初升高完美衔接教材 英语教学 动词的时态和语态

第二篇

词法句法英语学科模块5

动词的时态和语态1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练1热身训练2知识对接3难点突破4自主训练训练1

对一般现在时的考查1.If

you

heat

ice,

it

___

into

water.［2023甘肃武威］AA.turns

B.turned

C.was

turning

D.has

turned【解析】冰受热后变成水为客观事实，此处应用一般现在时。2.A

lot

of

trees

___in

our

city

in

spring

every

year.［2021重庆］AA.are

planted

B.were

planted

C.plant

D.planted【解析】主语a

lot

of

trees是动作plant的承受者，结合every

year可知，空格处要用一般现在时的被动语态。训练2

对一般过去时的考查1.Jessica

___

every

night

before

her

Chinese

test

and

got

good

results.［2023湖北武汉］BA.studies

B.studied

C.has

studied

D.will

study【解析】由got和并列连词and可知，此处应用一般过去时。2.—What

did

you

do

after

school

yesterday?—I

___

basketball

with

my

friends.［北京］BA.play

B.played

C.will

play

D.am

playing【解析】由上句“昨天放学后你干了什么？”可知，此处是对过去发生的事情进行提问，所以回答也应用一般过去时。训练3

对一般将来时的考查1.—The

car

will

not

start.

What

can

I

do?—Don't

worry.

Tom

and

I

___

it

a

push.［2023湖北武汉］DA.give

B.gave

C.have

given

D.will

give【解析】根据语境可知，推车的动作将要发生，因此空格处应用一般将来时。2.John

is

waiting

for

me.

We

___

to

the

bookstore

together.［2022河北］CA.went

B.have

gone

C.will

go

D.were

going【解析】根据“John

is

waiting

for

me.”可知，二人将要一起去书店，空格处应用一般将来时。训练4

对现在进行时的考查1.—Sorry,

I

can't

hear

you

clearly.

I

___

a

football

match.—OK.

I'll

ring

you

up

later.［2023山东滨州］CA.watch

B.watched

C.am

watching

D.was

watching【解析】根据I

can't

hear

you

clearly可知，因为“我”正在看一场足球比赛，所以“我”没有听清对方所说的话。此处应用现在进行时。2.The

workers

___

the

community

center

now.［2022北京］DA.cleaned

B.were

cleaning

C.will

clean

D.are

cleaning【解析】根据now可知，句子要用现在进行时。训练5

对现在完成时的考查1.—________

you

________

about

Naxi

Ancient

Music

yet?—Yes,

I

have.

It

is

a

part

of

Naxi

culture.［2023云南］(

)

BA.Has;

heard

B.Have;

heard

C.Did;

hear

D.Do;

hear【解析】由问句中的you和答语中的I

have可知，问句的时态是现在完成时，且应用have进行提问。2.—Our

computer

is

working

again!—Yes.

Our

IT

teacher

___it.

It

took

him

about

an

hour.［2021安徽］AA.has

fixed

B.will

fix

C.is

fixing

D.was

fixing【解析】根据“Our

computer

is

working

again！”可知，此处强调过去已完成的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。训练6

对过去进行时的考查1.While

we

___

an

English

song,

some

visitors

came

to

our

class.［2023天津］CA.sing

B.will

sing

C.were

singing

D.are

singing【解析】句意：当我们唱英语歌的时候，一些来访者来到我们班。根据While和came可知，此处应用过去进行时。2.Lingling

met

her

favourite

presenter

while

she

___the

radio

station.［2021辽宁大连］DA.visits

B.will

visit

C.is

visiting

D.was

visiting【解析】根据主句中的met以及语境可知，从句也要用过去时态，排除A、B、C选项；此处表达的是过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。训练7

对被动语态的考查1.A

great

number

of

beautiful

flowers

___

on

the

second

ring

road

in

Chengdu

these

days.［2023四川成都］BA.plant

B.are

planted

C.are

planting

D.is

planted【解析】主语是名词的复数形式，且与动词plant之间是动宾关系，故谓语应用are

planted。2.On

our

farm，

the

tea

leaves

___

by

hand

when

they

are

ready.［2022北京］CA.pick

B.picked

C.are

picked

D.were

picked【解析】主语the

tea

leaves是动词pick的承受者，时态是一般现在时，故空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。接点1

动词的时态

动词的时态指动词所表示的动作和状态在各种时间条件下发生时的表现形式。常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时。

处理时态问题首先要掌握各种动词时态所表达的时间概念，注意捕捉决定时态的信息，如表示时间的副词、短语和从句等;有时还要通过上下文的时间关系以及题目设置的语境去挖掘隐藏信息。以ask为例，其常用的时态构成形式如下：常用时态形式常用时态形式一般现在时ask/asks过去完成时had

asked一般过去时asked将来完成时will/shall

have

asked一般将来时will/shall

ask现在进行时am/is/are

asking过去将来时would/should

ask过去进行时was/were

asking现在完成时have/has

asked将来进行时will/shall

be

asking接点2

动词的被动语态

语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。以ask为例，其被动语态在常用的几种时态中的构成形式如下：常用时态被动语态形式常用时态被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are

asked过去进行时was/were

being

asked一般过去时was/were

asked现在完成时have/has

beenasked一般将来时will/shall

be

asked过去完成时had

been

asked过去将来时would/should

be

asked将来完成时will/shall

have

been

asked现在进行时am/is/are

being

asked——突破1

一般现在时1.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作，常与often、

usually、

always、

sometimes、

every

morning、

on

Sundays等时间状语连用。She

is

always

ready

to

help

others.她总是乐于助人。The

old

man

exercises

in

the

park

every

morning.这位老人每天早上都在公园锻炼。2.表示永恒的真理或者客观事实。The

earth

goes

round

the

sun.地球绕着太阳转。3.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。The

train

starts

at

seven

in

the

morning.火车早上七点出发。4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。I'll

go

with

you

if

you

are

free

tomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。1.Shanghai

____（lie）

in

the

east

of

China.2.It's

proved

that

the

earth___（be）

round.3.The

train_______（come）

at

3

o'clock.liesiscomes突破2

一般过去时1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与two

days

ago、

yesterday、

last

week、

just

now、

when

I

was

five

years

old、in

1995等表示过去的时间状语连用。I

met

him

yesterday.昨天我遇见了他。They

began

to

work

two

months

ago.两个月前他们开始工作。2.表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。注意，used

to

do

sth表示“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。He

used

to

get

up

early.过去他总是早起。（现在不这样了）3.有时候句中没有表示过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境和说话人的口气来判断。He

wrote

a

novel.他写了一部小说。I

didn't

expect

you

were

waiting

for

us.我没预料到你正在等我们。4.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，表示过去某个时候发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是动作；现在完成时是过去发生的动作，表示过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是结果。I

saw

this

film

yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作已发生，不涉及现在）I

have

seen

this

film.我已经看了这部电影。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）1.I____（get）

up

early,

washed

my

face,

had

a

quick

breakfast

and

hurried

to

school.2.Mr

Smith______（come）

to

see

you

just

now.3.I

always

got

up

late

and

never_____（have）

enough

time

for

breakfast.gotcamehad突破3

一般将来时1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与in

the

future、

soon、

in

a

month、

next

time、

from

now

on、

tomorrow等时间状语连用。I

shall

be

eighteen

years

old

next

year.明年我就十八岁了。He

will

not

go

to

the

airport

to

meet

her

this

afternoon.今天下午他不会去机场接她。2.一般将来时的其他表示形式。（1）be

to

do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。The

president

is

to

visit

Japan

in

May.总统将于五月访问日本。I

am

to

get

married

next

year.我明年要结婚。（2）be

about

to

do表示“马上要做某事；正要做某事”，往往不与时间状语连用。We

are

about

to

discuss

this

problem.我们马上要讨论这个问题。3.will和be

going

to的区别（1）will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时决定要做的事。I

will

stay

with

you

and

help

you.我会留在你身边并且帮助你。—You

have

left

the

light

on.你还开着灯呢。—Oh,

yes.

I

will

go

and

turn

it

off

right

now.哦，是的。我马上去关掉它。（2）be

going

to常用于口语中，主要用来表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，表示打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。There

is

going

to

be

an

English

film

this

evening.今晚有一场英语电影。Look

at

those

dark

clouds.

It

is

going

to

rain.看看那些乌云。天要下雨了。1.I

_______________（attend）

the

meeting

tomorrow.2.He________（go）

to

see

his

mother

next

Saturday.3.I________（do）

my

best

to

catch

up

with

them.4.We

are

going________（meet）

the

guests

at

the

station

next

day.shall/will

attendwill

gowill

doto

meet突破4

现在完成时1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already、

ever、

just、

yet等副词连用。I

have

just

finished

my

homework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。He

has

been

to

Germany.他去过德国。2.表示从过去某一时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会持续下去，此时常用延续性动词,时间状语常为since加一个过去的时间点、for加一段时间、up

to

now等。I

have

known

him

for

three

years.我认识他三年了。He

has

lived

here

since

1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿了。My

sister

has

been

married

for

5

years.我姐姐结婚五年了。3.在“This/That/It

is

the

first/second/third/...time

that...”结构中，that后面的从句通常用现在完成时。This

is

the

second

time

that

the

products

of

our

company

have

been

shown

in

the

international

exhibition.这是我们公司的产品第二次在国际展览会上展览。4.在“It

is/has

been+时间段+since...”结构中，使用一般现在时和现在完成时这两种时态都正确。It

is/has

been

10

years

since

I

last

saw

him.从我上次见到他以来已经有10年了。1.By

now

more

than

100

students

in

my

school

___________（join）

us.2.They_____________（clean）

the

classroom

so

far.3.We__________（live）

here

since

1976.4.They____________（wait）

for

more

than

two

hours.have

joinedhave

cleanedhave

livedhave

waited突破5

过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。By

the

end

of

last

month,

we

had

reviewed

four

books.截至上个月末，我们已经复习了四本书。2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示“过去的过去”，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。When

we

got

to

the

station,

the

train

had

left.当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。3.当一些表示“打算、希望、计划、认为、试图”等的动词（如think、believe、hope、plan、want、intend等）用于过去完成时时，其意思是“原本……（但事与愿违）”。I

had

thought

that

he

would

win.我原以为他会赢。We

had

believed

that

he

could

tell

the

truth.我们原本以为他会告诉我们实情。1.We

___________（learn）

two

thousand

words

by

the

end

of

last

year.had

learned2.When

we

arrived

at

the

station,

they

___________（wait）

for

more

than

twenty

minutes.had

waited突破6

现在进行时1.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Listen,

someone

is

crying.听，有人在哭。What

are

you

doing

these

days?这些天你们在干什么？2.有时现在进行时也与always、

continually、

forever等副词连用，表示特定的情感，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。He

is

always

asking

the

same

question.他总是问同一个问题。（表达厌烦）3.go、

come、

leave、

arrive、

start、

begin等短暂性动词用于现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。They

are

leaving

for

Shanghai.他们将动身去上海。1.What

are

you

______（do）

now?2.I___________（look）

for

my

keys

now.3.The

students_____________（prepare）

for

the

examination

now.doingam

lookingare

preparing突破7

过去进行时1.表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。I

was

doing

my

homework

at

this

time

yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做我的家庭作业。I

was

washing

my

hair

when

you

knocked

at

the

door.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。2.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时和一般过去时都用于表示过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去的事实。They

were

building

a

house.他们在盖房子。（他们那时候正在盖房子，建造完成与否未知）They

built

a

house

last

month.他们上个月盖了一幢房子。（他们盖了房子，房子已经建造完成）突破8

动词的语态1.主动语态和被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。We

swept

the

floor.我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）The

floor

was

swept.地板被打扫过。（被动语态）2.被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成形式是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。（1）肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+其他。They

were

given

a

warm

welcome.他们受到热烈的欢迎。（2）否定句：主语+be+not+过去分词+其他。The

car

was

not

made

in

China.这辆汽车不是中国制造的。（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+其他？—Are

they

made

in

China?它们是中国制造的吗？—Yes,

they

are.是的，它们是（中国制造的）。—Was

the

museum

built

in

2021?这座博物馆是在2021年建成的吗？—No,

it

was

built

in

2020.不，它是在2020年建成的。（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（不作主语）+be+主语+过去分词+其他？/特殊疑问词（作主语）+be+过去分词+其他？What

is

the

machine

used

for?这台机器是被用来做什么的？Where

were

the

cars

made?

这些小汽车是哪里制造的？What

was

stolen

last

night?昨晚什么东西被偷了？3.主动语态变为被动语态的方法：将主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语。People

used

radios

for

listening

to

the

news.（主动）→Radios

were

used

for

listening

to

the

news

by

people.（被动）I

posted

a

letter

last

week.（主动）→A

letter

was

posted

by

me

last

week.（被动）4.在make、

let、

see、

hear、

notice、

watch、

feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，应加上to。We

heard

her

sing

an

English

song.（主动）→She

was

heard

to

sing

an

English

song

by

us.（被动）Ⅰ.单项选择1.—Excuse

me，

what

is

Nick

doing?—Look!

He

___

flowers

outside.［2022重庆］CA.waters

B.watered

C.is

watering

D.has

watered【解析】根据what

is

Nick

doing及Look可知，此处应用现在进行时be

doing的结构。2.The

little

boy

won't

go

to

sleep

unless

his

mom

___

him

a

story.［2022辽宁盘锦］AA.tells

B.told

C.is

telling

D.will

tell【解析】分析句子结构可知，题干是一个主从复合句，含有一个unless引导的条件状语从句。主句用将来时，从句应用一般现在时。3.—Which

teacher

will

you

miss

the

most

after

graduation?—Mrs

Chen.

She

encouraged

me

a

lot

when

I

___

the

English

exam.［2023四川泸州］CA.fail

B.was

failing

C.failed

D.have

failed【解析】根据“She

encouraged

me

a

lot

when

I...the

English

exam.”可知，主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的时态也应为一般过去时。4.Computers

have

had

a

great

influence

on

learning

methods

since

they

___

into

schools.［2023安徽］DA.introduce

B.introduced

C.are

introduced

D.were

introduced【解析】根据语境并分析句子结构可知，从句中的主语they是动作introduce的承受者，此处应用被动语态；since引导时间状语从句时，若主句是现在完成时，则从句应用一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。5.—What

are

you

saving

money

for?—Father's

Day

is

around

the

corner.

I

___

a

gift

for

my

father.［2022安徽］AA.am

going

to

buy

B.have

bought

C.bought

D.was

buying【解析】根据“Father's

Day

is

around

the

corner.”可知，父亲节快到了，答者打算给爸爸买礼物，应用一般将来时。6.—Where

is

your

brother?—Look!

He

___

basketball

on

the

playground.［2023云南］CA.plays

B.played

C.is

playing

D.was

playing【解析】根据Look可知，打篮球的动作正在进行，此处应用现在进行时。7.To

make

the

environment

much

better,

more

trees

___

next

year.［2023江苏连云港］DA.plant

B.will

plant

C.are

planted

D.will

be

planted【解析】根据时间状语next

year可知，此处应用一般将来时，且主语more

trees与动词plant之间是动宾关系，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。8.—What

did

you

do

on

this

Dragon

Boat

Festival?—I

___

the

boat

races

on

TV

and

read

books.［2021云南昆明］BA.watch

B.watched

C.am

watching

D.will

watch【解析】根据上文“What

did

you

do

on

this

Dragon

Boat

Festival?”可知,回答也应用一般过去时。9.Hou

Yi

___

magic

medicine

for

shooting

down

the

nine

suns,

then

Pang

Meng

tried

to

steal

it.［2023江西］DA.gives

B.has

given

C.gave

D.was

given【解析】由tried可知，此处应用一般过去时；根据语境可知,后羿的灵药是被给的，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。10.Our

teacher,

Miss

Chen,

___

English

on

the

radio

the

day

before

yesterday.BA.teaches

B.taught

C.will

teach

D.had

taught【解析】根据the

day

before

yesterday可知,此处应用一般过去时。11.She

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

she

___

the

work

next

week.AA.finishes

B.doesn't

finish

C.will

finish

D.won't

finish【解析】在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时。12.—Where

is

Mr

Green

now?

I

haven't

seen

him

for

a

few

days.—He

___

to

Hong

Kong.DA.goes

B.will

go

C.is

going

D.has

gone【解析】have

gone

to...指“去某地了（现在还未回来）”。13.I've

just

got

two

tickets!

I

___

to

see

the

new

movie

with

Tony.［2023江西］CA.go

B.went

C.will

go

D.have

gone【解析】根据语境可知，因为“我”刚拿到票，所以“我”将会去看电影，故句子应用一般将来时。14.—What's

that

noise,

Tom?—Oh,

some

children

___

in

the

yard.［2023江西］BA.play

B.are

playing

C.played

D.will

play【解析】根据语境可知，很多孩子正在院子里玩，从而制造了噪声。所以，句子应用现在进行时。15.—Can

he

get

first

prize

in

the

race?—He

___

so,

but

he

has

just

hurt

his

leg.

It's

impossible

now.［2023山东滨州］DA.will

expect

to

do

B.is

expected

doingC.has

expected

doing

D.was

expected

to

do【解析】根据语境可知，主语He和动词expect之间是动宾关系，且期望的动作发生在过去，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。be

expected

to

do

sth“被期望做某事”，为固定短语。16.China

Panda

Train

from

Chengdu

to

Zunyi

___

to

use

on