汽车基础及英语 4

汽车专业英语

（第2版）ContentsModule1OverviewofVehicleMaintenanceModule2

EngineModule3

ChassisModule4

ElectronicControlSystemModule5

AutomotiveElectricalEquipmentModule6

SafetyandComfortSystemModule7

NewEnergyVehicleModule8

IntelligentandConnectedVehicleModule1

OverviewofVehicleMaintenancePartⅠReadingMaterialsPartⅡSkillTrainingPartⅢExercisesPartⅣListeningandSpeaking学习目标(１)能够用英语介绍汽车的类型。(２)能够用英语介绍汽车的部件名称。(３)能够用英语描述汽车的主要总成和作用。(４)能够用英语介绍汽车维修的5S概念。(５)能够用英语介绍汽车维修过程中的安全注意事项。学习目标建议课时10课时。PartⅠReadingMaterialsPassage1VehicleCategories请指出下图1-1所示车辆技术参数的中文名称及其相应英文名称。PartⅠReadingMaterialsThissectionisageneralintroductiontothecarasawhole.Overtheyearsmanyunusualdesignshavebeentried,somewithmoresuccessthanothers.Themostcommonis,ofcourse,arectangularvehiclewithawheelateachcorner!Totakethisrathersimpleideafurther,wecancategorizevehiclesindifferentways.译文：本节是对汽车整体的一般介绍。多年来，已经尝试了许多不寻常的设计，其中一些设计更成功。当然，最常见的是一个矩形车辆，每个角都有一个轮子！为了进一步采用这个相当简单的想法，我们可以用不同的方式对车辆进行分类。PartⅠReadingMaterialsRear-wheeldrivefromafrontenginewasthemethodusedformanyyears.Somemanufacturershavecontinueditsuse,BMWforexample.Alongpropellershaftfromthegearboxtothefinaldrive,whichispartoftherearaxle,isthemainfeature.Thepropellershafthasuniversaljointstoallowforsuspensionmovement.Thislayouthassomeadvantages:1）Weighttransferstothereardrivingwheelswhenaccelerating.2）Complicatedconstantuniversaljoints,suchasusedbyfront-wheeldrivevehicles,arenotneeded.译文：前置发动机、后轮驱动是多年来使用的方法。一些制造商，例如宝马，继续使用此方法。作为后轴的一部分，从变速箱到最终传动的长传动轴是主要特征。传动轴具有万向节，以允许悬架运动。这种布局有一些优点：1

）加速时重量转移到后驱动轮。2

）不需要复杂的恒定万向节，例如前轮驱动车辆使用的万向节。PartⅠReadingMaterialsFour-wheeldrivecombinesallthegoodpointsmentionedabovebutmakesthevehiclemorecomplicatedandthereforeisexpensive.Themaindifferencewithfour-wheeldriveisthatanextragearboxknownasatransferboxisneededtolinkthefront-andrear-wheeldrive.译文：四轮驱动结合了上述所有优点，但使车辆更加复杂，因此价格昂贵。四轮驱动的主要区别在于需要一个额外的变速箱，称为分动箱，用于连接前轮驱动和后轮驱动。PartⅠReadingMaterialsTypesoflightvehiclecanrangefromsmalltwo-seatsportscarstolargepeoplecarriersorsportsutilityvehicles(SUVs).Alsoincludedintherangearelightcommercialvehiclessuchasvansandpick-uptrucks.Itishardtocategorizeacarexactlyasthereareseveralagreedsystemsinseveraldifferentcountries.译文：轻型车辆的类型范围可以从小型双座跑车到大型人员运输车或运动型多功能车（SUV）。该系列还包括轻型商用车辆，如货车和皮卡车。很难对汽车进行分类，因为在几个不同的国家/地区有多个商定的系统。PartⅠReadingMaterialsTherearenginedesignhasnotbeenverypopularbutitwasusedforthebestsellingcarofalltime:theVWBeetle.Theadvantagesarethatweightisplacedontherearwheels,givinggoodgrip,andthepowerunitanddrivecanbealloneassembly.Onedownsideisthatlessroomisavailableforluggageinthefront.Thebiggestproblemisthathandlingisaffectedbecauseoflessweightonthesteeredwheels.Flat-typeenginesarethemostcommonchoiceforthistypeofvehicle.译文：后置发动机设计并不是很受欢迎，但它被用于有史以来最畅销

的汽车：大众甲壳虫。优点是重量放在后轮上，提供良好的抓地力，

动力单元和驱动器可以是一个组件。一个缺点是前面的行李箱空间较小。最大的问题是操纵受到影响，因为转向轮的重量较轻。平板式发动机是这类车辆最常见的选择。PartⅠReadingMaterials请指出图1-14所示汽车部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage2MainSystemsPartⅠReadingMaterialsIntheengine,afuel–airmixtureentersthroughaninletmanifoldandisfiredineachcylinderinturn.Theresultingexpandinggasespushonpistonsandconnectingrodswhichareoncranks,justlikeacyclist’slegsdrivingthepedals,andthismakesacrankshaftrotate.Thepulsesofpowerfromeachpistonaresmoothedoutbyaheavyflywheel.Powerleavestheenginethroughtheflywheel,whichisfittedontheendofthecrankshaft,andpassestotheclutch.Thespentgasesleaveviatheexhaustsystem.译文：在发动机中，燃料-空气混合物通过进气歧管进入并依次在每个气缸中燃烧。由此产生的膨胀气体推动曲柄上的活塞和连杆，就像骑自行车者的腿驱动踏板一样，这使得曲轴旋转。来自每个活塞的动力脉冲由重型飞轮平滑。飞轮安装在曲轴的末端，动力通过飞轮离开发动机，并传递给离合器。废气通过排气系统排出。PartⅠReadingMaterialsThisareaismadeupofthebraking,steeringandsuspensionsystemsaswellasthewheelsandtires.Hydraulicpressureisusedtoactivatethebrakestoslowdownorstopthevehicle.Rotatingdiscsaregrippedbetweenpadsoffrictionlining.Thehandbrakeusesamechanicallinkagetooperateparkingbrakes.Bothfrontwheelsarelinkedmechanicallyandmustturntogethertoprovidesteeringcontrol.译文：该区域由制动、转向和悬挂系统以及车轮和轮胎组成。液压用于启动制动器以减慢或停止车辆。制动盘夹在摩擦衬垫之间。手制动器使用机械​​连杆来操作驻车制动器。两个前轮都是机械连接，必须转动才能提供转向控制。PartⅠReadingMaterialsTheengineflywheelandclutchcoverareboltedtogethersotheclutchalwaysrotateswiththeengine,andwhentheclutchpedalisraiseddriveispassedtothegearbox.Agearboxisneededbecauseanengineproducespoweronlywhenturningquitequickly.Thegearboxallowsthedrivertokeeptheengineatitsbestspeed.Whenthegearboxisinneutral,powerdoesnotleaveit.译文：发动机飞轮和离合器盖用螺栓固定在一起，因此离合器始终随发动机一起旋转，当离合器踏板升起时，驱动力传递到变速箱。需要一个变速箱，因为发动机只有在转速很快时才会产生动力。变速箱允许驾驶员将发动机保持在最佳速度。当变速箱处于空档时，动力不会消失。PartⅠReadingMaterialsAstartermotortakesenergyfromthebatterytocrankoverandstarttheengine.Electricalcomponentsarecontrolledbyarangeofswitches.Electronicsystemsusesensorstodetectconditionsandactuatorstocontrolavarietyofthings–infact,onmodernvehicles,almosteverything.译文：起动马达从电池获取能量以起动并启动发动机。电气元件由一系列开关控制。电子系统使用传感器来检测条件和执行器，以控制各种动作。事实上，在现代车辆上，几乎所有东西都离不开电子系统。PartⅠReadingMaterialsPassage35SConceptinWorkshop请指出图1-19所示工作套装中文名称及其相应英文名称。PartⅠReadingMaterialsThe5Sisthekeytomaintaintheworkshopandenableeasy,fast,andreliable(safe)operations.Howtoensurethequalityofcarmaintenance?Keeptheworkplacetidyandorderly.Trytokeeptheworkplacecleanandtidy.Firstofall,don’tpolluteit.The5SactivityoriginatedinJapanisanexcellenton-sitemanagementtechnology.译文：5S是维护车间并实现简单、快速和可靠（安全）操作的关键。如何保证汽车维修质量？保持工作场所整洁有序。

尽量保持工作场所干净整洁。首先，不要污染它。

5S活动是源自日本的一种出色的现场管理技术。PartⅠReadingMaterialsOrganizeandutilizeallresources,includingtools,parts,orinformation,asnecessaryAssignaplaceontheworksitetostoreallunnecessaryitems.Collectunnecessaryitemsfromtheworkplaceandthendiscardthemproperlyandlegally.Discardunwanteditems.译文：根据需要组织和利用所有资源，包括工具，零件或信息

。

在工作站点上指定一个位置以存储所有不必要的项目。

从工作场所收集不必要的物品，然后妥善和合法地丢弃它们。

丢弃不需要的物品。PartⅠReadingMaterialsPurpose:Tofacilitateuseofpartsandtoolsandtosavetime.Keepseldom-usedarticlesinaseparateplace.Putoccasionally-usedarticlesinyourworkplace.Putcommonly-usedarticlesonyourside.译文：

目的：促进零件和工具的使用并节省时间。

将很少使用的物品放在一个单独的地方。

在您的工作场所放置偶尔使用过的物品。

将常用文章放在您的身边。

PartⅠReadingMaterialsPurpose: Removedirtfromtheworkplacesothattheequipmentisalwaysinacompletelynormalconditionandcanbeusedatanytime.Adirtyworkenvironmentisareflectionoflackofconfidence.Besuretodevelopagoodhabitofkeepingtheworkplaceclean.译文：目的：清除工作场所的污垢，使设备始终处于完全正常状态

条件，可以随时使用。

肮脏的工作环境反映了缺乏信心。

务必养成保持工作场所清洁的好习惯。PartⅠReadingMaterialsPurpose: Cleaningisaprocessoftryingtokeepordering,rectifyingandcleaninguptopreventanypossibleproblems.Everythingshallservethepurposeofacleanenvironment,suchascolors,shapes,layoutofvariousarticles,lighting,ventilation,displayracks,andpersonalhygiene.Iftheworkenvironmentbecomesfreshandbright,itcangivethecustomeragoodatmosphere.译文：目的：清洁是一个试图保持有序，纠正和清理以防止任何可能的问题的过程。

一切都应达到清洁环境的目的，例如颜色、形状、各种物品的布局、照明、通风、陈列架和个人卫生。

如果工作环境变得清新明亮，可以给客户带来良好的氛围。

PartⅠReadingMaterialsPurpose: Self-disciplineisaprocessforemployeestodevelopgoodawarenessandgoodhabitsthroughtrainingandthenbecomeproud.Self-disciplineformstheculturalfoundation,whichisthemostbasicrequirementforensuringharmonywiththesociety.Self-disciplineisthetraininginthestudyofrulesandregulations.Throughsuchtraining,thetraineescanlearntorespectothersandmakeothersfeelcomfortable.译文：目的：自律是员工培养良好意识和良好习惯的过程

，通过培训然后变得自豪。自律形成了文化基础，这是确保与社会和谐的最基本要求。

自律是规则和法规研究的培训。通过这种培训，学员可以学会尊重他人，让别人感到舒适。PartⅠReadingMaterials请指出图1-24所示工具的中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage4UseToolsCorrectlyPartⅠReadingMaterialsDonotusekerosene,thinnersorsolventstowashtheskin.Theyremovetheskin’snaturalprotectiveoilsandcancausedrynessandirritationorhaveserioustoxiceffects.Donotoverusewaterlesshandcleaners,soapsordetergents,astheycanremovetheskin’sprotectivebarrieroils.译文：不要使用煤油、稀释剂或溶剂清洗皮肤。它们可去除皮肤的天然保护油，可引起干燥和刺激，或产生严重的毒性作用。不要过度使用无水洗手液，肥皂或洗涤剂，因为它们可以去除皮肤的保护性阻隔油。PartⅠReadingMaterialsTheeffectofprolongedcontactfromheavilysoiledoverallswiththeskincanbecumulativeandlifethreatening.Ifthesolventsarebecomeflammablefromtheeffectofbodytemperature,asparkfromweldingorgrindingcouldenvelopthewearerinflameswithdisastrousconsequences.译文：严重污染的工作服与皮肤长时间接触的影响可能是累积性的，并且会危及生命。如果因为体温的影响而变得易燃，则焊接或磨削产生的火花可能会使穿着者陷入火焰并带来灾难性的后果。PartⅠReadingMaterialsRemembertoapplythefireextinguisherfirstofall.Properprocessingwithintensofsecondsjustafterthefirestartedplaysanextremelycrucialroleinchangingdangeroflifeandpropertyintosafety.Ifthefirebecomesstronganditisestimatedthatitisburningoutofcontrol,theevacuationshouldbeorganizedandthe119professionalfirebrigadeshouldbecalled.译文：记得首先使用灭火器。火灾发生后几十秒内的适当处理对于将生命和财产危险转化为安全起着至关重要的作用。如果火势变得强烈并且估计它正在燃烧失控，则应组织撤离并召集119专业消防队。PartⅡSkillTrainingHaveatryFaultphenomenon:Theengineidlespeedisunstableandeasytoflameout.Descriptionofthefaultphenomenon:Theenginestartnormally,buttheidleoperationisunstable.Theengineshakesmarkedlyatidle,anditiseasytoflameout.ProbableCause？

PartⅢExercisesExercise1：TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.

Front-engine,front-wheeldrive2.承载式车身

3. SUV4.梯形车架

5. Frontbumper6.发动机舱盖

7. Differential8.电击 9. Safetyshoes10.飞轮 PartⅢExercisesExercise2：MarkthefollowingstatementswithT（True）orF（False）accordingtothepassage.()1.Themaindifferencewithrear-wheeldriveisthatanextragearboxknownasatransferboxisneededtolinkthefront-andrear-wheeldrive.()2.The5SactivityoriginatedinGermanyisanexcellenton-sitemanagementtechnology.()3.Wearingsandalsorathleticshoescanalsoeasilyresultinpersonalinjuriesduetoaccidentallyfallingobjects.()4.Electricshockcanresultfromtheuseoffaultyandpoorlymaintainedelectricalequipmentormisuseofequipment.()5.Ifscalded,besuretocalladoctorassoonaspossible.PartⅢExercises

Exercise3：TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Inaword,acarcanbedividedintodifferentcategoriesaccordingtodifferentcriteria.Weneedtounderstandthestructureofthecar,familiarwiththeprincipleofthecomponents,cancarryoutcomprehensivemaintenanceandrepairofthecar.Whenitcomestocarmaintenance,it’simportanttoadheretothe5Sconcept,andpayattentiontotheoperationdetailsofmanyequipmentandtools.

PartⅣListeningandSpeakingBuyaCarDialogue1A:Hello,sir!IamLiMing.Hereismynamecard.WhatcanIdoforyoutoday?B:Iamlookingforacar.A:Youarecomingtotherightplace.Wearethebiggestdealerandweoffersomethingbig.WhatshouldIcallyou,sir?B:Wongismysurname.A:Thankyou,Mr.Wong.Wouldyoupleasetakeaseathereandwecantalkovertofindoutthebestcarforyou?B:Thankyou!A:Hereisourbrochure,andyoumaybrowsethroughit.Wearegivingspecialofferstomanyinit.B:That’sgreat.A:Mr.Wong,whatkindofcardoyouwant?B:Weneedacarwithmoreroom.MywifeandIareabouttohaveababy.A:Congratulations!Doyouprefersomecertaintype?B:I’dliketocheckoutSUV.A:MayIaskhowmuchisyourbudget?B:About250thousandYUAN.A:Notaproblemsir.WehaveanicebrandnewAudiQ3SUVoverhere.It’sofreallytechysavvy.Thestickerpriceis250thousandYUAN.Itisjusttheoneforyou.B:Anygifts?PartⅣListeningandSpeakingA:Yes.Youmaygetasetofseatcoversorasetoffloormatsforfree.Whichonedoyouprefer?B:Both.MayIhaveboth?A:O.K.Bothareyours.Hopeyoulikewhatweofferandthatyouwilllovetorecommendus.B:Thankyou.Iwilliftheyareindeednice.Dialogue2A:Howdoyoulikethiscar,Mr.Wong?Itisreallyniceanditjustasksfor$30,000.B:HondaPilot.IactuallywaslookingforaHondaPilot.IwentonlinelastnighttocheckoutthebluebookvalueonnewPilots.ThepriceIsawwas$27,000.Whyisyourpricehigher?A:Wellsir,differencepricegoeswithdifferentfeatures.Atthiscardealers