化学 九年级 2009届 诊断试卷 创新题版

化学九年级2009届诊断试卷创新题版化学九年级2009届诊断试卷创新题版考试时间：60分钟满分：75分命题单位：某市教育科学研究院一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意）【物质分类】在日常生活和工农业生产中，下列物质属于纯净物的是A.蒸馏水B.矿泉水C.液氧D.碘酒【化学式与相对分子质量】化学式表示下列含义中的A.氢氧化钙由两个氢原子、一个钙原子和两个氧原子构成B.氢氧化钙的相对分子质量为74C.氢氧化钙由钙元素、氢元素和氧元素组成D.一个氢氧化钙分子由一个钙离子、两个氢氧根离子构成【化合价规则】根据化合价规则判断，下列化学式书写正确的是A.氯化铁B.氧化镁C.硫酸铝D.氢氧化钾【质量守恒定律】在密闭容器中加热高锰酸钾制取氧气，反应前后一定发生改变的是A.物质的总质量B.分子的种类C.原子的数目D.元素的种类【金属活动性顺序】将铁片分别投入到下列溶液中，不会产生明显现象的是A.稀盐酸B.硫酸铜溶液C.硝酸银溶液D.稀硫酸【酸的通性】下列关于酸性质的叙述中，正确的是A.酸溶液都能与金属氧化物反应B.酸溶液都能与碱发生中和反应C.酸溶液都能使紫色石蕊试液变红D.酸溶液都能与活泼金属反应生成氢气【碱的通性】下列关于氢氧化钠的用途中，利用其物理性质的是A.用于吸收二氧化碳气体B.用于去除油污C.用于改良酸性土壤D.用于制取肥皂【盐的化学性质】下列反应中，不属于复分解反应的是A.B.C.D.【溶解度曲线】下图是甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度曲线。下列说法正确的是（此处应插入溶解度曲线图，描述为：甲、乙两物质在0℃时溶解度均为10g，40℃时甲为30g，乙为50g；温度升高，甲溶解度增大，乙溶解度增大，但乙增速快）A.40℃时，甲、乙两溶液的溶质质量分数相等B.40℃时，将20g甲物质放入50g水中，形成不饱和溶液C.20℃时，甲的溶解度大于乙的溶解度D.20℃时，将甲、乙两物质的饱和溶液分别升温至40℃，溶质质量分数都增大【化学实验安全】在实验室进行下列实验操作，错误的是A.点燃氢气前，必须检验氢气的纯度B.使用酒精灯时，应用灯帽盖灭，不可用嘴吹灭C.将浓硫酸沿器壁慢慢注入水并不断用玻璃棒搅拌D.不慎将酸溅到皮肤上，应立即用大量水冲洗，然后涂上3%~5%的碳酸氢钠溶液二、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”）【分子与原子】分子是保持物质化学性质的最小粒子，原子是保持物质物理性质的最小粒子。【元素与原子】地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铁元素，含量最多的非金属元素是氧元素。【单质与化合物】氧化汞是由汞元素和氧元素组成的化合物。【溶解度与溶解性】物质的溶解度是指在一定温度下，某物质在100g溶剂里达到饱和状态时所溶解的质量。【燃烧条件】可燃物只要与氧气接触，在温度达到着火点时，一定会燃烧。【中和反应】中和反应是指酸和碱作用生成盐和水的反应。【氧化还原反应】在化学反应中，氧元素化合价降低的反应是还原反应。【混合物与化合物】空气是混合物，因为它由氮气、氧气等物质组成，各成分保持原有的化学性质。【饱和溶液】在一定温度下，向饱和溶液中加入溶质，溶液中溶质的质量分数一定增大。【化学方程式】配平化学方程式时，反应前后原子种类和数目不变是配平的依据。三、填空题（本大题共5小题，共10分）【化学方程式计算】加热高锰酸钾制取氧气，写出该反应的化学方程式：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。若制取16g氧气，至少需要高锰酸钾的质量是多少？（写出计算过程）【溶液的配制】实验室需要配制50g溶质质量分数为6%的氯化钠溶液。请回答：需要称量氯化钠的质量为\\\\\\\\\\g；配制过程中，用量筒量取水时俯视凹液面最低处，会导致配制的溶液中溶质质量分数\\\\\\\\\\（填“偏大”或“偏小”）。【金属的化学性质】铁生锈是铁与空气中的\\\\\\\\\\和水蒸气共同作用的结果。铁锈的主要成分是\\\\\\\\\\。除去铁钉表面的铁锈，可用稀盐酸浸泡，反应的化学方程式为：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。【物质的鉴别】现有失去标签的溶液、溶液、溶液。若只用溶液，能否将它们一次性鉴别出来？\\\\\\\\\\（填“能”或“不能”）。若能，请写出操作现象及对应的化学方程式：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。【环境化学】是造成温室效应的主要气体。为了减少的排放，某工厂利用与反应的生成物来制取，该反应的化学方程式为：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。为了防止温室效应加剧，请你再写出一条保护环境的建议：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。四、简答题（本大题共3小题，共15分）【实验现象】小明在实验室点燃镁条，观察到了一系列现象。请你用规范的化学语言描述镁条在空气中燃烧时的实验现象。\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\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