2025年下半年湛江全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库

2025年下半年湛江全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库一、听力理解（共20题，每题1分，共20分）第一部分：短对话理解1.Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthemeeting?A.Ithasbeencanceled.B.Itwillbeheldasscheduled.C.Ithasbeenpostponedtonextweek.D.Itwillbemovedtoanotherroom.答案C2.Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.D.Inapostoffice.答案A3.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardthenewpolicy?A.Hestronglysupportsit.B.Heisindifferenttoit.C.Hehassomereservationsaboutit.D.Heiscompletelyopposedtoit.答案C4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gototheairport.B.Calltheman'sassistant.C.Rescheduleherflight.D.Cancelherappointment.答案B5.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Takeadifferentcourse.B.Talktoherprofessor.C.Dropthecourseimmediately.D.Waituntilnextsemester.答案B第二部分：长对话理解Questions6-10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.6.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Jobinterviewpreparation.B.Universityadmissionrequirements.C.Thewoman'sresearchproject.D.Arecentconferencetheybothattended.答案A7.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthecompany?A.Itisasmallstart-upcompany.B.Itfocusesonenvironmentaltechnology.C.Ithasbeenoperatingforover30years.D.Itiscurrentlyundergoingfinancialdifficulties.答案C8.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetheman?A.Topreparealistofquestionstoask.B.Toresearchthecompany'scompetitors.C.Toarriveatleast30minutesearly.D.Todressformallyfortheinterview.答案A9.Whatdoesthemanneedtodobeforetheinterview?A.Sendathank-younote.B.Completeawrittentest.C.Prepareapresentation.D.Submitadditionaldocuments.答案D10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Professorandstudent.B.Employerandapplicant.C.Classmates.D.Colleagues.答案C第三部分：短文理解Questions11-15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromoteanewbook.B.Tointroducearesearchfinding.C.Todescribeahistoricalevent.D.Toexplainascientifictheory.答案B12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthekeyfactorintheresearch?A.Thesamplesizeofthestudy.B.Theagerangeofparticipants.C.Thedurationoftheobservation.D.Themethodofdatacollection.答案D13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindabouttheparticipants?A.Theyshowedconsistentimprovement.B.Theyreportedvarioussideeffects.C.Theyrespondeddifferentlytothetreatment.D.Theydroppedoutofthestudyatahighrate.答案C14.Whatistheimplicationofthefindings?A.Theresultsneedfurtherverification.B.Thetreatmentshouldbediscontinued.C.Thestudyshouldbeexpandedtoothercountries.D.Theparticipantsshouldcontinuethetreatment.答案A15.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydiscussnext?A.Thelimitationsofthestudy.B.Thefundingsourcesoftheresearch.C.Thebiographiesoftheresearchers.D.Thedetailsoftheexperimentaldesign.答案A第四部分：观点态度理解16.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardonlineeducation?A.Enthusiastic.B.Skeptical.C.Neutral.D.Ambivalent.答案D解析短文中speaker既肯定了在线教育的便利性和灵活性，又担忧其缺乏互动性和自律要求，表现出矛盾心态，因此选择"Ambivalent"（矛盾的）。17.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthespeaker'sviewonenvironmentalprotection?A.Itshouldbeprioritizedovereconomicdevelopment.B.Itrequiresinternationalcooperation.C.Itistheresponsibilityofindividualsonly.D.Itistoocostlytoimplementindevelopingcountries.答案B18.Whatdoesthespeakerbelieveabouttheroleoftechnologyineducation?A.Itshouldreplacetraditionalteachingmethods.B.Itisausefulsupplementtoclassroomteaching.C.Ithashadlittleimpactonstudentperformance.D.Itismosteffectiveforsciencesubjects.答案B19.Whatisthespeaker'sopiniononthecompany'sdecision?A.Itisreasonableundercurrentcircumstances.B.Itistoohastyandpoorlyplanned.C.Itisbeneficialforlong-termdevelopment.D.Itislikelytofacestrongopposition.答案A20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkaboutthenewpolicy?A.Itwillbedifficulttoimplement.B.Itisapositivestepforward.C.Itneedsfurtherrevision.D.Itwillhaveunintendedconsequences.答案B二、英语知识运用（共20题，每题1分，共20分）第一部分：单项填空1.Theresearchteamhasbeenworkingonthisprojectforthreeyears,andtheireffortsarefinallybeginningto______.A.payoffB.paybackC.payupD.payout答案A解析payoff意为"取得成功，奏效"，符合语境"努力终于开始见效"。payback表示"偿还；报复"；payup表示"付清欠款"；payout表示"支出，付出"。2.______theeconomiccrisis,manysmallbusinesseshavebeenforcedtoclosedown.A.InthewakeofB.InthelightofC.InthefaceofD.Intheeventof答案A解析inthewakeof意为"紧随……之后，作为……的结果"，符合题意"随着经济危机，许多小企业被迫倒闭"。inthelightof表示"鉴于"；inthefaceof表示"面对"；intheeventof表示"如果……发生"。3.Onlywhenthecountry'sinfrastructureismodernized______attractmoreforeigninvestment.A.itcanB.canitC.itwillD.willit答案B解析"only+状语从句"置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即"情态动词+主语+动词原形"，故选B。注意can与will的区分：can表示"能够"，will表示"将会"，此处强调"能够吸引"更合适。4.Theprofessorrecommendedthateachstudent______aresearchproposalbeforetheendofthesemester.A.submitsB.submittedC.submitD.wouldsubmit答案C解析recommend后接that从句时，从句谓语动词使用虚拟语气，即"should+动词原形"，should可省略。因此选C。5.______fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookslikeabeautifulpatchworkoflights.A.SeeingB.SeenC.ToseeD.Havingseen答案B解析句子的主语是thecity，与see是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作状语，表示"从山顶看下来"。故选B。6.Itwasnotuntilthe18thcentury______theIndustrialRevolutionbeganinBritain.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.as答案B解析这是一个强调句型"Itwas+被强调部分+that+其他部分"。被强调部分是"notuntilthe18thcentury"，所以用that连接。7.Thenewevidencecastdoubtonthe______thatthediseasewascausedbyavirus.A.hypothesisB.synthesisC.diagnosisD.prognosis答案A解析hypothesis意为"假说，假设"，符合语境"新证据使人们对该病由病毒引起的假说产生了怀疑"。synthesis意为"综合"；diagnosis意为"诊断"；prognosis意为"预后，预测"。8.______theheavyrain,theoutdoorconcertwasheldasplanned.A.RegardlessofB.InspiteofC.OnaccountofD.Bymeansof答案B解析inspiteof意为"尽管"，表示让步关系，符合题意"尽管下大雨，户外音乐会仍按计划举行"。regardlessof意为"不顾"；onaccountof意为"因为"；bymeansof意为"通过……方式"。9.Thecommitteeisexpectedto______adecisionontheproposalwithintwoweeks.A.arriveatB.setaboutC.putforwardD.carryout答案A解析arriveatadecision为固定搭配，意为"做出决定"。setabout意为"开始做"；putforward意为"提出"；carryout意为"执行"。10.______therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence,manytraditionaljobsareatriskofbeingautomated.A.GivenB.ConsideringC.RegardingD.Providing答案A解析given在此处意为"鉴于，考虑到"，是介词用法，后接名词短语，符合语境"鉴于人工智能的快速发展"。considering也可表示"考虑到"，但通常后接从句或动名词短语；regarding意为"关于"；providing意为"假如"。第二部分：完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingchallengesfacinghumanityinthe21stcentury.TheEarth'saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyapproximately1degreeCelsiussincepre-industrialtimes,andtheconsequencesarebecomingincreasingly(11)______.Scientistswarnthatwithoutimmediateandsustainedaction,theimpactonecosystems,economies,andhumansocietiescouldbecatastrophic.Theprimarycauseofthiswarmingtrendistheburningoffossilfuels,whichreleaseslargeamountsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasestrapheatthatwouldotherwiseescapeintospace,creatinga"greenhouseeffect"that(12)____theplanet.WhilethegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessessentialforlifeonEarth,humanactivitieshave(13)____acceleratedittodangerouslevels.Inresponsetothiscrisis,governmentsaroundtheworldhavecommittedtoreducingtheircarbonemissions.TheParisAgreement,signedin2015,setsambitioustargetsforlimitingglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsius(14)____pre-industriallevels.However,meetingthesetargetswillrequireunprecedented(15)____incleanenergytechnology,energyefficiency,andsustainablelanduse.Individualactionsalsomatter.Reducingenergyconsumption,choosingrenewableenergysources,andsupportingclimate-friendlypoliciesareallmeaningfulsteps.Yetexperts(16)______thatindividualeffortsaloneareinsufficient;systemicchangeatthecorporateandgovernmentallevelsisequallycritical.Thetransitiontoalow-carboneconomypresentsboth(17)____andopportunities.Itmayleadtojoblossesintraditionalindustriessuchascoalmining,butitalsocreatesnewemploymentinsectorslikesolarandwindenergy.Moreover,investingingreentechnologiescan(18)____economicgrowthwhilereducingenvironmentalharm.Despitethechallenges,thereisreasonforoptimism.Advancesinsolarandwindpowerhavemaderenewableenergyincreasinglyaffordable,andmanycountriesarenow(19)____tophaseoutinternalcombustionengines.Aspublicawarenessgrowsandpoliticalwillstrengthens,theprospectofasustainablefuturebecomesmore(20)____.11.A.apparentB.ambiguousC.negligibleD.controversial答案A解析根据上下文，气候变化的后果变得越来越明显（apparent）。ambiguous意为"模糊的"；negligible意为"微不足道的"；controversial意为"有争议的"，均不符合语境。12.A.coolsB.warmsC.stabilizesD.balances答案B解析温室效应使地球变暖（warms）。cools意为"冷却"；stabilizes意为"稳定"；balances意为"平衡"，均不符合语境。13.A.deliberatelyB.accidentallyC.dramaticallyD.accidentally答案C解析人类活动大幅（dramatically）加速了温室效应。deliberately意为"故意地"；accidentally意为"意外地"，均不符合语境。14.A.aboveB.belowC.atD.beyond答案A解析巴黎协定的目标是将全球变暖限制在比工业化前水平高出（above）远低于2摄氏度的水平。15.A.investmentsB.reductionsC.regulationsD.negotiations答案A解析实现这些目标需要在清洁能源技术等方面进行前所未有的投资（investments）。reductions意为"削减"；regulations意为"规定"；negotiations意为"谈判"，均不符合语境。16.A.doubtB.emphasizeC.denyD.question答案B解析专家强调（emphasize）仅靠个人努力是不够的。doubt意为"怀疑"；deny意为"否认"；question意为"质疑"，均不符合语境。17.A.challengesB.benefitsC.solutionsD.obstacles答案A解析向低碳经济转型既带来挑战（challenges）也带来机遇。benefits意为"益处"；solutions意为"解决方案"；obstacles意为"障碍"，不符合原文"both...andopportunities"的对比结构。18.A.hinderB.stimulateC.sacrificeD.limit答案B解析投资绿色技术可以刺激（stimulate）经济增长。hinder意为"阻碍"；sacrifice意为"牺牲"；limit意为"限制"，均不符合语境。19.A.hesitantB.unwillingC.committedD.reluctant答案C解析许多国家现在致力于（committedto）淘汰内燃机。hesitant意为"犹豫的"；unwilling意为"不情愿的"；reluctant意为"勉强的"，均与语境相反。20.A.distantB.uncertainC.tangibleD.remote答案C解析随着公众意识的提高和政治意愿的增强，可持续未来的前景变得更加切实可行（tangible）。distant意为"遥远的"；uncertain意为"不确定的"；remote意为"遥远的"，均不符合语境。三、阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，共40分）第一部分：篇章阅读理解Passage1Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthedigitalage,thewaywereadhasundergoneaprofoundtransformation.Theriseofe-booksandaudiobookshaschallengedthedominanceoftraditionalprintmedia,leadingtowidespreaddebateaboutthefutureofreading.Whilesomecelebratetheconvenienceandaccessibilityofdigitalreading,othersexpressconcernaboutitsimpactonourcognitiveabilitiesandattentionspans.Researchonthedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadinghasproducedmixedresults.Somestudiessuggestthatreadersofprintmaterialsdemonstratebettercomprehensionandretentioncomparedtothosewhoreadonscreens.A2019studypublishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfoundthatparticipantswhoreadashortstoryonpaperperformedsignificantlybetteronatestofdetailrecallthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryonatablet.Theresearchershypothesizedthatthephysicalityofprint—theabilitytofeelthepages,toseeone'sprogressinthebook—providesspatialcuesthataidmemory.However,otherresearchersarguethattheapparentadvantagesofprintmaybediminishingasdigitaltechnologyimproves.Moderne-readers,withtheirhigh-resolutiondisplaysandadjustablefonts,havenarrowedthegapinreadingexperience.Moreover,digitaltextsofferuniquefeaturessuchasinstantdictionarylookup,annotationtools,andsynchronizedaudio,whichcanenhancecomprehensionforcertainreaders,particularlylanguagelearnersandpeoplewithvisualimpairments.Thedebateextendsbeyondcognitiveperformancetobroaderculturalconcerns.Criticsofdigitalreadingarguethatitpromotesfragmented,skimming-stylereadingattheexpenseofdeep,sustainedengagementwithtexts.Theyworrythattheconstantnotificationsandhyperlinksindigitalenvironmentsdistractreadersandunderminetheirabilitytofocus.Supporterscounterthatdigitalreadinghasdemocratizedaccesstoinformation,enablingpeopleinremoteareastoaccessvastlibrariesandfacilitatingnewformsofcollaborativereadingandannotation.Perhapsthemostbalancedperspectiveisthatdifferentformatsservedifferentpurposes.Printmaybebettersuitedfordeep,focusedreadingofcomplextextssuchasacademicarticlesorliteraryworks.Digitalreading,ontheotherhand,excelsinsituationswheresearchability,portability,andinteractivityarevalued.Formanyreaders,thechoicebetweenprintanddigitalisnotazero-sumdecisionbutamatterofmatchingtheformattothetaskathand.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,theboundariesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingarelikelytoblurfurther.Emergingtechnologiessuchasaugmentedrealityandinteractivee-bookspromisetocreatereadingexperiencesthatareradicallydifferentfrombothtraditionalprintandcurrentdigitalformats.Whethertheseinnovationswillenhanceordiminishthequalityofourreadingexperiencesremainsanopenquestion.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Thehistoryofprintingtechnology.B.Thecomparisonbetweenprintanddigitalreading.C.Thefutureoflibrariesinthedigitalage.D.Theimpactoftechnologyonbookpublishing.答案B解析全文围绕纸质阅读与数字阅读的对比展开，包括两者的优劣势、研究证据以及未来发展，故选B。2.Accordingtothe2019study,whydidprintreadersperformbetteronthedetailrecalltest?A.Theyhadmoretimetoreadthestory.B.Theyweremoremotivatedtorememberdetails.C.Thephysicalityofprintprovidedspatialcuesthataidedmemory.D.Thetabletusedinthestudyhadapoor-qualitydisplay.答案C解析第二段明确指出"thephysicalityofprint—theabilitytofeelthepages,toseeone'sprogressinthebook—providesspatialcuesthataidmemory"，故选C。3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafeatureofdigitaltexts?A.Instantdictionarylookup.B.Annotationtools.C.Synchronizedaudio.D.Text-to-speechconversioninmultiplelanguages.答案D解析第三段提到了instantdictionarylookup、annotationtools、synchronizedaudio，但未提到多语言文本转语音功能，故选D。4.Whatconcerndocriticsofdigitalreadingraise?A.Digitalreadingistooexpensiveformostpeople.B.Digitalreadingpromotesfragmentedandskimming-stylereading.C.Digitalreadingisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Digitalreadingisdifficultforelderlypeople.答案B解析第四段提到"Criticsofdigitalreadingarguethatitpromotesfragmented,skimming-stylereadingattheexpenseofdeep,sustainedengagementwithtexts"，故选B。5.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardtheprint-digitaldebate?A.Printreadingisclearlysuperior.B.Digitalreadingisthefuture.C.Differentformatsservedifferentpurposes.D.Thedebateisirrelevantandunproductive.答案C解析第五段表明作者持平衡观点："differentformatsservedifferentpurposes"，故选C。Passage2Questions6-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"gigeconomy"hasbecomeoneofthedefininglabormarkettrendsofthe21stcentury.Characterizedbyshort-term,flexiblejobsmediatedbydigitalplatformssuchasUber,Deliveroo,andUpwork,thegigeconomyhasattractedmillionsofworkersworldwide.Itsproponentspraisetheflexibilityandautonomyitoffers,whilecriticspointtothelackofjobsecurity,benefits,andlaborprotections.Theterm"gig"originallyreferredtoasinglemusicalperformance,evokingtheideaofshort,one-offengagementsratherthanlong-termemployment.Inthemoderneconomy,gigscanrangefromdrivingpassengerstotheirdestinationstofreelancegraphicdesignprojectstoonlinetutoringsessions.Whatunitesthesediverseactivitiesistheircontractualarrangement:workersareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichexemptscompaniesfromobligationssuchasminimumwageguarantees,paidsickleave,andemployercontributionstosocialsecurity.Formanyworkers,particularlystudents,retirees,andthoseseekingsupplementaryincome,theflexibilityofgigworkisasignificantadvantage.Theabilitytosetone'sownschedule,choosethenumberofhourstowork,andengageinmultipleincome-generatingactivitiessimultaneouslyappealstothosewhovalueautonomyoverstability.Moreover,digitalplatformshaveloweredbarrierstoentry,allowingpeoplewithlimitedcapitalorformalqualificationstoearnincomequickly.However,thedisadvantagesareequallyreal.Gigworkersoftenearnlessthantheminimumwagewhenunpaidwaitingtimeandplatformcommissionfeesarefactoredin.Theyarealsoineligibleforunemploymentinsurance,healthbenefits,andpensionplansthattraditionalemployeestakeforgranted.Furthermore,thealgorithm-drivennatureofplatformworkcanbeopaque,withworkershavinglittlerecoursewhentheyaresuddenlydeactivatedfromaplatformorwhentheirpayisadjustedwithoutexplanation.Governmentsaroundtheworldaregrapplingwithhowtoregulatethegigeconomy.Somejurisdictionshaveenactedlegislationreclassifyingcertaingigworkersasemployees,grantingthemaccesstolaborprotections.Othershaveproposedcreatinganew"thirdcategory"ofworkerthatwouldreceivesomebutnotalloftherightsoffullemployees.Thechallengeliesinbalancingtheneedforworkerprotectionwiththepreservationoftheflexibilitythatmakesgigworkattractive.Thefutureofthegigeconomyislikelytobeshapedbyacombinationofregulatoryreform,technologicalinnovation,andcollectiveactionbyworkersthemselves.Somegigworkershaveformedunionsorcooperativestobargainforbetterconditions,whileothershavelaunchedappsdesignedtocompetewithdominantplatforms.Asthesedynamicsunfold,thegigeconomywillcontinuetoevolve,presentingbothopportunitiesandchallengesforworkers,companies,andpolicymakersalike.6.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Todefinethegigeconomyandintroducethedebatearoundit.B.Toarguethatthegigeconomyisthefutureofwork.C.Todescribethehistoryoflabormarkettrends.D.Tocomparethegigeconomywithtraditionalemployment.答案A解析第一段给出了gigeconomy的定义并引入了支持者和批评者的不同观点，故选A。7.Whatdoestheterm"gig"originallyreferto?A.Apart-timejob.B.Asinglemusicalperformance.C.Afreelanceproject.D.Atemporarycontract.答案B解析第二段明确指出"Theterm'gig'originallyreferredtoasinglemusicalperformance"，故选B。8.Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofgigworkmentionedinthepassage?A.Guaranteedminimumwage.B.Paidsickleave.C.Theabilitytosetone'sownschedule.D.Employercontributionstosocialsecurity.答案C解析第三段提到gigwork的优势是"Theabilitytosetone'sownschedule,choosethenumberofhourstowork"等，故选C。9.Whatisthe"thirdcategory"ofworkerproposedbysomegovernments?A.Acategorythatgivesworkersfullemployeerights.B.Acategorythatgivesworkerssomebutnotallrightsoffullemployees.C.Acategorythatgivesworkersnoadditionalprotections.D.Acategorythatrequiresworkerstoformunions.答案B解析第五段提到"creatinganew'thirdcategory'ofworkerthatwouldreceivesomebutnotalloftherightsoffullemployees"，故选B。10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?A.Itwillbereplacedbytraditionalemployment.B.Itwillremainunchangedinitscurrentform.C.Itwillbeshapedbyregulation,innovation,andworkeraction.D.Itwillbebannedbygovernmentsworldwide.答案C解析末段指出"Thefutureofthegigeconomyislikelytobeshapedbyacombinationofregulatoryreform,technologicalinnovation,andcollectiveactionbyworkersthemselves"，故选C。Passage3Questions11-15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheAmazonrainforest,oftendescribedasthe"lungsoftheEarth,"isoneofthemostbiodiverseregionsontheplanet.Coveringapproximately5.5millionsquarekilometersacrossnineSouthAmericancountries,itishometoanestimated10%ofallknownspeciesonEarth.However,thisvitalecosystemisunderunprecedentedthreatfromdeforestation,primarilydrivenbyagriculturalexpansion,illegallogging,andminingactivities.TheconsequencesofAmazondeforestationextendfarbeyondthelossofplantandanimalspecies.Therainforestplaysacrucialroleinregulatingtheglobalclimatebyabsorbingcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.ScientistsestimatethattheAmazonabsorbsapproximately2billiontonsofCO2peryear,makingitacriticalbufferagainstclimatechange.Itsdestructionwouldnotonlyreleasestoredcarbonbutalsoreducetheplanet'scapacitytoabsorbfutureemissions,creatingadangerousfeedbackloop.Moreover,theAmazoninfluencesregionalandglobalweatherpatterns.Theforestgeneratesapproximatelyhalfofitsownrainfallthroughevapotranspiration,creatingaself-sustainingwatercycle.Whenforestiscleared,thiscycleisdisrupted,leadingtodrierconditionsandincreasedriskofwildfires.SomescientistswarnthatcontinueddeforestationcouldpushtheAmazonpasta"tippingpoint,"beyondwhichitwouldtransitionfromalushrainforesttoadrysavannaecosystem.IndigenouscommunitieswhohavelivedintheAmazonformillenniaareamongthosemostaffectedbydeforestation.Thesecommunitiesdependontheforestfortheirlivelihoods,includingfood,medicine,andshelter.Deforestationalsothreatenstheirculturalsurvival,asmanyIndigenouspeoplesconsidertheforestsacredandintegraltotheiridentity.Moreover,theirtraditionalknowledgeofsustainableforestmanagementisincreasinglyrecognizedasvaluableforconservationefforts.InternationaleffortstocombatAmazondeforestationhavemetwithmixedsuccess.Whileratesofdeforestationdeclinedsignificantlyinthe2000sthankstoimprovedsatellitemonitoring,stricterenforcement,andthecreationofprotectedareas,theyhaverisenagaininrecentyearsduetopoliticalchangesandeconomicpressures.Thechallengeistofindapproachesthatreconcileeconomicdevelopmentwithenvironmentalconservation.Onepromisingstrategyis"sustainabledevelopment,"whichinvolvespromotingeconomicactivitiesthatgenerateincomewhilepreservingtheforestecosystem.Examplesincludesustainabletimberharvesting,agroforestrysystemsthatcombinecropswithnativetrees,andecotourismthatprovidesfinancialincentivesforconservation.Theseapproachesrequiresupportivepolicies,accesstomarkets,andtheinvolvementoflocalcommunitiesindecision-makingprocesses.11.WhatisthemainreasonfordeforestationintheAmazon,accordingtothepassage?A.Urbanization.B.Agriculturalexpansion,illegallogging,andmining.C.Naturaldisasters.D.Tourismdevelopment.答案B解析第一段明确指出deforestation主要由"agriculturalexpansion,illegallogging,andminingactivities"驱动，故选B。12.WhatistheroleoftheAmazoninregulatingtheglobalclimate?A.Itreleaseslargeamountsofoxygenintotheatmosphere.B.Itabsorbsapproximately2billiontonsofCO2peryear.C.Itreflectssolarradiationbackintospace.D.Itgeneratesmostoftheworld'srainfall.答案B解析第二段指出"TheAmazonabsorbsapproximately2billiontonsofCO2peryear,makingitacriticalbufferagainstclimatechange"，故选B。13.Whatisthe"tippingpoint"mentionedinparagraph3?A.Thepointatwhichdeforestationbecomeseconomicallyunprofitable.B.Thepointatwhichtheforesttransitionstoadrysavannaecosystem.C.Thepointatwhichinternationalinterventionbecomesnecessary.D.Thepointatwhichallspeciesintherainforestbecomeendangered.答案B解析第三段提到"continueddeforestationcouldpushtheAmazonpasta'tippingpoint,'beyondwhichitwouldtransitionfromalushrainforesttoadrysavannaecosystem"，故选B。14.WhyareIndigenouscommunitiesparticularlyaffectedbydeforestation?A.Theydependontheforestfortheirlivelihoodsandculturalsurvival.B.Theyareforcedtorelocatetootherareas.C.Theyreceivenofinancialcompensationfortheloss.D.Theyareexcludedfromconservationefforts.答案A解析第四段指出Indigenouscommunities"dependontheforestfortheirlivelihoods"并且"deforestationalsothreatenstheirculturalsurvival"，故选A。15.Whatis"sustainabledevelopment"inthecontextoftheAmazon?A.Promotingeconomicactivitiesthatpreservetheforestecosystem.B.Haltingalleconomicactivitiesintheregion.C.Relocatinglocalcommunitiestourbanareas.D.Increasingthesizeofprotectedareasonly.答案A解析末段定义sustainabledevelopment为"promotingeconomicactivitiesthatgenerateincomewhilepreservingtheforestecosystem"，故选A。第二部分：选择填空（7选5）根据短文内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Passage4Questions16-20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Lonelinesshasbeendescribedasanepidemicofthemodernage,affectingmillionsofpeopleacrossallagegroups.16.______Researchsuggeststhatchroniclonelinessisassociatedwitharangeofnegativehealthoutcomes,includingincreasedriskofheartdisease,stroke,andmentalhealthconditionssuchasdepressionandanxiety.17.______Therearevariousfactorscontributingtotheriseoflonelinessincontemporarysociety.Thebreakdownoftraditionalcommunitystructures,increasedmobility,andtheriseofdigitalcommunicationthatoftenlacksthedepthofface-to-faceinteractionhaveallplayedarole.18.______However,lonelinessisnotaninevitablecondition.Therearenumerousstrategiesthatindividualscanadopttobuildandmaintainmeaningfulsocialconnections.Joiningclubsorgroupsbasedonsharedinterests,volunteeringinlocalcommunities,andmakinganefforttonurtureexistingrelationshipsarealleffectiveapproaches.19.______Atabroaderlevel,governmentsandcommunitiescanimplementpoliciesandprogramsthatfostersocialconnectedness.Urbanplanningthatcreatesspacesforcommunityinteraction,supportforcommunity-basedorganizations,andpublicawarenesscampaignsthatdestigmatizelonelinessareallimportantsteps.20.______A.Thissuggeststhatlonelinessisnotmerelyanemotionalproblembutaseriouspublichealthconcern.B.Despiteitsprevalence,lonelinessisoftenoverlookedasasignificantsocialissue.C.Whiletechnologycancontributetoloneliness,itcanalsobeleveragedtocreateconnections.D.Thefirststepisrecognizingthatlonelinessisalegitimateissuethatdeservesattentionandaction.E.Buildingasenseofcommunityrequireseffortfrombothindividualsandinstitutions.F.Socialmediahasbeenshowntoreducelonelinessinallagegroups.G.Thesechangeshavecreatedasocietywherepeoplearemoreconnecteddigitallybutlessconnectedmeaningfully.答案：16.B（此句承接前文引出话题"尽管孤独普遍存在，却常被忽视"）答案：17.A（此句总结前文"孤独不仅是情感问题，也是公共健康问题"）答案：18.G（此句总结前文"这些变化造成了人们在数字上联系更多，但在有