六盘水市全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级练习试题库(2025年下半年)

六盘水市全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级练习试题库(2025年下半年)SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Theconceptofurbanagriculturehasevolvedfromanichehobbytoacriticalcomponentofurbansustainability.Inmoderncities,whereconcretejunglesdominatethelandscape,the1ofgreenspacesforfarmingisnotmerelyanaestheticchoicebuta2necessity.Urbanagricultureencompassesawidearrayofpractices,3fromsmallbackyardgardenstoexpansiverooftopfarms.Theintegrationofagricultureintotheurbanfabric4numerousbenefits,addressingfoodsecurity,environmentaldegradation,andsocial5.Historically,citiesandfarmsweredistinctlyseparate6.However,therapidurbanizationofthe20thcentury7amassivemigrationfromruraltourbanareas,8inadisconnectbetweenfoodproductionandconsumption.Today,withoverhalfoftheglobalpopulation9incities,theneedtolocalizefoodproductionhasneverbeenmore10.Urbanfarmssignificantlyreducethedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtofork,11knownas"foodmiles."Thisreductionintransportationnotonly12greenhousegasemissionsbutalsoensuresthatproducereachesconsumers13,retaininghighernutritionalvalue.Furthermore,urbanagricultureplaysavitalrolein14theurbanheatislandeffect,aphenomenonwherecitycentersexperiencesignificantly15temperaturesthansurroundingruralareasduetohumanactivitiesand16surfaces.Plantsnaturallycooltheairthroughaprocesscalled17,makinggreenroofsandurbangardenseffectivetoolsin18energyconsumptionforairconditioning.Themathematicalmodelrepresentingthiscoolingeffectcanbe19bytheequationQ=E×L,whereQrepresentstheheatenergyabsorbedbytheplant,Eistherateofevapotranspiration,and1.A.instructionB.introductionC.inductionD.intrusion2.A.strategicB.trivialC.flexibleD.redundant3.A.derivingB.rangingC.differingD.arising4.A.yieldsB.capturesC.submitsD.undergoes5.A.cohesionB.eruptionC.isolationD.eruption6.A.entitiesB.equivalentsC.dimensionsD.attachments7.A.triggeredB.terminatedC.discouragedD.stabilized8.A.imposingB.resultingC.culminatingD.originating9.A.residingB.depositingC.committingD.transferring10.A.urgentB.obsoleteC.ambiguousD.marginal11.A.commonlyB.formallyC.strictlyD.rarely12.A.boostsB.diminishesC.escalatesD.initiates13.A.prematurelyB.efficientlyC.freshlyD.artificially14.A.aggravatingB.mitigatingC.generatingD.tolerating15.A.lowerB.higherC.stableD.varied16.A.reflectiveB.absorptiveC.permeableD.transparent17.A.respirationB.photosynthesisC.evapotranspirationD.decomposition18.A.increasingB.reallocatingC.reducingD.measuring19.A.expressedB.impressedC.compressedD.suppressed20.A.inspiteofB.bymeansofC.onaccountofD.forthesakeofSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Thetelemedicinerevolutionhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofhealthcaredelivery,shiftingtheparadigmfromtraditionalin-personconsultationstovirtualencounters.Whiletheinitialadoptionoftelemedicinewassluggish,primarilyduetoregulatoryhurdlesandtechnologicallimitations,theglobalpandemicactedasapowerfulcatalyst,acceleratingitsintegrationintomainstreamhealthcaresystems.Today,telemedicineisnolongerjustatemporarystopgap;ithasbecomeapermanentfixture,offeringunparalleledconvenienceandaccessibility.However,thetransitionisnotwithoutitschallenges.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthe"digitaldivide."Whileurbanpopulationswithhigh-speedinternetanddigitalliteracycaneasilyaccesstheseservices,elderlypatientsandthoseinruralorlow-incomeareasoftenfindthemselvesmarginalized.Thelackofphysicalexaminationcanalsoleadtomisdiagnosesincertaincomplexmedicalcases.Physiciansmustrelyheavilyonpatientdescriptionsandvisualcues,whichmaynotalwayspaintacompleteclinicalpicture.Moreover,thelegalandethicalimplicationsoftelemedicinearestillbeingdebated.Dataprivacyisaparamountconcern.Healthdatatransmittedovertheinternetisvulnerabletobreaches,andensuringend-to-endencryptionisasignificantchallengeforproviders.Additionally,thequestionofmedicallicensingacrossstateornationalborderscomplicatesthedeliveryofcare.AdoctorinNewYork,forinstance,maynotbelegallypermittedtotreatapatientinLondonviaavideocall,unlessspecialcross-bordertelemedicinelicensesareobtained.Despitethesehurdles,thefutureoftelemedicineappearspromising.Innovationssuchaswearablehealthdevicesandartificialintelligence-drivendiagnostictoolsarebridgingthegapbetweenvirtualandphysicalcare.Patientscannowhavetheirheartrate,bloodoxygenlevels,andevenelectrocardiogramsmonitoredinreal-timeandtransmittedseamlesslytotheirhealthcareproviders.Astechnologyevolvesandregulatoryframeworksadapt,telemedicineispoisedtodemocratizehealthcare,makingitmorepatient-centricandefficient.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwasthemainreasonfortheslowinitialadoptionoftelemedicine?A.Lackofpatientdemand.B.Highcostsofmedicalequipment.C.Regulatoryobstaclesandtechnologicalconstraints.D.Resistancefromtraditionalmedicalinstitutions.22.The"digitaldivide"mentionedinparagraph2referstothegapbetween_____.A.urbanandruralhealthcarefacilitiesB.thosewhocaneasilyaccessdigitalservicesandthosewhocannotC.elderlydoctorsandyoungpatientsD.high-incomeandlow-incomehospitals23.Whatisamajorlegalchallengefortelemedicineprovidersmentionedinthetext?A.Obtainingmedicallicensesacrossdifferentregions.B.Payingforhigh-speedinternetinfrastructure.C.Convincingpatientstousewearabledevices.D.Trainingdoctorsinnewtechnologies.24.Howaretechnologicalinnovationsaddressingthelimitationsofvirtualcare?A.Byreducingthecostofmedicalconsultations.B.Byallowingdoctorstoperformphysicalexamsremotely.C.Byenablingreal-timemonitoringanddatatransmissionofvitalsigns.D.Byreplacinghumandoctorswithartificialintelligenceentirely.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftelemedicine?A.Skepticalandcautious.B.Optimisticbutrealistic.C.Highlycriticalanddismissive.D.Indifferentanduninvolved.Text2Theglobaltransitiontorenewableenergysources,particularlywindandsolarpower,iscentraltomitigatingthecatastrophicimpactsofclimatechange.However,theinherentintermittencyofthesesources—winddoesnotalwaysblow,andthesundoesnotalwaysshine—presentsaformidablechallengetogridstability.Toaddressthis,scientistsandengineersareincreasinglyturningtolarge-scaleenergystoragesolutions,withbatterytechnologyemergingasthelinchpinoftherenewableenergyrevolution.Amongthevarioustypesofbatteries,lithium-ionbatteriescurrentlydominatethemarket.Theyarelightweight,haveahighenergydensity,andboastarelativelylongcyclelife.Thefundamentalphysicsoftheiroperationcanbeunderstoodthroughtheelectricalpotentialdifferencetheycreate.TheenergyEstoredinabatteryisdirectlyproportionaltoitscapacityQanditsvoltageV,expressedbytheformulaE=Q×V.Consequently,researchersarerelentlesslysearchingfornewmaterialsthatcanincreaseDespitetheiradvantages,lithium-ionbatteriesarenotapanacea.Theextractionoflithiumandcobalt,essentialcomponentsofthesebatteries,raisessignificantenvironmentalandethicalconcerns.Miningoperationsoftenleadtowaterdepletion,soildegradation,andhumanrightsabusesindevelopingnations.Furthermore,theriskofthermalrunaway—aphenomenonwhereabatteryoverheatsandcatchesfire—posessafetyrisksthatrequirestringentmanufacturingstandards.Asaresult,alternativebatterytechnologiesaregainingtraction.Solid-statebatteries,forexample,replacetheliquidelectrolytefoundintraditionallithium-ionbatterieswithasolidone.Thisinnovationpromiseshigherenergydensity,fasterchargingtimes,andenhancedsafetybyeliminatingtheflammableliquidcomponent.Flowbatteries,anotherpromisingalternative,useliquidelectrolytesstoredinexternaltanks,makingthemhighlyscalableforgrid-levelstorage.Theycandischargeenergyformuchlongerdurationsthanlithium-ionbatteries,makingthemidealforbridgingthegapduringextendedperiodsoflowwindorsolaroutput.Theevolutionofbatterytechnologyisnotjustascientificendeavor;itisaneconomicandgeopoliticalimperative.Nationsthatleadthedevelopmentandmanufacturingofadvancedenergystoragesystemswillundoubtedlysecureadominantpositioninthefutureglobaleconomy,dictatingthepaceoftheenergytransitionandreapingtheeconomicrewardsofadecarbonizedworld.26.Whatistheprimarychallengeofwindandsolarenergymentionedinthetext?A.Theyaretooexpensivetoinstall.B.Theyrequiretoomuchlandspace.C.Theirenergyoutputisnotcontinuousorpredictable.D.Theyproducealotofpollutionduringoperation.27.AccordingtotheformulaE=A.Bydecreasingthecapacityandincreasingthevoltage.B.Byfindingmaterialsthatenhancethecapacity(Q)orthevoltage(V).C.Byreplacingtheliquidelectrolytewithasolidone.D.Bymakingthebatteriesphysicallylarger.28.Whatisamajorenvironmentalandethicalconcernassociatedwithcurrentlithium-ionbatteries?A.Thehighcostofrecyclingusedbatteries.B.Thepollutiongeneratedduringthemanufacturingprocessindevelopedcountries.C.Thedestructiveminingoflithiumandcobaltandassociatedhumanrightsissues.D.Thefrequentoccurrenceofbatteryexplosionsinconsumerelectronics.29.Whatisanadvantageofsolid-statebatteriesovertraditionallithium-ionbatteries?A.Theyarecheapertoproduce.B.Theyusealiquidelectrolytethatpreventsthermalrunaway.C.Theyofferhigherenergydensityandimprovedsafety.D.Theyarespecificallydesignedforsmallconsumerelectronics.30.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthedevelopmentofenergystoragetechnologyinthefinalparagraph?A.Itissolelyascientificchallengewithlittlereal-worldimpact.B.Itwilldetermineglobaleconomicandgeopoliticalleadershipinthefuture.C.Itisanimpossibletaskthatwilltakecenturiestoachieve.D.Itwillmaketraditionalenergysourcescompletelyobsoletewithinadecade.Text3Thegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasexperiencedexponentialgrowthoverthepastdecade.PlatformslikeUber,Upwork,andFiverrhavetransformedhowservicesarerenderedandconsumed,offeringworkersunprecedentedflexibilityandautonomy.Formany,theabilityto"beyourownboss"andsetone'sownhoursistheultimateprofessionaldream.However,beneaththesurfaceofthisapparentfreedomliesacomplexwebofeconomicandpsychologicalchallengesthatgigworkersfacedaily.Themostglaringissueisthelackoftraditionalemploymentbenefits.Unlikefull-timeemployees,gigworkersdonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,retirementcontributions,orworkers'compensationintheeventofaninjury.Thiscreatesaprecariousfinancialexistence,whereasingleaccidentorillnesscanleadtopersonalbankruptcy.Furthermore,theearningsofgigworkerscanbehighlyvolatile.Theyareatthemercyofalgorithmicmanagementsystemsthatfrequentlyalterpayratesandtaskallocationcriteriawithouttransparencyornegotiation.Psychologically,thegigeconomyfostersaprofoundsenseofisolation.Traditionalworkplacesprovidesocialinteraction,mentorship,andasenseofcorporatecommunity.Gigworkers,operatingasindependentcontractors,oftenmissoutonthesevitalhumanconnections.Theconstantpressuretosecurethenextgigcanleadtochronicstress,anxiety,andburnout.Thereisnoclearboundarybetweenworkandpersonallife;thesmartphone,whichservesastheprimarytoolforfindingwork,becomesaninescapabletethertothedigitalmarketplace.Legalandregulatoryframeworkshavestruggledtokeeppacewiththerapidexpansionofthegigeconomy.Thecorelegaldebatecentersonworkerclassification:aregigworkersindependentcontractorsoremployees?Platformsarguethattheirworkersareindependentcontractors,enjoyingthefreedomtochoosewhenandwheretowork.Laboradvocates,however,contendthattheseplatformsexertsignificantcontroloverworkers—settingprices,dictatingacceptablebehavior,andeventerminatingaccesstotheplatform—effectivelyfunctioningasemployerswithouttheassociatedresponsibilities.Thefutureofthegigeconomydependslargelyonhowsocietieschoosetoregulateit.Strikingabalancebetweenpreservingtheflexibilitythatattractsmillionstogigworkandprovidingthesocialsafetynetnecessarytoprotectthemfromexploitationisthechallengeofourtime.Solutionsmayincludeportablebenefitssystemsthatfollowtheworkerratherthantheemployer,ortheestablishmentofanew,thirdcategoryofworkerthatgrantsspecificrightswithoutfullemploymentstatus.31.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimaryattractionofthegigeconomyforworkers?A.Highandstableincomes.B.Comprehensivehealthbenefits.C.Flexibilityandautonomy.D.Opportunitiesforpromotion.32.Whatdoestheword"precarious"inparagraph2mostlikelymean?A.Safeandsecure.B.Highlyprofitable.C.Uncertainandrisky.D.Highlycompetitive.33.Whichofthefollowingisapsychologicalchallengefacedbygigworkers?A.Theyareforcedtoworklonghoursbytheiremployers.B.Theysufferfromalackofsocialinteractionandcommunity.C.Theyareconstantlymonitoredbytheircoworkers.D.Theyreceivetoomuchmentorshipfromplatformmanagers.34.Whatisthecentrallegaldebateregardingthegigeconomy?A.Whetherplatformsshouldbeallowedtooperateinternationally.B.Whethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasindependentcontractorsoremployees.C.Whethergigworkersshouldunionize.D.Whetherplatformsshouldlowertheircommissionrates.35.Whatissuggestedasapotentialsolutiontotheproblemsinthegigeconomy?A.Banningallgigeconomyplatforms.B.Forcingallgigworkerstobecomefull-timeemployees.C.Implementingportablebenefitssystemsorcreatinganewworkercategory.D.Allowingplatformstoself-regulatewithoutgovernmentinterference.Text4ThehistoricalnarrativeoftheSilkRoadhaslongbeendominatedbyromanticizedtalesofmerchantscarryingsilkandspicesacrossvastdesertsandovertoweringmountains.Whiletheeconomicexchangeofgoodsisanundeniableaspectofthisancientnetwork,adeeperhistoricalanalysisrevealsthattheSilkRoadwas,morefundamentally,asuperhighwayforthetransmissionofculture,technology,andideas.TheculturaldiffusionthatoccurredalongtheseroutesprofoundlyshapedthedevelopmentofcivilizationsacrossEurasia.OneofthemostsignificanttechnologicaltransfersalongtheSilkRoadwasthetransmissionofpapermakingfromChinatotheIslamicworldandeventuallytoEurope.BeforetheestablishmentofpapermillsinBaghdadinthe8thcentury,knowledgeinEuropewasprimarilyrecordedonpapyrusorparchment,bothofwhichwereexpensiveanddifficulttoproduce.Theintroductionofpaper,acheaperandmoredurablemedium,revolutionizedthepreservationanddisseminationofinformation,layingthegroundworkfortheEuropeanRenaissanceandtheScientificRevolution.Religionandphilosophyalsotraveledtheseroutes.Buddhism,originatinginIndia,spreadnorthwardintoCentralAsiaandeventuallyintoChina,profoundlyinfluencingthespirituallandscapeofEastAsia.ThetranslationofBuddhistscripturesintolocallanguagesnotonlyfacilitatedreligiousconversionbutalsostimulatedthedevelopmentoflocalliterature,art,andarchitecture.TheiconicBuddhistcavetemplesfoundalongtheSilkRoadinChinastandasatestamenttothisprofoundculturalsynthesis,blendingIndian,Persian,andindigenousChineseartisticstyles.However,thetransmissionofideaswasnotalwayspeacefulorbenign.TheSilkRoadalsoservedasavectorforthespreadofdiseases.TheBlackDeath,whichdevastatedEuropeinthe14thcentury,iswidelybelievedtohavetraveledalongtheSilkRoadfromCentralAsia.Themovementofmerchantsandtheiranimalsfacilitatedthespreadofpathogens,leadingtocatastrophicdemographicdeclinesthatreshapedthesocialandeconomicstructuresoftheaffectedregions.Inconclusion,viewingtheSilkRoadmerelyasacommercialtraderouteisanoversimplification.Itwasacomplex,multidirectionalnetworkofexchange.Whilesilkandspicesmayhavebeentheinitialeconomiccatalystsfortravel,itwastheintangiblecargo—knowledge,beliefs,andunfortunately,diseases—thatleftthemostenduringlegacyonhumanhistory.UnderstandingthismultifacetednatureoftheSilkRoadprovidesvaluableinsightsintohowcivilizationsinteract,adapt,andevolveovertime.36.Whatisthemainargumentoftheauthorinthefirstparagraph?A.TheSilkRoadwasprimarilyacommercialtraderoute.B.Silkandspiceswerethemostimportantitemstraded.C.TheSilkRoadwasfundamentallyanetworkforculturalandintellectualexchange.D.MerchantsweretheonlypeoplewhotraveledtheSilkRoad.37.Accordingtothetext,howdidtheintroductionofpaperaffectEurope?A.Itmadebooksmoreexpensive.B.IthinderedtheScientificRevolution.C.Itfacilitatedthepreservationandspreadofinformation.D.Itreplacedpapyrusbutwaslessdurable.38.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheBuddhistcavetemplesinChina?A.TheywerebuiltexclusivelybyIndianarchitects.B.Theydemonstrateamixtureofdifferentculturalartisticstyles.C.Theywereprimarilyusedforcommercialtransactions.D.TheyweredestroyedduringtheBlackDeath.39.Theword"benign"inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.harmfulB.beneficialandharmlessC.rapidD.intentional40.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyoftheSilkRoadtoday?A.Itisnolongerrelevanttomodernhistoricalresearch.B.Ithelpsusunderstandthecomplexprocessesofculturalinteraction.C.Itfocusesexclusivelyontheeconomicimpactoftrade.D.Itprovesthatglobalizationisamodernphenomenonwithnohistoricalprecedent.PartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestions41-45bycompletingthesentences.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Oceanacidificationisoftenreferredtoas"climatechange'seviltwin."Whilethewarmingoftheplanetduetogreenhousegasemissionsdominatespublicdiscourse,theabsorptionofcarbondioxidebytheworld'soceansposesanequallysevere,albeitlessvisible,threattomarineecosystems.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,theoceanshaveabsorbedapproximately30%ofthecarbondioxideemittedbyhumanactivities.Whilethishassignificantlyslowedtherateofglobalwarming,ithasfundamentallyalteredthechemistryofseawater.Whencarbondioxide(C)dissolvesinseawater(O),itreactstoformcarbonicacid(C).Thisaciddissociatesintohydrogenions()andbicarbonateions(HC).TheincreaseinhydrogenionslowersthepHoftheocean,makingitmoreacidic.Theseverityofthisacidificationcanbemathematicallymodeled.ThepHscaleislogarithmic,meaningadecreaseofonepHunitrepresentsatenfoldincreaseinhydrogenionconcentration.TherelationshipisdefinedbytheformulapH=−Themostimmediatebiologicalimpactofoceanacidificationisoncalcifyingorganisms.Creaturessuchascorals,oysters,clams,andsomeplanktonrelyoncarbonateionstobuildtheircalciumcarbonateshellsandskeletons.However,theexcesshydrogenionsreactwithcarbonateionstoformmorebicarbonate,reducingtheavailabilityofcarbonate.Thismakesitexceedinglydifficultfortheseorganismstobuildandmaintaintheirprotectivestructures.Inseverelyacidifiedwaters,existingshellscanevenbegintodissolve.Thedeclineofcoralreefsisparticularlyalarming.Reefsareoftencalledthe"rainforestsofthesea"duetotheirimmensebiodiversity.Theyprovidehabitatandfoodforaquarterofallmarinespecies.Ascoralsstruggletocalcify,reefsweakenanderode,leadingtothecollapseoftheentireecosystemthatdependsonthem.Thislosshasprofoundimplicationsforglobalfoodsecurity,asmillionsofpeoplerelyonreefecosystemsforprotein.Furthermore,oceanacidificationcanaffectthebehaviorofmarinelife.Studieshaveshownthatincreasedacidityinterfereswiththenervoussystemsofsomefish,impairingtheirabilitytodetectpredators,findfood,andnavigate.Thisphysiologicalandbehavioraldisruptionthreatenstounravelthecomplexfoodwebsthatsustainmarinelife,fromthesmallestplanktontothelargestwhales.41.Theworld'soceanshaveabsorbedabout________ofthecarbondioxideemittedbyhumanactivitiessincetheindustrialrevolution.42.AccordingtotheformulapH43.Thereactionbetweenexcesshydrogenionsandcarbonateionsreducestheavailabilityof________,whichisessentialforcalcifyingorganismstobuildtheirshells.44.Coralreefsarecalledthe"rainforestsofthesea"becausetheypossessimmense________andprovidehabitatforalargeportionofmarinespecies.45.Inadditiontodamagingshellsandskeletons,oceanacidificationalsointerfereswiththe________ofsomefish,affectingtheirsurvivalinstincts.SectionIIIWritingPartA46.YouareplanningtoapplyforavolunteerpositionattheupcomingInternationalCulturalExchangeExhibitioninyourcity.Writeanemailtotheorganizingcommittee.Youremailshouldinclude:1)yourintentiontoapplyforthevolunteerposition,2)yourqualificationsandrelevantexperience,3)youravailabletimeduringtheexhibitionperiod.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.PartB47.Belowisachartshowingthechangesintheprimarymodesoftransportationusedbyurbancommutersinamajorcitybetween2010and2020.Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould:1)describethechartbriefly,2)analyzethepossiblereasonsforthechanges,3)giveyourcommentsonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(ChartDescription:Year2010:PrivateCars45%,PublicTransit(Bus/Subway)35%,Bicycles/Walking20%Year2020:PrivateCars25%,PublicTransit(Bus/Subway)50%,Bicycles/Walking25%)AnswerKeyandExplanationsSectionIUseofEnglish1.B.introduction解析：此句意为“在混凝土丛林占据主导地位的现代城市中，为农业引入绿色空间不仅是一种美学选择，更是战略上的必然要求。”instruction指示，教导；induction归纳，诱导；intrusion闯入，侵扰，均不符合语境。故选B。2.A.strategic解析：结合上文，城市发展农业是一种“战略性”的必需，而非trivial（微不足道的）、flexible（灵活的）或redundant（多余的）的必需。strategicnecessity意为“战略上的必然要求”。故选A。3.B.ranging解析：rangefrom...to...是固定搭配，意为“范围从……到……”。这里指城市农业的形式多样，从小型后院花园到广阔的屋顶农场不等。derivefrom源自；differfrom不同于；arisefrom产生于，均不接from...to...结构。故选B。4.A.yields解析：将农业融入城市结构能“产生”许多益处。yield产生，得出；capture捕捉；submit提交；undergo经历。结合宾语benefits，yields最符合语义。故选A。5.A.cohesion解析：文章提到城市农业解决粮食安全、环境退化问题，并促进社会“凝聚力”。socialcohesion意为“社会凝聚力”，符合上下文语境。eruption爆发；isolation孤立，均不符合文章积极的社会意义。故选A。6.A.entities解析：从历史上看，城市和农场是两个截然不同的“实体”。entities实体；equivalents等价物；dimensions维度；attachments附件。entities在此指代独立存在的客观事物，最符合句意。故选A。7.A.triggered解析：20世纪的快速城市化“引发”了从农村向城市的大规模迁移。trigger触发，引起；terminate终止；discourage阻碍；stabilize稳定。根据词义和上下文逻辑，triggered为最佳选项。故选A。8.C.culminating解析：resultin导致；culminatein导致，终于（通常指达到一个最高点或最终状态）；imposing强加；originating起源。此处指大规模迁移“最终导致”了粮食生产与消费的脱节。culminatingin语气更强，体现历史演变的结果。故选C。9.A.residing解析：如今，全球超过一半的人口“居住”在城市。reside居住；deposit沉积；commit犯罪，致力于；transfer转移。residing最符合句意。故选A。10.A.urgent解析：随着大量人口居住在城市，实现粮食生产本地化的需求变得前所未有地“紧迫”。urgent紧迫的；obsolete过时的；ambiguous模糊的；marginal边缘的。urgent准确表达了这种需求的迫切性。故选A。11.A.commonly解析：这种减少运输距离的做法“通常”被称为“食物里程”。commonly通常地，普遍地；formally正式地；strictly严格地；rarely很少。commonlyknownas是常见搭配，表示“通常被称为”。故选A。12.B.diminishes解析：减少运输距离不仅能“减少”温室气体排放。diminish减少；boost促进；escalate升级，增加；initiate发起。根据语境，减少运输距离带来的环境影响是正向的，即减少排放。故选B。13.C.freshly解析：减少运输距离还能确保农产品“新鲜”送达消费者手中。freshly新鲜地；prematurely过早地；efficiently高效地；artificially人工地。结合上下文谈论的农产品，freshly最符合语义逻辑。故选C。14.B.mitigating解析：城市农业在“缓解”城市热岛效应方面发挥着至关重要的作用。mitigate缓解，减轻；aggravate恶化；generate产生；tolerate忍受。根据下文提到的降温作用，这里应为缓解热岛效应。故选B。15.B.higher解析：城市热岛效应是指城市中心的温度比周围农村地区“更高”。higher更高；lower更低；stable稳定的；varied多变的。根据热岛效应的定义，此处选higher。故选B。16.B.absorptive解析：城市中心温度更高是由于人类活动和“吸热”表面（如柏油路和混凝土）。absorptive吸收的；reflective反射的；permeable透水的；transparent透明的。城市表面容易吸收热量，故选B。17.C.evapotranspiration解析：植物通过一种叫做“蒸腾作用”的过程自然地冷却空气。respiration呼吸作用；photosynthesis光合作用；evapotranspiration蒸腾作用；decomposition分解作用。植物的降温作用主要来自水分的蒸发散失，即蒸腾作用。故选C。18.C.reducing解析：绿色屋顶和城市花园是“减少”空调能源消耗的有效工具。reduce减少；increase增加；reallocate重新分配；measure测量。植物能降温，因此能减少空调的使用能耗。故选C。19.A.expressed解析：代表这种冷却效应的数学模型可以由公式Q=20.B.bymeansof解析：通过“增加”植被覆盖（即提高E），城市可以大幅降低环境温度。bymeansof通过，借助于；inspiteof尽管；onaccountof由于；forthesakeof为了。此处表示通过某种手段达到目的。故选B。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21.C.Regulatoryobstaclesandtechnologicalconstraints.解析：细节题。根据第一段第二句“Whiletheinitialadoptionoftelemedicinewassluggish,primarilyduetoregulatoryhurdlesandtechnologicallimitations...”可知，远程医疗初期应用缓慢的主要原因是监管障碍和技术限制。C项符合文意。A、B、D项在文中均未提及。22.B.thosewhocaneasilyaccessdigitalservicesandthosewhocannot解析：推断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Whileurbanpopulations...caneasilyaccesstheseservices,elderlypatientsandthoseinruralorlow-incomeareasoftenfindthemselvesmarginalized.”可知，数字鸿沟指的是那些能够轻松获取数字服务的人（城市居民、有数字素养的人）与无法获取这些服务的人（老人、农村或低收入地区人口）之间的差距。B项概括最准确。23.A.Obtainingmedicallicensesacrossdifferentregions.解析：细节题。根据第三段最后两句“Additionally,thequestionofmedicallicensingacrossstateornationalborderscomplicatesthedeliveryofcare...”可知，跨州或跨国行医执照的获取是一个主要的法律挑战。A项符合文意。B、C、D项均不属于法律挑战范畴。24.C.Byenablingreal-timemonitoringanddatatransmissionofvitalsigns.解析：细节题。根据最后一段第三句“Patientscannowhavetheirheartrate,bloodoxygenlevels,andevenelectrocardiogramsmonitoredinreal-timeandtransmittedseamlesslytotheirhealthcareproviders.”可知，可穿戴设备等创新技术通过实时监测和传输生命体征数据来弥补虚拟护理的不足。C项符合文意。25.B.Optimisticbutrealistic.解析：态度题。文章最后一段提到