高考语法考点一轮复习：阅读理解之推理判断题和主旨大意题（练习深剖）解析版

专题17阅读理解之推理判断题和主旨大意题——精讲深剖

（2019全国I卷B篇）

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChris

Palaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowould

enjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe,s,ncrvous.'Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should…"Christripsonthefdja.

pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativcEnglishspeakers.Histeacher；1hoinasWhaley,isnexttohim,

whisperingsupport.44...Votefbr...me../'Exceptfbrsomeslumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhe

bringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestof（heclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howat

（hebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogolothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholets

youmakemistakes.4ittakesalotfbranystudent,“Whaleyexplains,""especiallyfbrastudentwhoislearning

Englishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow."’

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedayto

raisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaysthe

projectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸

耀）aboulihemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,MWhaleysays,“isverydifficultfbrachildwhocameinto

theclassroomnotfeelingconfident?

本攵属于记叙文，讲述ThomasWhaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentssee（heirownstrengths

B.assessstudents'publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents'lovefbrpolitics

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeak

inpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.以及最后——段“boastingaboutyourself,andyour

bestqualities,“Whaleysays,“isverydifficultfbrachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.“可知，

这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有

信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignproject

whenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最后一段

Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的

时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。

humorous幽默的，ambitious有雉心壮志的;caring关心的：demanding要求高的。故选C。

（2019全国I卷D篇）

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学），1enjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmeto

keepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsand

coolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokes

onothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstcin,aprofessorofclinicalpsychology

sortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-others

qualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,juinp-slartinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployed

everafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbomofpowerand

evendishonorablebehavior.

EnviableasthecoolkidsmayEaveseemed.Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewho

werehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,arcumostlikelyto

engage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior."

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Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,the

mostlikedand（hehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteens

hadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearly

showedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofound（hat（hequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,

kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikahi.ityrelatedto

positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfor

learningandfbrnewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,hesaid.

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。

32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthor：nherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsand

jokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这

让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的：lonely

寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。

33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。第二段MilchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwo

categories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（临床心理学教授MilchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢

的人和追求地位的人是段落主题句，本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释，所以本

段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。

34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein,sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

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A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清

楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教及MitchPrinstein的研究表明，最有人望的

孩子适应性更强，故选B。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice-YouWon'tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeer

C.BetheBest-YouCanMakeII

D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对

人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。

(2019全国II卷C篇)

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherselfquietlyreadinghere-bookasshe

waitsfbrhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtePs"me"time.Andlikemore

Americans,she'snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfast

aloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74

percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

44Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?''Bcchtclsaid,lookingupfromherbook.

Bcchtcl,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,

toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingheronthe

shoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.4tToday,Ijustwantedsomelime(omyself,“shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover.AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathe

cansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewants(o

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havealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,“hesaid."It'sa

chanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.''

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketocatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhave

feltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepus

companyatthetable."Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebelorealtheadvancesintechnology,“saidLaurie

Demerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%

的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。

30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.

B.He'sfbndofthefoodatthebar.

C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper

withwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinleraciion.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛,因为

可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员

很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

【答案】A

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【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离•工

作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。

（2019全国II卷D篇）

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrow

uncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeach

week.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnot

justanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonand

DonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYcrk.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,

Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoa

solution（解决方案）."Wcdon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers/'says

FlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“Therearenotests,“Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,o:herthan4Are

youworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it's'I'vegottoproducetnisproductandthen,attheendofyear,

presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattime.It's

ahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.^^

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills."These

kidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.,'Andthatannoyingbacteria?Gordonsayshis

studentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把

空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。

32.WhatdowcknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

【答案】A

［解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacleriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganismsibnn

ourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaning

themupeachweek.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间

站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉，其中的“the

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microorganisms"包括"bacteria”。由此可知，A项符合题意。

33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthentcachcr-studcntrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents,communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASA

engineers.Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,...”可知，Hunch旨在把高中

教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌，…”。结合最后一段

中的“GordonstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,…”可知，学生每天都给NASA

的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCHprogram

的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.

B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.

C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.

D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍了HUNCH项目把如何杀死空叵站的细菌这一空间技术引入Gordon学校的

课堂，从而最终影响了大学入学。尤其是最后一段“HUNCHprogramhasanimpactoncollegeadmissionsand

practicallifeskills.“可知，本题的最佳答案为D。

（2019全国m卷B篇）

ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.

"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（来源）ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chief

creativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion（时尚）shows.

Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesof

China-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceof

Chineseaestheiics（美学）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.

Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.

"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarcthefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaigns

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thatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesev/omenarenotjustconsumersoffashion一

theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedby

China-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarcthemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,

JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Alhaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales/'addsHil.

ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaas(heleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."Themost

fairousdesignersareChinese,soare(hemodels,andsoare(heconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjust

anothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingabout

China-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinally

acknowledgingthatinmanyways.”

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了由国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多

方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld

B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork

C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics

D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题.根据文章第一,段chinaanditsculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforwesterncreations.

以及最后一段Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youarctalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,its

breathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."(如果你

今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特

如何最终在许多方面被认可。),结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”,

故选Do

(2019全国HI卷C篇)

Before(he1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10a

year.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomost

citizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,most

newspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Butthe

revolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

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Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.

Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaperperhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsingle

copiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesof

newspapersbefore1830,but(hisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.

Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplace

ineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-and

someoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic's

fancy,andsoontherewouldbepapeisthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企

Ik)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittle

desirelochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogel(heballrolling.

本文为记叙文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。

29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题.根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的.更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报

纸。结合第三段中间的"streetssalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplacedineasterncities”可知.报纸的街头

销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知C符合题，故选C。

31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.

【答案】A

［解析】推理判断题。第二段“Thutrend,then,was4pennypaper”'及最后一段“Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor

4themanonthestreet?didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalready

inbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafew

youthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.”可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝

试立即失败了。已经进入商业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才

推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是•个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A项符合题意，

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故选Ao

1.推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基础上，尽量考虑文中全部信息

或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，做出正确的推理和判断，从而理解文章的隐含意

义和深层意义。推理的原则是据文推理，合情推理，不可妄加推理，过度推理。

2.主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考杳考生略读文章、领会大意的

能力，也时考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求，文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提

炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归

纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。

【题型特点】

㈠推理判断题题干常用词

㈡推理判断题正确选项的特征

1.”立足原文，只推一步“，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

2.选项中i般不可以出现绝对概念，如only,never.all,absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，

会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,

probably等。

【方法技巧】

要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的

基础匕做出正确的推理和判断。

第一步依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源

推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过,,顺序

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原则”找到区域范围。如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全

文各个角落寻找答案。

第二步比对原文和选项进行推理甄选

要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿臆断。有的

题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考

生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案.

推理须知

1.直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

2.推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确逸项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。

3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的。

【考题印证】（2017•全国HI,B）

MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayalthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcorns

andgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepealedmanytimesinthe（heater's75-yearhistory.This

time,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofv/orkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroup

beganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforrhebuilding'send.

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30

yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary—eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheold

building.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetina

smalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthat

thetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason.uThisusedtobethecenteroftown,“hesaid."Nowtheareais

mostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”

Lastweeksoniccityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseum

andpublicmeetingplace.Ilowever,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthe

buildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethe

theaterislocated.

Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelast（ime.After75yearsthePlaza

Theaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.

文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的

不舍之情。

II

l.Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?

A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.

B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.

C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.

D.Itmarked（he75lhanniversaryofthethea,e.

【答案】B

【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句“Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,another

groupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationfbrthebuilding'send”可推断11,工人们清

理垃圾和清除座位及其'剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选Bo

3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?

A.Itwillberepaired.

B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.

C.Ilwillbeknockeddown.

D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.

【答案】C

【解析】考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地

建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?

A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.

B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.

C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.

D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.

【答案】B

［解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句"Thoughthemovieis30yearsold>mostofthe250seatswere

filledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheodbuilding”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电

影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句"Thetheaterwillbemissed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，

与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。

（2017•全国HLC）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Fourteenwolves

werecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrownto

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morethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,

buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappeared

fromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumans

around.

Thedisappearanceof(hewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulationsmajorfood

sources(来源)forthewolfgrev/rapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation［植被)，which

reducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.They

hopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteprob'ems.Manyfannersopposedtheplanbecause

(heyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroduce(hewolves.TheU.S.Fishand

WildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesover

hov/wellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversand

redfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologists

decidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文.在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公

园内生态的平衡。

7.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

A.Damagetolocalecology.

B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.

C.Prc'crvationofvegetation.

D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量显著增长，消耗了大量的植被，

减少了植物种类同时森林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼

对公园的生态环境产生了损害。故A正确。

二.主旨人意

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【题型特点】

(•)主旨大意题常见的命题方式

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

3.What'sthemainideaof(hetext?

4.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat.

㈡主旨大意题正确选项的特征

1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文。

2