高中英语复习资料

10种时态必形式：do/doesamis/用法：表示真理、客观存在及自然现象Shanghailiesintheeastof表示经常性、习惯性的动作HewatchesTVevery表示拟定、安排好的动作Ourtrainleavesat9用法：表示过去发生的事或者状态TheywereinShanghailast表示过去经常或反复发生的动作Healwaysworkedintonightthose形式：willshalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beaboutto用法：表示将要发生或者要做的事情Iwillgotovisithimnext形式：would用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态Ididn’tknowifhewould用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作Sheiswritingaletterupstairs.表示现阶段持续进行的动作Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.表示即将要发生的事情Whereareyougoingtomorrow?形式：waswere用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作Wewerehavingsupperwhenthephone表示过去某一时间段内一直持续进行的动作Wewereexpectingyou用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作Atthistimetomorrow,Iwillbelyingonthe形式：have/hasdone,have/has用法：表示过去的动作对现在仍有影响Haveyouheardfromhim表示过去的动作一直持续到现在Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.形式：haddone,had用法：动作在过去的某个时刻之前就已经发生Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.形式：has/havebeenSincethelunarNewYear,thenumberofbikeshasbeengrowing is/am/areRiceisgrowninthesouthoftheThebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.will/shallbePlentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-wouldbeTheworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.TheroomsarebeingTreeswerebeingplantedherethistimelasthas/havebeenThepricehasbeenbroughthadbeen+Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreat 限制性定Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得非限制性用逗号与主句隔开；不能用thatHisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.TheworkwhichhasjustbeenfinishedisIknowaforeignerthatisfrom人SheisthegirlwholivesnextThepeople(who)wemetinFrancehavesentusacard.人Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(whom)IgotknowatapartyintheshoppingcenterThisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelast人、物或事Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表语CanyoutellmetheofficewhereheDoyouknowthereasonwhyhewastofor。例：Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?tofor例：TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmy正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whomwhich之前。例：Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.whothat例：Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.thatwhichthat的“四用二不用”先行词为形容词最高级、序数词、all、much、little、few或被形容词最高级、序数词、all、much、little、few、thevery、theonly等修饰时。例：Thistrainisthefirstone)thatwillgoto先行词为不定代词anything,everything,nothing时。例：Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?例：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalking例：Whothathaseverworkedtogetherwithhimdoesn’tadmire例：Hepassedtheexamwhichmadehisparents例：ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunonce①确定从句完整性；②不完整选用关系代词；③ 时间状语从句when,aswhile,assoonas,before,aftersince,tilluntilI’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNew地点状语从句where,whereverGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwherethereare原因状语从句because,since,asnowthatNowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginour目的状语从句sothatinorderthatforfearthatSheburnedtheletterssothatherhusbandwouldneverread结果状语从句so,so...thatsuch...thatsothatHegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirst条件状语从句ifunlessincaseWe’llstartourprojectifthepresident让步状语从句althoughthough,evenifeventhough,whileTheoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatheris比较状语从句so(as)...as,than,themore...,themore...等Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.方式状语从句asasifasthoughShebehavedasifshewerethe①② ①Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrowmorning.Idon’tcarewhether/ifhewillleaveorstay.WhetherthemeetingwillbeheldisstillaWhyheisoftenabsentfromclassisaWhattheyneedisagoodtextbook.IhavenoideawhowillhelpusItalldependsonhowwesolvethe特殊关系词：特殊疑问词+ever(whoever,whatever,however,whichever,whomever,whereverbecauseWhoeverdidthisjobmustbeItdoesn’tmattertobewhicheveryou① thatthatwhether缺少主语：如果指代人用who,不指代人用what；缺少宾语：如果指代人用whomwhat；式/how。 totobetohave/having一、动词-ingbeinghavinghavingbeenHavingbeentoldabouttheriskofelectricshocks,sheisverycarefulwhileusing此外，动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面加notIsthereanyreasonfornothavingthefirst-aidtrainingthisweek？（否定式Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingHesaidnothingaboutuslosingthe（错误）Whilehavingabath,waterleakedoverthesidesofthe（正确）Whilehavingabath,shesawwaterleakingoverthesidesofthe由before、after、when、while等引导的状语从句常常可以转换为对应的动词-ingAminuteago,shefelldownwhileshewastryingtoopenthewindow.→Aminuteago,shefelldownwhiletryingtoopenthewindow.动词-ing形式用作定语时，可以表示被修饰名词所具有的性质特征（afrighteningexperience（一次可怕的经历）aswimminggirl（一个正在游泳的女孩）aswimmingpool（一个游泳池①例：thefallenleaves落叶thepollutedwater例：paintingspaintedbywomen=paintingsthatarepaintedbywomen过去分词作宾语补足语。一般是及物动词的过去分词才能作宾语补足语，表示被动过去分词用在感官动词see,hearwatch,notice,feel,find,observe,listento后作宾语例：Isawhimbeatenblackand例：MyhairislongandIwillhaveitcutthis例：Wecan’tkeepoureyesclosedtothebad例：TheEnglishteacherraisedhervoicetomakeherselfheardbythewantwish,like,order等后作宾语补足语。例：Idon’twantmydaughterleftalonewhenwegotoFrance.例：Withtheirhousedestroyedbytheflood,theyhadtostayinthe①be和连系动词look,sound,getbecome,growsmelltaste,stay例：Onhearingthenews,allthestudentsgotgetmarried（结婚）getchanged（换衣服，getdressed（穿衣服，getlost（迷路）等。，get②例：AskedWhenhewasasked)whyhehadn’tattendedthepartyAndymadeno例：Seriouslyinjured=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured)intheearthquake,thisboywassenttohospitalimmediately.例：SeenIfitisseen)fromthespace,theearthlookslikeabigblue例：Theheadteachercameintotheclassroomangrilyfollowedbytwo动语态和被动语态。具体形式如下表所示（以do为例：totobetobe—tohavetohave动词不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的tohavebeen—totoTheyarenotbuildingastatetocontinuetheconflictwithIsrael,buttoendtomake,have,let,feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,observe,notice等。但用于被动语态时，不定式要带to。Shemakesherhusbandfetchthekidsfromschoolevery→Herhusbandismadetofetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.她让丈夫每天从学校接孩wouldratherdo…thando...宁愿……也不愿cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbutdo...hadbetternotdosth.最好（别）doto，也可不省略。Allyouneedtodois(to)testoutthesystem.作主语（it作形式主语Itisridiculoustoimaginethattherecoverywillbequickand常接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope,refuse,manage,wish,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,help等。Thestrongmanmanagedtopulloutthetree复合结构中常用it作形式宾语，不定式（短语）放在宾语补足语之后。常接这种复合结构的动词有6个：make,feel,find,consider,believe,think。ThedogfounditdifficulttojumpovertheHeaskedmetohelphimlearnbiology.（宾语补足语→Iwasaskedtohelphimlearnbiology.（主语补足语）Jackisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein).Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastto下列名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容：decision,chance,plan,ability（权利）wayI’msureofhisabilitytocopewiththis.tobedone作定语多表将来的被动动作（将要被Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.作状语（表示目的、结果、原因等Toenjoyamorespectacularsight,youmustclimbtoagreaterThecandidatereachedthecompany,onlytofindtheinterviewWewereinhighspiritstohearthewordsofourteacher’sMyjobistomakeleather作独立成分（作句子状语totellthetruth说实话tobeexact确切地说toconclude总而言之tobefrank坦白地说tobebrief简言之tobegin/startwith首先tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Howtoarousethestudents’interestinlaborisveryIknowwheretofindtheyoungmanwhobehaveswithThequestioniswhentoraisethe4.关系，主动用v-ing，被动用过去分词，目的和将来用不定式；如果没有，就看与句子主语之间的关系，主动用v-ing，被动用过去分词，目的和将来用不定式。当然，如果非谓语动havingdone/havingbeendone.如遇固定搭配，不可硬 该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。只要把要强调的部分夹在It’s…that/who中间，其他部分照抄跟在后面。强调人时，连接词可以用that/who，若强调的人是宾格还可以用whom。例：WeelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingItwasattheclassmeetingyesterdaythatweelectedhimItwashimthatweelectedmonitorattheclassmeetingItwaswethat/whoelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeeting如，neverseldomlittle,hardlyfe