2026年人教版新九年级英语上册 第02讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People（暑假预习讲义）

第02讲Unit2InspiringPeople（知识全梳理&考点精准练）内容导航01预习航标→析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向02教材全解

→析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容03过关检测

→练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提关键词学习目标导航学习目标1.能认读、识记不同领域杰出人物相关职业名词、品质形容词，能结合人物识记相关成就类短语。2.熟练掌握询问/谈论敬佩人物的核心交际句型：Whodoyouadmire/lookuptomost?Whatmakeshim/herinspiring/admirable?It’s+形容词+ofsb.todosth.（评价人物品格句型）3.在听力习题中精准抓取人物姓名、职业、关键成就、个人品质四类关键信息，完成匹配、填空、选词类听力任务。4.能分组讨论自己敬佩的人物，结合人物事迹、优秀品质有条理阐述敬佩原因；能模仿对话进行角色扮演，完成人物介绍口头汇报。学习重点1.掌握谈论敬佩人物的核心问答句型与It’s+adj.+ofsb.todo评价句式的灵活运用；2.区分识记各行各业职业词汇，匹配不同名人对应的职业领域与标志性成就；学习难点1.整合人物生平、成就、优秀品质，逻辑连贯地用英语完整介绍一位励志人物；2.在真实口语语境中，灵活选用creative/brave/fullofwisdom/nevergiveup等品质形容词佐证人物令人敬佩的理由；1.Sheisfullofcourageandwisdom.她充满勇气与智慧。【详解】句型结构：主语+befullof+名词含义：某人/某物充满……（多指品质、情绪、事物），同义短语：befilledwith（中考常替换考点）例如：Theroomisfullofpeople.=Theroomisfilledwithpeople.房间充满了人。courage：名词，“勇气”，其动词为encourage“鼓励”encouragesbtodosth.鼓励某人做某事【典例1】：(填空)Theyounggirl______(be)fullofhopeforthefuture.答案：is解析：主语theyounggirl是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。【典例2】Myteacheroftenencouragesme______braveenoughtofacedifficultiesinmystudyandlife.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.is答案：B解析：本题考查固定短语encouragesb.todosth.（鼓励某人做某事），该结构为固定不定式搭配，是九年级核心高频考点。【即练1】改错：Hefullofconfidencewhenhetakesexams.【即练2】同义句转换：Theroomisfilledwithbooks.（用befullof改写）2.It’sreallyveryniceofhimtosupportandencouragemyexchangestudyhere.他很热心，支持并鼓励我来这里做交换学习。【详解】句型结构：It’s+品质形容词+ofsb.todosth.用法：用于评价人的性格、品质（nice,kind,good,foolish,brave等）辨析：修饰人用ofsb.；修饰事情用forsb.（重点中考易错点）【典例】It’sbrave______himtosavethechildintheriver.A.forB.ofC.withD.in答案：B解析：brave（勇敢的）是形容人的品质，固定搭配It’s+品质形容词+ofsb.todosth.，故选B。【即练1】It’scleverofher______(solve)thedifficultproblemquickly.【即练2】改错：It’simportantofyoutokeepworkinghard.3.Itwasdifficultfor…todothatkindofworkbackinthosedays.在那个年代，……做这类工作十分艰难。【详解】句型结构：Itwas+事物形容词+forsb.todosth.用法：描述做某事对某人来说是……的（困难、容易、重要、必要等），形容词修饰事情，不修饰人时态：was用于过去时，指代过去的事情；可替换为is（现在时）【典例】It______(be)easyformetofinishthehomeworkyesterday.答案：was解析：yesterday为过去时间，句子用一般过去时，be动词用was。【即练1】It’s______forustolearnEnglishwell.Wemustkeeppracticing.A.kindB.difficultC.braveD.nice【即练2】It’s______forteenagerstodevelopgoodreadinghabits,whichhelpsimprovetheirwrittenEnglishalot.A.carelessB.valuableC.selfishD.humorous【即练3】It’s______tosolvesuchacomplicatedphysicsproblemwithoutteacher’shelp.Moststudentsneedguidance.A.honestB.impossibleC.patientD.modest4.Itwasamazingthat…didresearchinphysicsandchemistryeventhough…令人惊叹的是，尽管……，……仍坚持理化研究。【详解】句型结构：Itwasamazingthat+完整句子用法：it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，用于感叹、赞美他人的惊人行为、成就，多用于过去事迹拓展：amazing形容事物“令人惊叹的”，amazed形容人“感到惊叹的”【典例】Itwasamazingthatthegreatscientistlotsofimportantinventionsinpoorlivingconditions.

A.inventsB.inventedC.willinventD.invent

答案：B

解析：主句was为一般过去时，that从句时态统一用一般过去时invented。句意：令人惊叹的是，这位伟大的科学家在艰苦的生活条件下做出了许多重要发明。【即练1】—Howdidyoufeelabouthissuccess?

—thathefinishedthedifficultprojectallbyhimself.

A.Itamazed

B.Hewasamazing

C.Itwasamazing

D.Hewasamazed【即练2】Itwasamazingthatsomanyworks.

A.hecreatesB.hecreatedC.hiscreatingD.himtocreate【即练3】______thattheoldscientist______overtenyearscarryingoutsecretexperimentsinremoteareas.

A.Itwasamazed;spent

B.Itwasamazing;spent

C.Itwasamazing;hasspent

D.Itwasamazed;hadspent5.Itisimportanttohimthateveryoneshouldshowthesamekindnessandcaretoeveryoneelse,whethertheywerefamily,friends,orstrangers.在他看来，无论亲人、朋友还是陌生人，人人都该同等友善、彼此关怀，这点至关重要。【详解】句型结构：Itisimportanttosb.that+完整句子辨析：importanttosb.对某人而言很重要（侧重人的观点、认知）；importantforsb.对某人有益、有必要（侧重事情作用）【典例】单选：Itisimportant______teachersthatstudentslistencarefullyinclass.A.toB.forC.ofD.with答案：A解析：侧重“在老师看来”的主观观点，用tosb.。【即练1】翻译：在他看来，坚持梦想至关重要。【即练2】Itisimportanttousthatwe______(keep)ourpromise.【即练3】改错：Itisimportantforherthatpeoplerespecteachother.6.Thereareallkindsofinspiringpeoplearoundus,suchasscientists,nursesandengineers.

我们身边有各种各样的励志人物，比如科学家、护士和工程师。【详解】allkindsof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，意为：各种各样的、形形色色的1.后接名词复数或不可数名词，不能接单数可数名词；2.侧重强调种类多、类型丰富，可修饰人或事物；3.同义替换：differentkindsof（不同种类的）、manykindsof（许多种类的）。例句1：Wecanseeallkindsofflowersinthepark.（可数复数）例句2：Hehasallkindsofinformationaboutfamouspeople.（不可数名词）【典例】Themuseumshows______oldthingsandtellsusstoriesofgreatpeople.A.allkindofB.allkindsofC.akindofD.allkinds答案：B解析：正确固定搭配为allkindsof各种各样的；A形式错误，缺少s；D后面不能直接接名词。句意：这座博物馆展示各种各样的古物，为我们讲述伟人的故事。【即练1】Thereare______inspiringstoriesinthisbook.A.allkindsofB.allkindofC.kindsallofD.kindof【即练2】Myteachertellsus______peoplehavedifferentdreams.A.allkindsofB.allkindC.kindofD.akind【即练3】Allkindsofnewbooks______inourschoollibraryeveryyear.A.appearsB.appearC.isappearingD.was7.HediscoveredthatEarthmovesaroundthesun.他发现地球围绕太阳运转。【详解】单词辨析：discover意为发现（原本客观存在、此前不为人知的事物、真理、规律），多用于科学发现、自然规律、客观事实场景；区别于invent（发明，创造原本不存在的新事物）。时态特点：discover讲述过往的发现、科研成果，常用一般过去时discovered。从句时态规则：①若that从句为客观真理、自然规律、科学事实，无论主句是何种时态，从句永远用一般现在时；②若that从句为普通事件、非客观真理，从句时态跟随主句，主句过去时，从句用过去对应时态。【典例1】Thescientistdiscoveredthatwater______intosteamwhenitboils.A.turnedB.turnsC.willturnD.hasturned答案：B解析：that后为客观科学规律（水沸腾变蒸汽），属于永恒真理，遵循“真理永一现”原则，不受主句过去时discovered影响，从句用一般现在时turns。【典例2】Columbus______thattherewasanewcontinentinthewestoftheAtlanticOcean.A.inventedB.discoveredC.createdD.produced答案：B解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。discover指发现原本存在的未知事物（新大陆原本存在）；invent发明新事物，create创造，produce生产，均不符合语境。讲述过往发现，用过去式discovered。【即练1】Shediscoveredthatmostplants______fasterinwarmandwetenvironments.A.growB.grewC.aregrowingD.havegrown【即练2】Theresearcherdiscoveredthattherarebird______onlyinthesouthernforestsyearsago.A.livesB.livedC.liveD.willlive【即练3】Whichsentenceiscorrect?A.Hediscoveredthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.B.Hehasdiscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.C.Hediscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.D.Hediscoversthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.一、单词拼写The______(鼓舞人心的)storymakesusfullofhope.Weall______(钦佩)thehard-workingscientistsaroundus.That______(化学家)hasfoundanewkindofmaterial.Thegreat______(物理学家)spentallhistimeonspaceresearch.People’slifehaschangedalotinone______(世纪).YuanLongpingisa______(先驱)inhybridrice.Itneedsgreat______(勇气)totellthetruth.Be______(勇敢的)whenyoumeettroubles.Theydolotsof______(科学的)experimentseveryweek.The______(探索)oftheuniverseneverstops.

二、单项选择

1.Thelittlescientist_fullofnewideaswhenhedoesexperimentsinthelab.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.Ourheadteacheralwaysencouragesus__challengesbravelyinourdailystudy.

A.faceB.tofaceC.facingD.faced

3.It’swise__himtogiveupbadhabits.

A.forB.ofC.withD.at

4.It’snecessary_studentstofinishhomeworkontimeeveryday.

A.ofB.toC.forD.in

5.Itwasamazingthattheresearcher__lotsofvaluableachievementsunderhardlivingconditionsyearsago.

A.makesB.madeC.makeD.willmake

6.Itisimportant__mostfarmersthatcropscangrowwellinwarmweather.

A.toB.forC.ofD.on

7.Thephysicistfoundthattheearth__aroundthesunallthetime.

A.moveB.movesC.movedD.willmove

8.Hefoundthatthiskindofanimal__onlyinthenorthofChinahundredsofyearsago.

A.livesB.livedC.liveD.willlive

9.Wecansee_rareplantseedskeptinthespecialseedbankaroundtheworld.

A.allkindofB.allkindsofC.akindofD.kindof

10.Thereis__usefulinformationaboutseedprotectioninthissciencebook.

A.allkindsofB.manyC.alotD.allkindof

三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Weshouldkeeptheenvironmentingood(balance).The(inspire)speechencouragedeverystudent.

Allthestudents(admire)thosegreatpioneersfortheircourage.

Thewell-known(history)hasstudiedancientdynastiesfor30years.

Thatgreat(chemistry)discoveredanimportantchemicalelement.

Thesoldiergotseriously(wound)intheterriblewar.

Itis(necessity)forustolearnfrombravepeoplearoundus.

Hisdreamofbeingabiologistfinallycame(truth).

Someoldcustomsstill(live)oninthiswesternsmallvillage.

Herhappy(child)wasspentinaquietcountryside.

四、阅读理解VitoriaBueno:ADancerWithoutArmsIt'snoteasytobecomeaballet(芭蕾舞)dancer,andit'sevenharderforapersonwithoutarms.However,Vitoriadidit.Sheshineswithherbeautifuldancemoves.VitoriaisfromasmalltowninBrazil.Shewasbornwithoutarmsin2005.Peopleinthetownthoughtshewasastrangegirlandwerecurious(好奇的)toseeher.Tomakeherbodystronger,hermombegantotakehertoballetclasseswhenshewasfive.Thischangedherlife.Shepracticedhardandbecameagreatdancer.Thetrainingofdancingalsohelpedhertodoeverythingwithherfeet,likebrushingherteethandwashingherface.Overthepastfewyears,Vitoriasharedmanyvideosofherdancingonsocialmedia(媒体).Sheevenwenttosometalentshowsandbecamemoreandmorefamous.Forher,havingnoarmsdidn’tstophertofollowherdreams.Ifyouwatchherbeautifuldance,it’shardtonoticethatsheisdifferent.Shesaid,“Forme,arms,theyarejustadetail(细节).Ifollowwithmyeyesasiftheywerethere.”Shealsosaid,“Idon’tfeellikeIneedthematall.”Vitoria’sstorytellsusthatifyoubelieveinyourselfandnevergiveup,anythingispossible.19.WhatdoesThismeaninthereading?A.Brushingherteethwithherfeet.B.Beingbornwithoutarms.C.Goingtotheballetclasses.D.Becomingafamousballetdancer.20.PutthefollowinginformationaboutVitoriaintheordertheyappearinthepassage.a.HowdidVitoriastartdancing?b.WhatdoesVitoria’sstorytellus?c.WhereisVitoriafrom?d.WhatdoesVitoriathinkabouthavingnoarms?A.a→d→b→cB.d→a→c→bC.c→a→d→bD.c→d→b→a21.WhichistrueaboutVitoriaBueno?A.Peoplecanwatchherdancevideosonhersocialmedia.B.Peopleinhertownusedtogotoherhousetoseeherdance.C.Althoughshejoinedsometalentshows,notmanypeopleknowher.D.Atfirst,shethoughtitwasabigproblemforhertodancewithoutarms.第02讲Unit2InspiringPeople（知识全梳理&考点精准练）内容导航01预习航标→析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向02教材全解

→析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容03过关检测

→练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提关键词学习目标导航学习目标1.能认读、识记不同领域杰出人物相关职业名词、品质形容词，能结合人物识记相关成就类短语。2.熟练掌握询问/谈论敬佩人物的核心交际句型：Whodoyouadmire/lookuptomost?Whatmakeshim/herinspiring/admirable?It’s+形容词+ofsb.todosth.（评价人物品格句型）3.在听力习题中精准抓取人物姓名、职业、关键成就、个人品质四类关键信息，完成匹配、填空、选词类听力任务。4.能分组讨论自己敬佩的人物，结合人物事迹、优秀品质有条理阐述敬佩原因；能模仿对话进行角色扮演，完成人物介绍口头汇报。学习重点1.掌握谈论敬佩人物的核心问答句型与It’s+adj.+ofsb.todo评价句式的灵活运用；2.区分识记各行各业职业词汇，匹配不同名人对应的职业领域与标志性成就；学习难点1.整合人物生平、成就、优秀品质，逻辑连贯地用英语完整介绍一位励志人物；2.在真实口语语境中，灵活选用creative/brave/fullofwisdom/nevergiveup等品质形容词佐证人物令人敬佩的理由；1.Sheisfullofcourageandwisdom.她充满勇气与智慧。【详解】句型结构：主语+befullof+名词含义：某人/某物充满……（多指品质、情绪、事物），同义短语：befilledwith（中考常替换考点）例如：Theroomisfullofpeople.=Theroomisfilledwithpeople.房间充满了人。courage：名词，“勇气”，其动词为encourage“鼓励”encouragesbtodosth.鼓励某人做某事【典例1】：(填空)Theyounggirl______(be)fullofhopeforthefuture.答案：is解析：主语theyounggirl是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。【典例2】Myteacheroftenencouragesme______braveenoughtofacedifficultiesinmystudyandlife.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.is答案：B解析：本题考查固定短语encouragesb.todosth.（鼓励某人做某事），该结构为固定不定式搭配，是九年级核心高频考点。【即练1】改错：Hefullofconfidencewhenhetakesexams.答案：Heisfullofconfidencewhenhetakesexams.解析：befullof为完整谓语结构，句子缺少be动词，主语he为三单，补充is。【即练2】同义句转换：Theroomisfilledwithbooks.（用befullof改写）答案：Theroomisfullofbooks.解析：befilledwith和befullof完全同义，可互换使用，是中考同义转换高频考点。2.It’sreallyveryniceofhimtosupportandencouragemyexchangestudyhere.他很热心，支持并鼓励我来这里做交换学习。【详解】句型结构：It’s+品质形容词+ofsb.todosth.用法：用于评价人的性格、品质（nice,kind,good,foolish,brave等）辨析：修饰人用ofsb.；修饰事情用forsb.（重点中考易错点）【典例】It’sbrave______himtosavethechildintheriver.A.forB.ofC.withD.in答案：B解析：brave（勇敢的）是形容人的品质，固定搭配It’s+品质形容词+ofsb.todosth.，故选B。【即练1】It’scleverofher______(solve)thedifficultproblemquickly.答案：tosolve解析：固定句型后必须接动词不定式todo，作句子真正主语。【即练2】改错：It’simportantofyoutokeepworkinghard.答案：It’simportantforyoutokeepworkinghard.解析：important是修饰“坚持努力”这件事，不是修饰人的品质，修饰事物用forsb.。3.Itwasdifficultfor…todothatkindofworkbackinthosedays.在那个年代，……做这类工作十分艰难。【详解】句型结构：Itwas+事物形容词+forsb.todosth.用法：描述做某事对某人来说是……的（困难、容易、重要、必要等），形容词修饰事情，不修饰人时态：was用于过去时，指代过去的事情；可替换为is（现在时）【典例】It______(be)easyformetofinishthehomeworkyesterday.答案：was解析：yesterday为过去时间，句子用一般过去时，be动词用was。【即练1】It’s______forustolearnEnglishwell.Wemustkeeppracticing.A.kindB.difficultC.braveD.nice答案：B解析：选项中只有difficult是修饰事情的形容词，可用于forsb.结构，其余均为修饰人的品质形容词。【即练2】It’s______forteenagerstodevelopgoodreadinghabits,whichhelpsimprovetheirwrittenEnglishalot.A.carelessB.valuableC.selfishD.humorous答案：B解析：valuable（有价值的）形容事情，用forsb.结构；careless/selfish/humorous均描述人的品性，多用ofsb.。句意：养成良好阅读习惯对青少年很有价值。【即练3】It’s______tosolvesuchacomplicatedphysicsproblemwithoutteacher’shelp.Moststudentsneedguidance.A.honestB.impossibleC.patientD.modest答案：B解析：impossible（不可能的）修饰事情，搭配forsb.；honest、patient、modest用来形容人，常用ofsb.。句意：没有老师帮助很难攻克这道复杂物理题。4.Itwasamazingthat…didresearchinphysicsandchemistryeventhough…令人惊叹的是，尽管……，……仍坚持理化研究。【详解】句型结构：Itwasamazingthat+完整句子用法：it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，用于感叹、赞美他人的惊人行为、成就，多用于过去事迹拓展：amazing形容事物“令人惊叹的”，amazed形容人“感到惊叹的”【典例】Itwasamazingthatthegreatscientistlotsofimportantinventionsinpoorlivingconditions.

A.inventsB.inventedC.willinventD.invent

答案：B

解析：主句was为一般过去时，that从句时态统一用一般过去时invented。句意：令人惊叹的是，这位伟大的科学家在艰苦的生活条件下做出了许多重要发明。【即练1】—Howdidyoufeelabouthissuccess?

—thathefinishedthedifficultprojectallbyhimself.

A.Itamazed

B.Hewasamazing

C.Itwasamazing

D.Hewasamazed

答案：C

解析：固定句型Itwasamazingthat…；amazing形容事情令人惊叹，amazed主语为人表“感到吃惊”，只有C符合句型结构。【即练2】Itwasamazingthatsomanyworks.

A.hecreatesB.hecreatedC.hiscreatingD.himtocreate答案：B

解析：原句是过去语境，主句was过去式，从句谓语用过去式created，that后必须接主谓完整句子。【即练3】______thattheoldscientist______overtenyearscarryingoutsecretexperimentsinremoteareas.

A.Itwasamazed;spent

B.Itwasamazing;spent

C.Itwasamazing;hasspent

D.Itwasamazed;hadspent

答案：B

解析：本题综合性拔高考点。第一空遵循固定句型Itwasamazingthat…，it指代整件事，用修饰事物的amazing，amazed主语只能是人，排除A、D；第二空主句为一般过去时，that从句需时态一致，用一般过去时spent，现在完成时无法匹配过去语境，排除C。句意：令人惊叹的是，这位老科学家在偏远地区潜心开展秘密实验长达十余年。5.Itisimportanttohimthateveryoneshouldshowthesamekindnessandcaretoeveryoneelse,whethertheywerefamily,friends,orstrangers.在他看来，无论亲人、朋友还是陌生人，人人都该同等友善、彼此关怀，这点至关重要。【详解】句型结构：Itisimportanttosb.that+完整句子辨析：importanttosb.对某人而言很重要（侧重人的观点、认知）；importantforsb.对某人有益、有必要（侧重事情作用）【典例】单选：Itisimportant______teachersthatstudentslistencarefullyinclass.A.toB.forC.ofD.with答案：A解析：侧重“在老师看来”的主观观点，用tosb.。【即练1】翻译：在他看来，坚持梦想至关重要。答案：Itisimportanttohimthateveryoneshouldsticktotheirdreams.解析：侧重个人主观认知，用tohim，that从句用正常语序。【即练2】Itisimportanttousthatwe______(keep)ourpromise.答案：keep/shouldkeep解析：Itisimportantthat从句可接动词原形或should+动词原形，为固定用法。【即练3】改错：Itisimportantforherthatpeoplerespecteachother.答案：Itisimportanttoherthatpeoplerespecteachother.解析：句子侧重“在她看来”的主观观点，不是事情对她有益，因此用to。6.Thereareallkindsofinspiringpeoplearoundus,suchasscientists,nursesandengineers.

我们身边有各种各样的励志人物，比如科学家、护士和工程师。【详解】allkindsof+可数名词复数/不可数名词，意为：各种各样的、形形色色的1.后接名词复数或不可数名词，不能接单数可数名词；2.侧重强调种类多、类型丰富，可修饰人或事物；3.同义替换：differentkindsof（不同种类的）、manykindsof（许多种类的）。例句1：Wecanseeallkindsofflowersinthepark.（可数复数）例句2：Hehasallkindsofinformationaboutfamouspeople.（不可数名词）【典例】Themuseumshows______oldthingsandtellsusstoriesofgreatpeople.A.allkindofB.allkindsofC.akindofD.allkinds答案：B解析：正确固定搭配为allkindsof各种各样的；A形式错误，缺少s；D后面不能直接接名词。句意：这座博物馆展示各种各样的古物，为我们讲述伟人的故事。【即练1】Thereare______inspiringstoriesinthisbook.A.allkindsofB.allkindofC.kindsallofD.kindof答案：A解析：allkindsof后接可数名词复数stories，为正确搭配；B、C结构拼写错误，Dkindof意为“有点儿”，不符合句意。【即练2】Myteachertellsus______peoplehavedifferentdreams.A.allkindsofB.allkindC.kindofD.akind答案：A解析：allkindsofpeople各种各样的人。B、D结构不完整；C意为“稍微、有点”，语义不符。【即练3】Allkindsofnewbooks______inourschoollibraryeveryyear.A.appearsB.appearC.isappearingD.was答案：B解析：主谓一致考点！Allkindsof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除A、C；时态为一般现在时，选appear。7.HediscoveredthatEarthmovesaroundthesun.他发现地球围绕太阳运转。【详解】单词辨析：discover意为发现（原本客观存在、此前不为人知的事物、真理、规律），多用于科学发现、自然规律、客观事实场景；区别于invent（发明，创造原本不存在的新事物）。时态特点：discover讲述过往的发现、科研成果，常用一般过去时discovered。从句时态规则：①若that从句为客观真理、自然规律、科学事实，无论主句是何种时态，从句永远用一般现在时；②若that从句为普通事件、非客观真理，从句时态跟随主句，主句过去时，从句用过去对应时态。【典例1】Thescientistdiscoveredthatwater______intosteamwhenitboils.A.turnedB.turnsC.willturnD.hasturned答案：B解析：that后为客观科学规律（水沸腾变蒸汽），属于永恒真理，遵循“真理永一现”原则，不受主句过去时discovered影响，从句用一般现在时turns。【典例2】Columbus______thattherewasanewcontinentinthewestoftheAtlanticOcean.A.inventedB.discoveredC.createdD.produced答案：B解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。discover指发现原本存在的未知事物（新大陆原本存在）；invent发明新事物，create创造，produce生产，均不符合语境。讲述过往发现，用过去式discovered。【即练1】Shediscoveredthatmostplants______fasterinwarmandwetenvironments.A.growB.grewC.aregrowingD.havegrown答案：A解析：植物在温暖潮湿环境生长更快是自然客观规律，属于恒定真理，从句不受主句过去时态限制，必须使用一般现在时grow，为中考高频易错考点。【即练2】Theresearcherdiscoveredthattherarebird______onlyinthesouthernforestsyearsago.A.livesB.livedC.liveD.willlive答案：B解析：从句内容“珍稀鸟类栖息在南方森林”是过去的普通事实，非永恒客观真理，时态跟随主句过去时discovered，用一般过去时lived。区分真理与普通过往事实是本题核心考点。【即练3】Whichsentenceiscorrect?A.Hediscoveredthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.B.Hehasdiscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.C.Hediscoveredthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.D.Hediscoversthatlighttraveledfasterthansound.答案：C解析：本题综合考查时态搭配。①光速比声速快是绝对客观真理，从句固定用一般现在时travels，排除A、D；②discover是瞬间性动作，侧重过往的发现行为，多用一般过去时，不用现在完成时，排除B。仅有C选项时态搭配完全正确。一、单词拼写The______(鼓舞人心的)storymakesusfullofhope.

答案：inspiringWeall______(钦佩)thehard-workingscientistsaroundus.

答案：admireThat______(化学家)hasfoundanewkindofmaterial.

答案：chemistThegreat______(物理学家)spentallhistimeonspaceresearch.

答案：physicistPeople’slifehaschangedalotinone______(世纪).

答案：centuryYuanLongpingisa______(先驱)inhybridrice.

答案：pioneerItneedsgreat______(勇气)totellthetruth.

答案：courageBe______(勇敢的)whenyoumeettroubles.

答案：braveTheydolotsof______(科学的)experimentseveryweek.

答案：scientificThe______(探索)oftheuniverseneverstops.

答案：exploration二、单项选择

1.Thelittlescientist_fullofnewideaswhenhedoesexperimentsinthelab.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

答案：A

解析：固定搭配befullof；主语thelittlescientist是第三人称单数，后半句does为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。2.Ourheadteacheralwaysencouragesus__challengesbravelyinourdailystudy.

A.faceB.tofaceC.facingD.faced

答案：B

解析：固定短语encouragesb.todosth.（鼓励某人做某事），不定式todo作宾语补足语，因此选toface。3.It’swise__himtogiveupbadhabits.

A.forB.ofC.withD.at

答案：B

解析：It’s+形容人品质的形容词+ofsb.todosth.；wise（明智的）修饰人的品性，用介词of；修饰事情难易/重要性才用for。4.It’snecessary_studentstofinishhomeworkontimeeveryday.

A.ofB.toC.forD.in

答案：C

解析：necessary（有必要的）是形容“按时完成作业”这件事，不修饰人，使用句型It’s+事物形容词+forsb.todosth.，介词用for。5.Itwasamazingthattheresearcher__lotsofvaluableachievementsunderhardlivingconditionsyearsago.

A.makesB.madeC.makeD.willmake

答案：B

解析：主句Itwasamazing为一般过去时，that引导的主语从句时态和主句保持一致，用一般过去式made；yearsago也提示过去时间。6.Itisimportant__mostfarmersthatcropscangrowwellinwarmweather.

A.toB.forC.ofD.on

答案：A

解析：Itisimportanttosb.that从句，表示“在某人看来……很重要（主观观点）”；importantforsb.侧重“对某人身体/成长有益”，本句是农民的看法，用to。7.Thephysicistfoundthattheearth__aroundthesunallthetime.

A.moveB.movesC.movedD.willmove

答案：B

解析：地球绕太阳转是客观真理；宾语从句规则：从句为永恒真理时，不受主句过去时态影响，永远用一般现在时；主语earth单数，谓语用moves。8.Hefoundthatthiskindofanimal__onlyinthenorthofChinahundredsofyearsago.

A.livesB.livedC.liveD.willlive

答案：B

解析：从句内容“这种动物数百年前栖息在中国北方”是过去普通事实，不是客观真理，时态跟随主句found（过去式），用lived。9.Wecansee_rareplantseedskeptinthespecialseedbankaroundtheworld.

A.allkindofB.allkindsofC.akindofD.kindof

答案：B

解析：allkindsof+可数名词复数，意为“各种各样的”；A拼写错误（kind缺s）；akindof一种；kindof副词短语“稍微”，不符合句意。10.Thereis__usefulinformationaboutseedprotectioninthissciencebook.

A.allkindsofB.manyC.alotD.allkindof

答案：A

解析：information为不可数名词；allkindsof既可修饰可数复数，也可修饰不可数名词；many只能修饰可数名词复数；alot后必须加of；D形式错误。三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Weshouldkeeptheenvironmentingood(balance).答案：balanceThe(inspire)speechencouragedeverystudent.

答案：inspiringAllthestudents(admire)thosegreatpioneersfortheircourage.

答案：admireThewell-known(history)hasstudiedancientdynastiesfor30years.

答案：historianThatgreat(chemistry)discoveredanimportantchemicalelement.

答案：chemistThesoldiergotseriously(wound)intheterriblewar.

答案：woundedItis(necessity)forustolearnfrombravepeoplearoundus.

答案：necessary

Hisdreamofbeingabiologistfinal