoumy______35______.”21.A.fear B.anger C.shock D.appreciation22.A.ready B.unintended C.responsible D.unprepared23.A.signal B.light C.voice D.password24.A.erupt B.die C.restart D.crash25.A.stretched B.struggled C.hugged D.threw26.A.pounded B.kissed C.tapped D.refreshed27.A.message B.image C.direction D.answer28.A.fruitlessly B.efficiently C.effortlessly D.actively29.A.team B.family C.public D.police30.A.shutdown B.drewup C.wipedout D.pulledup31.A.narrowed B.continued C.repeated D.doubled32.A.shifted B.disappeared C.matched D.renewed33.A.alone B.freely C.alive D.specifically34.A.