初升高英语暑假专项提升：高一英语必修第一册 Unit4 Natural Disasters（暑假单元自测）原卷版

Unit4NaturalDisasters单元自测卷（人教版）

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）

注意事项：

I.本试卷分第I卷（基础题）和第n卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考

证号填写在答题卡上。

2.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷

一.单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

l.Theeruptionofthis（火山）wouldbedestructive.

2.Therisingpriceoffuelislargelyaresultofanindependencebetween（供应）anddemand.

3.Thcyescapedthroughan（紧急）exitandcalledthepolice.

4.IfyouchooseanarticleinFrench,pleasestillwriteyour（概要）.

5.1triedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno（效果）.

6.Thepresidentwill（发表）aspeechoneducation.

7.Mymotheroftenremindsme「'Stay（镇静）“，andIneedthatadvicefrequently.

8.Mary（轻拍）herforeheadandlookedannoyedwithherself.

9.InthePacificsuchstormsarccallidcyclones（旋风）,whileintheAtlanticarctypicallycalled（飓风）.

lO.Theplane（坠毁）mysteriouslyneartheisland.

二.单词变形（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

1l.Ifcancersarespottedearly,thereisahighchanceof（survive）.

12.Thereisworldwideconcernaboutthe（destroy）oftherainforests.

13.1waslookingformyhandbag,which（bury）underapileofbooks.

l4.Thestreamhasfrozenupandyoucanseethefish（trap）intheice.

15.Thankstorecentresearch,（effect）treatmentsareavailable.

16.Wearemovedintoacabinwith（electric）butnorunningwater.

17.Thedambrokedownandasaresulttheland（flood）.

18.Hetellloo（shock）tomove.Hisworldhadbeenturnedupsidedown.

19.Dryhaircan（damage）bywashingittoofrequently.

20.MostpartsofAfricancountrieshavesufferedfrom（dry）inrecenlyears.

21.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygas（come）outofit.

22.Mikeranoutofthefieldslookingforplaces（hide）,andfishjumpedoutofthewaler.

23.Butcity'sonemillionpeople（be）asleepasusualthatnight.

24.Two（three）ofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.

25.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake（be）morethan400.000.

26.Water,foodandelectricitywerehard（get）.

27.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soikierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedand

（bury）thedead.

28.Indian（office）saidasmanyasL900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.

29.Another254werefound（die）inThailandand54inthreeothercountries.

30.InsouthernThailand.1.900people（hurt）andmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.

三,短语填空30分）

31.Strongwindsjustmostof（hedust.（吹散）

32.NowIcanwalktoworkgoingbycar.（代替，而不是）

33.ltyoudon'tknowaword,itin（hedictionary.（查阅）

34.Thecitypoliceroadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.（设立）

35.Inotherwords,youaretreating（heworkerstheyweremachines.（仿佛）

36.Shelookedatherson,waitingforhimtotellherthatshehadmisunderstoodeverything.（吃惊）

37.Thatafternoon,thesquirrelcametoourbackyard（像往常一样）

38.Thefirefightersthebigfire,thoughtheburningbuildingmightfalldownatanymoment.（7中进）

39.Earthquakescanleavecitiesandcountries.（废墟）

40.Peopleoftenhopeallgoodthingswon't.（结束）

第I【卷

四.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

IarrivedatthisvillageinAsiatwoweeksagowithagroupofclassmatesfromOhioUniversity.Youmight

haveseenthenewstalkingaboutthe41.Weareheretohelpthem42from（herecenttyphoon.

Althoughweweretoldwhatwemightexpect,itwasstillabit43togetusedtothegravity（严重

性jofthesituation.Forexample,wehaveto44watereverydaytohavesomethingsafetodrink.Also,

thereisnoextra45.sowehavetostayintents.Thereisalsono46.whichmeansthatthereare

norefrigeratorsorlights.Inadditiontoprovidingfoodforthe47,wemustalsofeedourselves,which

takessomecreativityaswemust48overafireandmostdaysseeaheavyrainfall.49,wehave

beenabletomakeadjustmentandaredoingwell.

Inadditiontohelping50thevillageandsavetheharvest,wehavealsobeendoing51

developmentwork.Thefarmersusedtogo（othewelleverymorningtoget52for（heirfields.Wehelped

53anewirrigationcanal（3霍:既渠），sonowwateringtheirfieldsis54.Hopefully,wecanworkon

other55toimprovetheinfrastructure（基础建设）ofthevillagebeforeweleave.

41.A.accidentB.disasterC.developmentD.behavior

42.A.recoverB.hearC.comeD.suffer

43.A.quickB.difficultC.surprisingD.strange

44.A.boilB.saveC.pourD.research

45.A.transportB.foodC.clothesD.housing

46.A.shopB.forestC.electricityD.atmosphere

47.A.reportersB.teachersC.soldiersD.villagers

48.A.playB.jumpC.cookD.sing

49.A.SuddenlyB.LuckilyC.GenerallyD.Actually

50.A.rebuildB.researchC.recordD.recommend

51.A.heavyB.rapidC.regularD.long-term

52.A.paperB.powerC.waterD.help

53.A.giveupB.putupC.pickupD.useup

54.A.easierB.busierC.slowerD.louder

55.A.slud沁sB.standardsC.projectsD.titles

五.阅读理解（满分40分）

A

CampusResourcesBookstore

Thebookstoressupplyrequiredandrecommendedtextbooks,referencematerials,andcollegesportswear.

Youcanbuyorrenttextbooks.AccessmoredetailsaboutthebookstoreonMyMacomb.

Locations:

SouthCampusKBuilding586.445.7385

CenterCampusPBuilding586.286.2093

Library

MacombCommunityCollege'sLibrarycollectionscontainprintandmultimediamaterialscoveringawide

rangeoftopics.Eachcampuslibraryfeaturesresourcesintheprogramareasofferedatthatlocation.Center

CampusfocusesonNursing,PublicSafety,andEarlyChildhoodEducation.TheSouthCampusLibraryhighlights

AppliedTechnology,MediaandCommunicationArts,andEngineeringTechnology.

Locations:

SouthCampusJBuilding586.445.7401

CenterCampusCBuilding586.286.21（）4

CollegeSuccessSkills-CSSK-1200

CSSKisathree-credit-hourcoursethatisopentoallstudents.Youwilllearnwhatittakestobeasuccessful

collegestudent,explorecampusresources,andconnectwithotherstudents.Youwillalsolearngoalsetting,study

strategies,timemanagementandeducationalplanning.

Career（职业）DevelopmentandDecisionMaking-LIFE-1010

LIFEisathree-credit-hourcourse.Itwillguideyoutoexploreyourinterests,personalityandvaluesas

they'relatetotheworldofwork.Thiscourseissuggestedifyouareundecidedonajobpath,orhaveideasabout

whatyouwanttodobutareunsurehowtogetthere.Inthisclassyouwilltourcompaniesandtalkto

professionalsindifferentindustries.

56.WherecanyougetmultimediamaterialsinEngineeringTechnology?

A.SouthCampusKBuilding586.445.7385B.CenterCampusPBuilding586.286.2093

C.SouthCampusJBuilding586.445.7401D.CenterCampusCBuilding586.286.2104

57.WhyisthecourseLIFEestablished?

A.Toguidestudentstoexplorecampusresources.B.Toinspirestudentstodevelopresearchinterests.

C.Toencouragestudentstoseteducationalplans.D.Tohelpstudentsmakesuitablecareerchoices.

58.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Acourseplan.B.Astudentguide.

C.Anacademicarticle.D.Acollegenewspaper.

B

Canyousurviveanunannouncedstorm?Althoughthereisexpertbroadcastingandweareequippedwith

cellphones,there5restillsomeexampleswhentheviolentweathertakesusbysurprise.

WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarning,sudden

CaribbeanandGulfofMexicohunicanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday'stime,endangeringeveryone

andeverythingintheirpath.

There'vebeenoilworkerstrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Fieldarcheologists(野夕卜考

古学家)havebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.Itwasn'tbutafewdecadesagothataTexas

NationalGuardgroupwas(rappedon(hebeachbyrain-forcedfloodingandhadtorideoutamajorhurricane

duringatrainingexercise.There'vebeenafewcaseswhentravellersweretrappedonanislandorinacoastalarea

andunabletoescapeinlime.

Escapingfromthestonn-threatenedareasisgenerallyachoicefbrmostofus—butnotforall.Eachyear

thousandsofislandersacrosstheCaribbeanfacethedangerofhurricaneswithoutsomuchasapublicshelterto

hicein.Mostrideoutthestormintheirhomes.

Butthere'reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselffbrsomeunexpectedemergencies.Beingprepared

fbrtheunexpectedmaybeyourbestandonlydefense.Ifyou'reheadedoutdoorsfbrafewdaysorweeks,you

shouldalwayscarryaflashlightwithextrabatteries,aGPSdevice,andabasicmedicalbox.Ifyou'retravellingin

yourcar,rememberyoumaysufferfromhighwinds.You'dbetternotstayinsidetoavoidbeingblownawayalong

withyourcar.Keepingyourheadandyourcourageupisimportanttosunivalinanytypeofdanger.Letcommon

senseguideyouandalwaysbepreparedfortheworst.

59.Accordingtothetext,mostAtlantichurricanes

A.formintheCaribbeanSeaB.conicfromGulfofMexico

C.developoffthecoastofAfricaD.arefromthePacificOcean

60.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thebadsituationsofoilworkers.B.Peopletrappedbysuddenstorms.

C.Thedangeroftravellingonanisland.D.TheTexasNationalGuardgroup.

61.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Togivesomeadvice.B.Toencouragetravelling.

C.Tostressthedangerofhunicanes.D.Togivesomewarnings.

62.Inwhichpartofawebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthetext?

A.Science.B.Sports.C.Life.D.Culture.

C

TheEarthishometomanyplaceswithextraordinaryandoftenextremeclimates,intheselocations,daily

lifeisshapedbytheneedtoadapttoharshenvironmentalconditions.Fromburningdesertstoice-bound

settlements,natureneverfailstoimpresswithitspoweranddiversity.

DeepintheSaharaDesertliesAraouane,Mali,amongthehottestplacesontheplanet.Summersare

extremelylongandtough-averagetemperaturescanhit46"C.Strongwindsregularlymoveacrossthedryland,

causingrepeatedsandstorms.Evenwithsuchintensesummerheat,thewinterseasonoffersmuchmilderweather

thatisidealforoutdooractivities.

AttheotherextremeisOymyakon,Russia,consideredoneofthecoldestinhabitedareasintheworld.

Winteilempeiatuiesusuallystayaround-50℃,andthelowesteveriecoidedwas-7I.2℃in1924.In(hedepthof

winter,daylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.Becausethegroundisicyallyear,localpeoplehave

developedadietthatincludesrawfish.Yetinsummer,theweather(urnssurprisinglywarmandwet—(hesummer

temperaturescangetupto34℃.

NotfarawayfromOymyakonliesVerkhoyansk,referredtoasthe“coldpole”.Itholdstherecordforthe

largestannualtemperaturerangeonEarth-anastonishing106℃.Wintersarcbitterlycoldandextended—

temperaturesinJanuarycanreachaslowas-70℃,whilesummerscanreach38℃.Thisareaalsooffersthe

uniqueexperienceofpolardaysandpolarnights.

Closertous,XininginChinaisknownforitssharpdailytemperaturechanges,particularlyinApril.A

warmafternoonmightseetemperaturesaround24C,perfectforlightclothing,butbynightfall,itcandropto

near0℃.makingheavycoatsnecessary.Thisquickchangeallowspeopletolivethroughtwodifferentseasonsin

justoneday.

63.WhatproblemdostrongwindsbringtoAraouane,Mali?

A.Theymakewinterweathermuchcolder.

B.Theycausefrequentsandstormsonthedryland.

C.Theyleadtoextremelyhighsummertemperatures.

D.Theydestroytheoutdooractivityareasinwinter.

64.WhydolocalpeopleinOymyakoneatrawfish?

A.Becauserawfishisdeliciousandpopular.

B.Becausethedaylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.

C.Becauseitisatraditionalfoodintheirculture.

D.Because(hegroundisfrozenthroughouttheyear.

65.WhatcanweinferfromthetextaboutXininginApril?

A.Thelowesttemperature.B.Lightclothingtowear.

C.Lightandheavyclothingtoprepare.D.Smalltemperaturedifference.

66.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.PlaceswithExtraordinaryandExtremeClimates.

B.People'sAdaptiontoExtremeClimates.

C.TheHottestandColdestPlacesonEarth.

D.TemperatureChangesAroundtheWorld.

D

From2025to2026,theglobalclimatehasshownanincreasinglyunstabletrend,withfrequentextreme

weathereventssuchassuddenheavyrainstorms,prolongedhightemperatures,rarecoldwavesandstrong

unstablestormyweathersweepingacrossmanyregions.Theseclimatedisastershavecausedhugelossesto

people'slivesandproperty,making"'adaptationtoextremeclimateandscientificsurvival”ahottopicwidely

discussedbythepublicin2026.

Facedwithfrequentextremeweather,somepeopleholdanegativeattitude,believingthatindividualpower

istoosmalltoresistnaturaldisasters,sotheydonothingtoprepare.1hiskindofthoughtisextremelydangerous.

Infact,everyindividualcantakesimpleandeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.For

instance,familiescanpreparespecialemergencysurvivalsuppliescontainingbottledwater,compressedbiscuits,

flashlights,batteries,first-aidsuppliesandwarmblankets,whichcansupportlifefor3to5dayswhentrappedby

disasters.

Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividual

subjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyrolein

disasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individual

survivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.Forexample,inthesuddenurban

floodingcausedbyheavyrain,peoplewhoknowtoavoidlowlandareas,undergroundspacesandfast-flowing

waterarefarlesslikelytobeindanger.

Scientificsurvivalinthecontextofextremeclimaterequiresthejointeffortsofindividuals,communities

andthegovernment.Individualsshouldtaketheinitiativetolearnclimatesurvivalknowledgeandparticipatein

communityemergencytraining;communitiesshouldestablishdisasterearlywarningmechanismsandsetclear

escaperoutesandshelters;thegovernmentshouldstrengtheninfrastructureconstructiontoresistdisastersand

spreadusefullife-savingknowledgethroughmedia,communitiesandschools.

Extremeclimateisaseverechallengefacedbyallmankind,butitisnotunconquerable.Aslongas

everyoneestablishesasenseofcrisis,mastersscientificsurvivalmethods,andmakessufficientpreparations,we

cangreatlyreducetheharmcausedbyextremeweather.Protectingourselvesinextremeclimateisnotonly

responsibleforourownlives,butalsoakindofsocialresponsibilitytomaintainsocialstability.

67.Whatextremeweatherphenomenaarementionedinthetext?

A.Earthquakesandtsunamis.B.Heavyrainstormsandhightemperatures.

C.Volcaniceruptionsandmudslides.D.Sandstormsanddroughts.

68.Whydoestheauthorthinkrelyingonlyongovernmentrescueisnotenough?

A.Governmentrescueisofteninefficient.

B.Governmentrescuecannotcoveralldisasterareas.

C.Rescueteamsneedtimetoarrive,andindividualskillsmatterduringthisperiod.

D.Modemtechnologyismorereliablethangovernmentrescue.

69.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsdealingwithextremeclimatedisasters?

A.Pessimistic.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.

7().Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ExtremeClimate:AGlobalDisaster.

B.IndividualPreparation:KeytoSurvivalinExtremeWeather.

C.GovernmentRescue:TheOnlyHopeforDisasters.

D.ChallengesofGlobalClimateChange.

E

Forthousandsofyears,firehasbeenaregularnaturalprocessinAustralia,shapingthelandscapeand

impactingtheevolution(进化)ofitsspecies.71Thatistosay,firehasbecomeafundamentalecological

force.

Australia'stendencyforseverebushfiresisacombinationofclimate,landscape,andignitionsources.The

continentisnaturallyhotanddry.72Thus,foreststhereareexceptionallyflammable(易燃的).Strong

windsalsoplayapart,carryingburningpieceslongdistancestostartnewfiresfaraheadof(hemainfront.

73Manyofthenativeplants,particularlythedominanteucalyptusforests,arenaturallyflammable.

Eucalyptustreesarerichinvolatile(挥发的)oils(hatcantumintogasathightemperatures,creatingahighly

flammableatmosphere.Thesetreesalsodroplargeamountsofbarkandleaves,whichbuildupontheforestfloor

asathicklayeroffuel.

Thefinalelementisthesourcethatstartsbushfires.Bushfirescanstartfromnaturalcauses,withlightning

strikesbeingthemostcommonduringdrythunderstorms.74Thesecanrangefromaccidentalevents

likesmallburningpiecesfrommachineryorfallenpowerlines,tocarelesslymanagedcampfires,andalsoinclude

actsofsellingfiresonpurpose.

Theecologicalharmofseverebushfiresishuge,affectingwildlife,plantlife,andthebroaderenvironment.

Foranimals,theimmediateimpactisoftendeadly,asfast-movingfiresendangermobilespecies.Theeffectscan

hedisastmns,assurvivorsfacealandscapelackingfoodandshelter.75

A.Australiahasahighforestcoveragerate.

B.Australianplantsandanimalscansurvivefires.

C.FirehaslongbeenpartofAustralia'senvironment.

D.Thatm