Unit 5 Developing ideas 课后强化提升练-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit5Developingideas一、单词拼写1.Emittingtoomuchgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxideliesatthe(根源)ofglobalwarming.

2.Currently,timely(发现)andisolationisstillthebestmethodtodealwiththenovelcoronavirusepidemicsituation.

3.Eachtimewesmoke,webreatheinaboutamillionparticlesforeachcubic(厘米).

4.Whencomputersarenetworked,theyareltogethersothatinformationcanbetransferredbetweenthem.

二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空drive...away;afterall;danceto;sidebyside;tinyamountsof1.Ithoughtyoumightknowtheexpert.,you'realsoafamouspersoninthisarea.

2.Fromthestudy,theresearchersconfirmthattheMartianatmospherecontainsonlywater.

3.PeoplebelievethatthetealeavespickedonthedayofGuyucanmakeeyesclearandbadluck.

4.Onfestivaldaystheygatherintheplazatothesoundofwoodenpipesanddrums.

5.Talkingtoeachother,thetwomenwalkedthroughthelonggallery.

三、阅读理解Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrass­eatinganimals.Hollyonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassmaycontainasandymaterial；eatingsuchgrasswearsdowntheanimals'teeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液)．Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.1．Theleavesofthehollyplanthavemorespinesonthelowerbranchesbecausemostanimals________.A．arenottallenoughB．likethelowerleavesonlyC．arenotcleverenoughD．cangetthelowerleaveseasily2．Todefendthemselves,oaktreesuse________.A．chemicalmeans B．physicalmeansC．bitterchemicals D．sandymaterials3．Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A．Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B．Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C．Itsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattacked.D．Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．PlantsandAnimalsB．HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC．AttacksandDefensesD．HowAnimalsEatPlants'Leaves四、阅读七选五Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.

Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4Thesynapses(突触)inthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.

IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemedtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.

A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.一、单词拼写1.root2.detection3.centimetre4.linked二、用方框内短语的适当形式填空1.Afterall2.tinyamountsof3.driveaway4.danceto5.sidebyside三、阅读理解1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.可知，冬青树底部叶子上的刺比上部多的原因是动物更容易够到底部的叶子。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.可知，橡树的叶子又厚又硬，很难被动物吃掉。所以橡树使用的是物理方法来保护自己。故B项正确。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstheroots