艾米莉·狄金森

EmilyDickinson1.ThisIsMyLetterToTheWorld2.这是我给世界的信

这是我给世界的信

因为它从来不写信给我——

那是温柔崇高的存在

自然在把简单的信息诉说

她的信是交付给

一双我无法看见的手——

因为她的爱——亲切的同乡

——请温柔地评判我

3.OnPoetryPoetryshouldbepowerfulandtouching.Theinspirationofthepoetcamefromhisinnerworldorintensityofhisemotionsandthepastliterarytraditions.Poetryshouldexpressideasthroughconcreteimages.Itwasthepoet’sdutytoexpressabstractideasthroughvividandfreshimagery.Shewasagainsttherestrictionofthetraditionaldoctrinesandarguedforthedepictionofone’sinnerworld.4.StyleA:

Herpoemshavenotitles,hencethefirstlineofeachpoemisalwaysquotedasthetitleofeachpoem.B:particularstresspattern:dash“—”C:Capitallettersasameansofemphasis;D:Language:brief,direct,andplain;E:Poem:short,alwaysonoriginalimagesorsymbolsF:Conventionalmeters,iambictetrameter,off-rhymes.G:Shortpoeticlines,condensedbyusingintensemetaphorsandbyextensiveuseofellipsis.5.H:Regularmeter—hymnmeterandballadmeter,alsoknownasCommonmeterQuatrainsAlternatingtetrameterandtrimeterOften1stand3rdlinesrhyme,2ndand4thlinesrhymeiniambicpentameterVisualandaudibleeffects,greatimagination,sincereemotions.I:Herpoemstendtobepersonalandmeditative(e.g.“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”).6.ThemesDickinsonoftenbroughtdazzlingoriginalitytooverwroughttopics.LifeLoveNatureTimeandEternityDeathandMourningReligionandFaithIsolationandDepressionPoetryandLanguage7.要造就一片草原，只需一株苜蓿一只蜂一株苜蓿，一只蜂再加上白日梦有白日梦也就够了如果找不到蜂8.TomakeaprairieShebeginsbyclaimingthattomakeaphysicallylargeitem,“aprairie,”alloneneedsistwosmallphysicalitems,“acloverandonebee.”Thenshequalifiesthatbysaying,“Oneclover,andabee/Andrevery”;thenshequalifiesthatclaimfurther,bysayingifyoudon’thaveoneofthosephysicalcomponents,“bees,”(andbyimplication,thecloveraswell),thenyoucanstillmaketheprairiebyreveryalone.9.10.1. Onlythosewhodesiresuccessmostcantellhowsweetitis;andpeoplewhoeasilyobtainsuccesscanhardlyrealizewhatitreallymeans.2. Eventhoughtheold-timefighterscouldnottastethesweetnessofvictoryinalltheirlife,theyarethosewhoknowwhatsuccessreallyis.Comparedwiththepresenteasysuccesswinners,theydeservemorerespect.11.3. Inconsiderationofthepoet’slifeexperienceandhertemperament,hereinthispoemshemayimplyherdeterminationtopursueorquestheridealeventhoughhervaluewasnotrecognizedathertime.Thatistosay,shefirmlybelievesthatevenshewasregardedasaloserathertime(fewpoemswerepublishedinherlife),sheherselfclearlyknowswhereshestands.4. Inabroadersense,thelittlepoemcanserveasapieceofencouragementforthosewhoarestrugglingforandpursuingtheirdreamsandideals----ifwhatyouarefightingforismeaningful,don’tgiveup,nomatterwhattheresultis.Theeasysuccessisnotsosweet.12.I’mNobody!I'mNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thenthere'sapairofus!Don'ttell!they'dbanishus-youknow!我是无名之辈，你是谁？你,也是,无名之辈？这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！你知道，他们会大肆张扬！13.I’mNobody!Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做个，显要人物，好不无聊！像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——在整个六月，把个人的姓名聒噪——何等招摇！（江枫译）14.1.Whoarethe“they”inline4?The“admiringbog”inline8?

2.Doyouprefersolitudetopubliclife?Giveyourreasons.

Questions15.Metaphor/SimileMetaphor:Acomparison.Example:“Afrogisacelebrity.”Simile:Acomparisonusinglikeoras.Example:

“Howpublic—likeafrog…”16.

我是无名之辈，

我是无名之辈，你是谁？

你也是无名之辈？

那么，咱俩是一对——且莫声张！

你懂嘛，他们容不得咱俩。

做个名人多无聊！

象青蛙——到处招摇——

向一洼仰慕的泥塘

把自己的大名整天宣扬！）

（汪义群译孙梁校；《英美名诗一百首》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987）

Translation17.我是无名之辈!你是谁?我是无名之辈!你是谁?你也是无名之辈吗?那么我们为一对!别说!他们会传开去--你知道!多无聊--是--某某名人!多招摇--象个青蛙--告诉你的名字--漫长的六月--给一片赞赏的沼泽!18.CommentaryThispoemishermostfamousandmostplayfuldefenseofthekindofspiritualprivacyshefavored,implyingthattobeaNobodyisaluxuryincomprehensibletothedrearySomebodies—fortheyaretoobusykeepingtheirnamesincirculation,croakinglikefrogsinaswampinthesummertime.19.Comparison:Whitmanvs.DickinsonSimilarities: Thematically,theybothextolled,intheirdifferentways,anemergentAmerica,itsexpansion,itsindividualismanditsAmericanness,theirpoetrybeingpartof“AmericanRenaissance”. Technically,theybothaddedtotheliteraryindependenceofthenewnationbybreakingfreeoftheconventionoftheiambicpentameterandexhibitingafreedominformunknownbefore:theywerepioneersinAmericanpoetry.20.differences:Whitmanseemstokeephiseyeonsocietyatlarge;Dickinsonexplorestheinnerlifeoftheindividual.Whitmanis“national”inhisoutlook,Dickinsonis“regional”.Dickinsonhasthedirect,simplestylewhichWhitmandoesn’thave.21.WaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinsonWhitman,inhispoems,heexpressedhisstronglovetowardhiscountry,hisnationandhispeople,andheshowedgreatoptimismandconfidencetowardsthefutureofAmerica.22.BecauseEmilyDickinsonwithdrawherselffromthesocietyandlivedlikeahermit,anypoliticalandsocialthingsdidnotinfluenceher.shejustfocusedherattentionontheinnerworld.Herthemesrangedfromlove,death,religion,nature,immortality,painandbeauty,especiallyabouttheexplorationofdeath.Shewasapessimisticwriter.23.IDiedForBeautyButWasScarceIdiedforbeautybutwasscarce

Adjustedinthetomb,

Whenonewhodiedfortruthwaslain

Inanadjoiningroom.HequestionedsoftlywhyIfailed?

"Forbeauty,"Ireplied.

"AndIfortruth,thetwoareone;

Webrethrenare,"hesaid.Andso,askinsmenmetanight,

Wetalkedbetweentherooms,

Untilthemosshadreachedourlips,

Andcoveredupournames.24.Thespeaker:diedforBeautyamanlaidinatombnexttoher:diedforTruth.Whenthetwosoftlytoldeachotherwhytheydied,themandeclaredthatTruthandBeautyarethesamesoheandthespeakerwere"Brethren.""andtalkedasKinsmen"betweentheirtombsuntilthemossreachedtheirlipsandcoveredupthenamesontheirtombstones.25.bizarre,allegoricaldeathfantasyitsmannerofpresentationbelongsuniquelytoDickinson."BeautyisTruth,TruthBeauty"-----Keats,OdeonaGrecianUrn

themacabrephysicalityofdeath,thehighidealismofmartyrdom("IdiedforBeauty...OnewhodiedforTruth")acertainkindofromanticyearningcombinedwithlongingforPlatoniccompanionship("Andso,asKinsmen,metaNight--"),andanoptimismabouttheafterlife(itwouldbenicetohaveafriend)withterroraboutthefactofdeath(itwouldbehorribletolieinthecemeteryhavingaconversationthroughthewallsofatomb).26.Asthepoemprogresses,thehighidealismandyearningforcompanionship

graduallygivewayto

mute,colddeath,asthemosscreepsupthespeaker'scorpseandherheadstone,obliteratingbothhercapacitytospeak(coveringherlips)andheridentity(coveringhername).Theultimateeffectofthispoemistoshowthateveryaspectofhumanlife--ideals,humanfeelings,identityitself--iserased