【单元精练】Unit 6 单元话题阅读理解练习-2022-2023学年高二英语单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit6单元话题阅读理解专项练习(名校最新真题)（2022·广西·南宁三中高二期中）Tosolvetheproblemoftinyplasticspollutingwaterways,chemistsintheCzechRepublicarethinkingsmall.Theirbrainchildisanewmicrorobotwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofasharpenedpencil.Whensunlighthitsthem,theyproducechemicalreactionsthatpushthemthroughwaterinaspecificdirection.Whentheyfindapieceofplastic,theysticktoitandstarttobreakitdown.ChemistMartinPumeraattheCzechUniversityledtheproject.Adecadeago,hechosetofocusontheproblemposedbymicroplastics.They’reeverywhere—fromthebottomoftheoceantoairblowingontoiceatopmountains.They’veturnedupindrinkingwater.Somestudiesestimatethatbillionsofpiecesofplasticendupintheworld’swaters.Theplastichasmanysources,fromshoppingbagstowashingandcleaningwipes.Inlabexperiments,thestar-shapedswimmersstuckontoeachoffourdifferenttypesofplastic.Andafteraweekexposedtolight,therobotshadreducedtheweightoftheplastics.Itwasn’tmuch—onlybypercent.Butthatwasanindicationthattheywerebreakingtheplasticdown.Theyalsocausedthesurfaceoftheplastictochangefromsmoothtorough.That’sanothersignthattherobotsweredegrading(分解)it.Thenewstudyisaproofofconcepttype.Thatmeansitshowssomethingcanbedonesuccessfully.Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Therearemanytypesofplastics.Andeventhesemicrorobotsareunlikelytosucceedindegradingthemall.Theresearchersalsohavenotyetshownhowsafethissystemisfortheenvironment,althoughPumerasaysthat’stheirnextgoal.Thefirstreal-worldtestwillbeinawastewater-treatmentplant.“Indeed,”saysoneresearcher.“We’llneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey’resafeinopenwaterways,suchasatsea.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“brainchild”inparagraph1referto?.A．idea B．hope C．project D．routine2．WhatdoestheauthorfocusoninParagraph2?A．ThepurposeofPumera’sproject.B．Thepreciousnessofdrinkingwater.C．Theseriousnessofplasticpollution.D．Theworkingprincipleofthemicrorobots.3．Whatshowstheeffectivenessofthemicrorobotsinlabexperiments?A．Theweightlossoftheplastics.B．Thedisappearanceoftheplastics.C．Theshapechangeofthemicrorobots.D．Theimprovementinthequalityofwater.4．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WaystoObtainCleanerDrinkingWaterB．MicrorobotsInventedtoTreatWastewaterC．NewHopefortheSolutiontoPlasticPollutionD．TechnologyWidelyAppliedinEnvironmentProtection（2022·河南·安阳市第二中学高二期中）Easternbarredbandicoots(加氏袋狸)oncewereacommonsightinwesternVictoriaandinsouthAustralia.Butbythe1980s,justonepopulationofbetween150and200bandicootssurvived.In1988,theVictoriastategovernmentformedarecoveryteamthatbroughttogethergovernmentagencies,ZoosVictoria,volunteergroupsandotherpeople.Thatyear,scientistsremoved40bandicootsfromthispopulationtoformacaptivebreeding(圈养繁殖)program.Soonafter,easternbarredbandicootsdisappearedfromthewildinVictoria.TheonlyremainingbreedingpopulationexistedinsmallfencesatWoodlandsHistoricPark.“Withoutthecaptiveprogram,thespecieswouldbeextinct.”scientistssay.Breedingwasonething.Re-establishingwildpopulationswasaltogethermoredifficult.Sixtimescaptive-bornbandicootsweresetfreeintothewild.Allsixreintroductionsfailedwhenfoxeskilledthebandicoots.WhatchangedeverythingwasthereintroductionofbandicootstoPhillipIslandin2017andFrenchIslandin2019.Fox-freeFrenchandPhillipislandsofferedjustover70squaremilesofbandicoothabitat,andthebandicootshavealreadybegunbreedingandexpanding(扩大)theirrangeacrosstheseislands.Afterscientistshadestablishedpopulationsonislands,researcherslookedtoexpandtheireffortstoopengrasslands.In2015,DavidWilliamsbegantraininghisMaremmadogs.Theideaworkedthisway:Becausebandicootslivedalone,thedogswouldlookaftersheepinlargeopengrasslandswherebandicootslived.Aslongasthereweresheepinthebandicoots’territory(领地),thedogsremained,andaslongasthedogswerearound,thefoxeswerefarlesslikelytoremain.Overthepasttwoyears,therecoveryteamhasreintroduced40bandicootsintotwoplacesinwesternVictoria,withtwotothreeMaremmadogsandhundredsofsheepateachsitetokeepthemcompany.Scientistscan’tyetsaywhethertheexperimentisworking.Butsomeofthebandicootshavebred,andtherearesignssuggestingthatfoxes,iftheypassthroughthearea,hardlystayforlong.5．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A．The1988captivebreedingprogramsavedthespecies.B．Easternbarredbandicootsbecameextinctinthewild.C．Thegovernmentplayedaroleinprotectingthespecies.D．Combinedeffortsmadeadifferencetotheenvironment.6．Whatledtothedeathsofthereintroducedbandicoots?A．Lackofenoughfood.B．Lossofhabitats.C．Threatsfromnaturalenemies.D．Lackofexperienceinthewild.7．WhydidWilliamtraintheMaremmadogs?A．Totakegoodcareofhissheep.B．Tomakethemrulersofthegrassland.C．Tomakethegrasslandmorelively.D．Toprotectbandicootsfromfoxes.8．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheprograminwesternVictoria?A．Ithascompletelyfailed.B．Itsresultremainstobeseen.C．Itturnsoutanimmediatesuccess.D．Itsprocessneedstoberevised.（2022·四川省绵阳南山中学高二阶段练习）Man’srelationwithanimalsisveryold.Theycanbetracedbacktothebeginningofcivilization.Manisthebestcreationandmeasureofallthings.However,hiskinshipwithanimalsiswellestablished.Darwinbelievedthatmanhasevolvedfrommonkeys.Thus,theyareourancestors.Thefriendshipbetweenmanandanimalsismorereliableandlasting.Man’sfriendshipwithmanmaynotlastlong,butitisofpermanentnaturewiththedomesticatedandpetanimals.Domesticatedcreaturesareneverungrateful.Theywillneverturnhostile.That’swhytheyhavebeensousefultomankindandliveinperfectharmonywithus.Inwesterncountriescatsareverypopularaspets,fortheykillratsandotherrodentsandmakeagoodconstantcompany.Dogsarekeptforprotectionandsafety.Theyarematchlessinfaithfulnessandloyalty.Theyhelpinhunting,inrearingsheepandinprotectingproperties.Theyalsohelpindetectingandtrackingthievesandcriminals.Theyaretrainedformanyotherpurposesaswell,includingbeinggoodguidesandrescuingservices.Horsesaredomesticated,forthey’rewell-knownfortheirspeed,strength,faithfulnessandanunerringroadsense.Theyaredependablefriendsbothinwarandpeace.Similarly,elephantshavebeengreatandreliablefriendsofmankindfromimmemorialtimes.Anelephantisveryintelligent,brave,faithfulandhardworkinganimal.Beinganintelligentanimal,itneverforgetsboththeactsofkindnessandactsofwrongdoing.Donkeys,camels,yaks,bullocksarethebeastsofburden.Theyserveusinawaythatnonecando.Similarly,thecowisraisedforitsmilk,dungandhide.Inwesterncountriescow-meatisalsoeatenwithrelish(风味佐料).ButinIndiacowisworshippedbytheHinduasmotherandasymbolofholiness,care,affectionandinnocence.Monkeysarewidelyusedinthediscoveryofmedicines.Wheneveranewmedicineisdiscovered,itisfirsttriedonthem.Really,theseanimalsaregreatandreliablefriendsofours,withoutwhichlifewouldhavelosthalfofitscharmandusefulness.Weshouldalwaysbekindtothem.9．WhytheauthormentionsDarwininparagraphone?A．Toillustratehumanshaveevolvedfrommonkeys.B．TosuggestDarwinwasahighlyaccomplishedbiologist.C．Toimplytherelationbetweenmanandanimalsisclose.D．Toshowthehumancivilizationhasalonghistory.10．Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“hostile”?A．Hospitable. B．Grateful. C．Agreeable. D．Aggressive.11．Whatcanweknowfromthearticle?A．Dogsaredomesticatedsimplytobepetsforpeople.B．Elephantsaresointelligentthattheycan’tbedomesticated.C．Horsescanfinditswayhomebecauseoftheirsoundsenseofdirection.D．CowsareworshipedinIndiaaswellasinwesterncountries.12．Wherecan’twereadthispassage?A．Asciencefiction B．Atextbook C．Amagazine D．TheInternet（2022·贵州省龙里中学高二阶段练习）Animalsarenaturalresourcesthatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathers,forfood,forsport,andsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheearthforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.Whyshouldpeoplecare?Becauseweneedanimals.Andbecauseoncetheyaregone,therewillneverbeanymore.Animalsaremorethanbeautifulorinterestingorasourceoffood.Everyanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnature.Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.Forexample,whenfarmerskilllargenumbersofhawks(鹰),thefarmers’storesofcornandgrainwillbedestroyedbymice.Why?Becausehawkseatmice.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumbers,themicemultipliesquickly.Luckily,somepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbidthekillingofanyanimalorplantonthedangerlist.Slowly,thenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.13．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SavetheAnimals B．UsefulAnimalsC．LawsforAnimals D．AnimalsinDanger14．Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause________.A．theygiveusasourceoffood B．theyarebeautifulandlovelyC．theygiveusalotofpleasure D．theykeepthebalanceofnature15．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Peoplemustnotkillanyanimalorplant.B．Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecauseweneedthem.C．Killingallmicemaycausesomenewproblems.D．Onceacertainkindofanimalisgoneforever,therewillneverbeanymore.16．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．peoplehaveknowntheimportanceofanimalprotectionforalongtimeB．thenumberofhawksisonthedecreaseC．animalsplayanimportantroleinpeople’slifeD．manycountriespassedlawsforbiddingthekillingofanyanimal（2022·辽宁·高二阶段练习）AtafarmoffNarrowLanenearLexington,Kentucky,US,old-fashionedhouseslookoverthelittleredbarn(畜棚).Thefarmismostlyemptynow.JimMahanandhisfamily,wholivedthereforgenerations,havemovedtoadifferentplotoflandinnorthernFayetteCounty.Aslandissold,housesgoupwherethereoncewerefields.Butduringthesummer,thebarnisfilledwithcitykidswhohavecometoenjoythefarm.They’remembersoftheFayetteCountyLivestock(FCL)Club,whichshowcases(展示)variousskills.Thebarniswheretheylookaftertheanimals.“AlotofLexingtonkidsdon’tknowanythingaboutfarmlife,”saidAdriaMeier,17,whohaslookedaftergoatsandsheepforthreeyears.“Thereissomuchtolearn.”Thedozenorsochildrenwhotakecareoftheirgoatsandsheepatthelittleredbarnmusttakeasix-hourclassbeforetheygetananimal.Theypayfortheirownanimalsbutgetspecialclubprograms,suchasonethatprovidesvet(兽医)care.Mahanletsthegroupusethebarnforfree,andthekidsspenduptothreehoursadaythereduringthesummer.Butashislandgetssold,hedoesn’tknowwhethertheclubcancontinue.WhatmakestheFCLClubspecialisthatmostofthekidscanwalkouttheirdoorsandtakecareoftheiranimals.Mostaredriventothebarnbytheirmothers,whousuallyhangaroundandchatastheirkidsfeedandexercisetheanimals.Therearevaluablelessonslearnedalongtheway.Forinstance,don’tcutwooloffyourgoatwhenthereiswind,andsheeparesocialanimalsandwillcryloudlywhenseparated.“Tendingtoanimalshelpsteachusresponsibility.Unlikelearningtoshootanarrow,caringforananimalisn’tsomethingyoucansimplyabandon,”saidCarlyPlayforth,16,fromLexington17．Whatistherequirementforkidsbeforetheygetanimals?A．Havingvariousskills. B．Payingcertainmoney.C．Attendingaclass. D．Gettingspecialclubprograms.18．Whatdoweknowabouttheclub?A．Itoffersservicesunconditionally. B．Itallowsmotherstopushkids.C．Itletsmotherscareforanimals. D．Itpaysfortheuseofthebarn.19．WhichwordbestdescribesCarlyPlayforth’sattitudetotheexperience?A．Cautious. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Negative.20．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Kids’lifeonasoldfarm. B．Valuablelessonslearnedonthefarm.C．AspecialclubintendedforLexingtonkids. D．Aclubactivityofcaringforfarmanimals.（2022·江苏·南京外国语学校高二阶段练习）Lotsofhumanscannotresistinterpretingdogs’facesinthetermsdefinedbyhumanlanguages.Apuppylickingyourcheekenthusiasticallyisgivinga“kiss”.Ifdogscouldspeakliketheirowners,manyhumanswanttoknow,whatwouldtheirdogshavetosay?IntothemarketforanswersstepChristinaHunger,authorofthebookHowStellaLearnedtoTalk,andAlexisDevine,theownerofBunny,aTikTokstarwithover6.3mfollowers.Aftercarefultraining,bothStellaandBunnycanpawaseriesofbuttonsthatmakearecordedvoicespeakoneofseveraldozenprogrammedwords.BothMs.DevineandMs.Hungerclaimthattheirdogsareusinglanguage.Humanlinguiststendtobeskepticalof“talking”animals.Tounderstandwhy,considerNoamChomsky’scriticalreviewof“VerbalBehavior”byB．F.Skinner,apioneerinbehavioralpsychology.Skinnerdescribedhumanlanguageacquisitionashedidotherlearnedbehaviors:thestrengtheningofaresponseafterconditioningwithastimulus.Ifsaying“food”getsyoufood,you’remorelikelytosayit.Skinnerwrotethat“ifweareshownaprizedworkofartandshout‘Beautiful!’,thespeedandenergyoftheresponsewillhaveaneffectontheowner.”Mr.Chomskynotedthatthisreasoningmightleadpeople“tocryout‘Beautiful’inaloudvoice,repeatedlyandwithnodelay”.Realhumans,bycontrast,mightinfactshowappreciationthroughalongmomentofsilence,andthenbarelywhisperedpraise.Ms.Hungercameupwithherbuttonsystemafterworkingwithchildrenwhowerenotdevelopinglanguagenormallyandhashelpedmanyyoungstersexpressthemselvesbetter(oftenwithtabletcomputers).Butsomedogexpertsdislikethepracticeofforcingword-basedcommunicationontodogs.Byfocusingonabasickindoflanguagethatseemshuman,itignoresdogs’abilitiestoexpressthemselvesintheirownways.Dogsarefondofsniffingeachother,whoareusingsensitivenosestoexchangeinformation,aboutage,healthandotherthings.Dogsurinatefrequentlynot,asonceassumed,primarilytoclaimterritory,buttoleavesimilarinformationforothers.Posture(姿势),too,conveysmassesofinformationbetweendogs;eyes,earsandteethcontributetoarangeofmessagestransmittedbetweenthem.Finally,theirownvocalizations,thoughhardlyofthewords-and-syntaxtypethatmakeuphumanlanguage,arecomplicated.Scientistshaveyettoreportonthe“taking”abilitiesofdogslikeStellaandBunny.Inthemeantime,ordinaryownerscanhaveagoattrainingtheirdogswiththeadviceMs.Hungeroffers.Ortheycantryanotherapproach:buyoneofthemanygoodbooksonunderstandinghowdogsnaturallycommunicate,andspendthetimetheymightinvestinprogrammingbuttonsongettingtoknowtheirpetsinstead.Eventhebest-traineddogisapoorconversationalistinhumanterms-butabrilliantoneontheirown.21．WhydoestheauthormentionStellaandBunny?A．Toproveanassumption. B．Toputforwardatheory.C．Tosettleanargument. D．Topresentanattempt.22．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?A．Chomskyfurtherdevelopedbehavioralpsychology.B．Devine’sandHunger’spracticesagreewithSkinner’stheory.C．Languageisacquiredbystrengtheningaconditionedresponse.D．AfterHungercreatedherbuttonsystem,shehashelpedchildrenwithlanguageproblems23．Accordingtotheauthor,thosewhotrytoprovedogs’languageability______.A．ignoredogs’psychologicalneedsB．failtoacceptwhatmakesadogadogC．suggestanewwaytogettoknowdogsD．believedogshavetheirownlanguagesystem24．Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveytodogowners?A．Adogdeservesmorecareandcompany.B．Trainingcanhelpadoglearnhumanlanguage.C．improvingtheirunderstandingofpetsiscrucial.D．Researchonanimalbehaviorstillhasalongwaytogo.（2022·湖北孝感·高二阶段练习）MalloryHaskesurfsnearlyeverydayinthesummer,anditreallyannoyshertoseetrash(垃圾)inthewateroronthebeach.SowhenherhighschoolEnglishteacherassignedapassionproject,Haskecameupwithacreativeideathatconnectedsurfingandtrash.Shecollectedlitteronthebeachandusedittocreateasurfboardinanefforttoraiseawarenessaboutoceanpollution.“Thefeelingofcatchingawaveisfantastic.It’ssuchamen-talrelease,”saidHaske,standingonthebeachwaxing(上蜡)hernewlyfinishedtrashboard.“Ireallyhopeitfloats.”HerteacherassignedtheprojectmonthsagoandwassurprisedtoseehowHaske’senthusiasmaboutitgrewthroughouttheschoolyear.“Noteverystudentfoundherpassion,butshedid,”saidtheteacher.“I’msuperproudofher.”Overthewinter,Haske,whowouldgraduatesoon,collectedlitterincludingcigarettebutts,bottlecaps,fast-foodcontainersandmasksalongtheresortareabeach.“Itwasdefinitelyauniquechallenge,”Haskesaid.Shelandedasponsorandraisedmoneyfromfriendstocreatethesurfboard,whichcostabout$1,000.Hasketakescustomordersandhelpspeoplebuildtheirownsurfboards.Makingoneoutoftrashwasafirstforher.Nearlytheentireboardismadefromrecycledmaterialandlitter.OnTuesdayafterschool,Haskewentoutandattemptedtorideawaveonhernewboard,butthemostlyflatconditionsmadeitdifficult.Thenoseofthesurfboardmadebyherselfkeptgoingunderthewater,butHaskestayedupbeat.“It’sprettyheavyupfront,butit’sgoingtobemybestfriend,”Haskesaidaftercomingoutofthewater.“It’smadeforlargewaves.”25．WhydidHaskemakethesurfboard?A．Toputtrashtothebestuse. B．Totakeasurfingcompetition.C．Topursueherpassionforsurfing. D．Todrawattentiontooceanpollution.26．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHaske?A．Proudandreliable. B．Responsibleandinnovative.C．Toughandfaithful. D．Imaginativeanddesperate.27．HowdidHaskemakethesurfboard?A．Withthehelpofenvironmentalists. B．Bycooperatingwithherparents.C．Byusingthetrashcollectedfromthebeach. D．Undertheguidanceofherteacher.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upbeat”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Positive. B．Cautious.C．Peaceful. D．Discouraged.（2019·河南·商城县教育体育局教学研究室高二期中）Eachspringintheglobalnorth,brownbearsappearfromtheirdens(洞穴)withnewbabies.Thebabiescameintotheworldtinyandweak.Theirfathersarelonggone;bearmothersmustfindawaytoraisethekidswhilesurvivingthemselves.Femalebearsgenerallyspendeither1.5or2.5yearswiththeiryoung.Butanewstudyofbrownbearshasfoundasurprisingtrend.“There’sabouta30percentincreaseinfemalesstayingtocarefortheiryoungforanextrayear,”FaniePelletiersays,anecologistatShebrookeUniversityofQuebec.“Earlyon,inthe1980’s,almostallfemalesstayedwiththeiryoungfor1yearandahalf.”Thetrendistiedwithahuntinglawthatprotectsfamilygroupsfromhunters.It’sillegaltoshootmotheroryoungbearswhentheyaretogether.“Forfemales,ifsheleavesherkidsatoneyearandahalf,thenshebecomesatargetduringthenexthuntingseason,”explainsPelletier.“Butifshespendsmoretimewiththeirbabies,sheisprotectedforanextrayear.”Theanalysisuseddecadesofdatacollectedfromtagged(标记的)brownbearsinSweden.Butthefindingmaybealsoapplicableoutsidethecountry,inanyplacewherethehuntingpolicesthatprotectmotherwithyoungbearsarecarriedout.Thenewfindingsareremindertopolicymakersthathuntingpoliciescanhavealong-termeffectontheanimalsthatsurvive.Paststudieshavefoundthatfishingandhuntingrulescanhavesimilareffectsonothertypesofwildlife.Fishmatureatasmallersizeanddeerhuntedfortheirbigenoughhorns(角)eventuallydevelopsmallerhorns.“Weassumewhenthehuntingperiodisclosed,huntingdoesnotaffectanimalsanymore,”saysPelletier.“Buteventheonesthatarestillaliveareaffectedbyourpolicies.”29．WhattrenddidPelletierfindaboutbrownbears?A．Thenumberofbabybearsisincreasing.B．Babybearsrelymoreontheirmothers.C．It’sharderforbearmotherstoraisetheirkids.D．Morebearmothersstaywiththeiryounglonger.30．Whatistheeffectofthenewtrendonhunting?A．Newhuntingpolicieswillbemade.B．Thehuntingperiodwillbeshortened.C．Bearswillnotbethetargetforhunters.D．Huntersfindfeweravailablebearstohunt.31．Whichofthefollowingmayaffectmaturefish’ssize?A．Fisherscanonlycatchfishbigenough.B．Onlycertainkindsoffishcanbefishedfor.C．Theclosedseasonforfishingshouldbelonger.D．Waysforfishingshouldbechangedcompletely.32．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Mostanimalsareintelligent.B．Huntingpoliciesshouldbepractical.C．Animalscanadapttonewhuntingpolicies.D．It’seasyforanimalstosurvivetheenvironment.参考答案：1．A

2．C

3．A

4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。1．词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Tosolvetheproblemoftinyplasticspollutingwaterways,chemistsintheCzechRepublicarethinkingsmall.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们正在从小处着眼。）根据划线词所在句“Theirbrainchildisanewmicrorobotwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofasharpenedpencil.”（他们的brainchild是一种新型的微型机器人，只有削尖的铅笔尖大小。）由第一句可知，捷克共和国的化学家们正在想办法解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，划线词承接前文，所以划线词所在句指化学家们的解决问题的想法是用一种微型机器人，因此划线词的含义为“解决方法；想法”，故选A。2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后两句“They’reeverywhere—fromthebottomoftheoceantoairblowingontoiceatopmountains.They’veturnedupindrinkingwater.Somestudiesestimatethatbillionsofpiecesofplasticendupintheworld’swaters.Theplastichasmanysources,fromshoppingbagstowashingandcleaningwipes.（它们无处不在——从海底到吹到山顶冰上的空气。它们已经出现在饮用水里了。一些研究估计，数十亿塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源，从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾）”可知，本段讲述微塑料分布广泛，甚至出现在饮用水当中。C项“塑料污染的严重性”符合题意。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“Andafteraweekexposedtolight,therobotshadreducedtheweightoftheplastics（并且在暴露于光线一周后，机器人减轻了塑料的重量。）”和第四句话“Butthatwasanindicationthattheywerebreakingtheplasticdown.（但这表明它们正在分解塑料）”可知，塑料在暴露于光线后，其重量会减轻，说明光线正在分解塑料，使其重量损失。A项“塑料的重量损失”符合题意。故选A项。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Totackletheproblemoftinyplasticspollutingwaterways,chemistsintheCzechRepublicarethinkingsmall.Theirbrainchildisanewmicrorobotwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofasharpenedpencil.Whensunlighthitsthem,theyproducechemicalreactionsthatpushthemthroughwaterinaspecificdirection.Whentheyfindapieceofplastic,theysticktoitandstarttobreakitdown.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们从小事做起。他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它还没有削尖的铅笔尖那么大。当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，推动它们在水中朝特定的方向移动。当它们发现一块塑料时，就会粘在上面，并开始分解它。）可知文章主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。C项“解决塑料污染的新希望”符合题意。故选C项。5．A

6．C

7．D

8．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家如何拯救濒临灭绝的加氏袋狸。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“In1988,theVictoriastategovernmentformedarecoveryteamthatbroughttogethergovernmentagencies,ZoosVictoria,volunteergroupsandotherpeople.(1988年，维多利亚州政府成立了一个恢复小组，将政府机构、维多利亚动物园、志愿者团体和其他人聚集在一起)”以及最后一句““Withoutthecaptiveprogram,thespecieswouldbeextinct.”scientistssay.(“如果没有圈养计划，这个物种就会灭绝。”科学家们说)”可知，第二段主要说的是1988年的圈养繁殖计划挽救了该物种。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Sixtimescaptive-bornbandicootsweresetfreeintothewild.Allsixreintroductionsfailedwhenfoxeskilledthebandicoots.(被圈养的加氏袋狸6次被放归野外。六次重新放归野外都失败了，那时狐狸杀死了加氏袋狸)”可推知，来自天敌的威胁导致了重新引入的加氏袋狸的死亡。故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In2015,DavidWilliamsbegantraininghisMaremmadogs.Theideaworkedthisway:Becausebandicootslivedalone,thedogswouldlookaftersheepinlargeopengrasslandswherebandicootslived.Aslongasthereweresheepinthebandicoots’territory,thedogsremained,andaslongasthedogswerearound,thefoxeswerefarlesslikelytoremain.(2015年，大卫·威廉姆斯开始训练他的Maremma狗。这个想法是这样的：因为加氏袋狸独自生活，狗就会在加氏袋狸居住的大草原上照看羊群。只要在加氏袋狸的地盘上有羊，狗就会留在那里，而只要狗在附近，狐狸就不太可能留在那里)”可知，威廉训练他的Maremma狗是为了保护加氏袋狸不受狐狸的伤害。故选D项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Overthepasttwoyears,therecoveryteamhasreintroduced40bandicootsintotwoplacesinwesternVictoria,withtwotothreeMaremmadogsandhundredsofsheepateachsitetokeepthemcompany.Scientistscan’tyetsaywhethertheexperimentisworking.Butsomeofthebandicootshavebred,andtherearesignssuggestingthatfoxes,iftheypassthroughthearea,hardlystayforlong.(在过去的两年里，搜救队在维多利亚州西部的两个地方重新引进了40只加氏袋狸，每个地方都有两到三只Maremma犬和数百只羊陪伴它们。科学家们还不能确定这个实验是否有效。但有些加氏袋狸已经繁殖，有迹象表明，狐狸如果经过这一地区，几乎不会待太久)”可推知，维多利亚西部的项目，其结果还有待观察。故选B项。9．C

10．D

11．C

12．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了人与动物是关系紧密的朋友。并且例举了猫、狗、马、大象等动物对人类所做的贡献，他们是人类可靠的朋友。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Man’srelationwithanimalsisveryold.Theycanbetracedbacktothebeginningofcivilization.Manisthebestcreationandmeasureofallthings.However,hiskinshipwithanimalsiswellestablished.Darwinbelievedthatmanhasevolvedfrommonkeys.Thus,theyareourancestors.(人与动物的关系由来已久。它们可以追溯到文明的开始。人是万物最好的创造者和量度者。然而，他与动物的亲缘关系是确定无疑的。达尔文认为人是从猴子进化而来的。因此，它们是我们的祖先。)”可知，这里是为了引用达尔文的话例证人与动物关系亲密。故选C。10．词句猜测题。根据第二段三四句“Domesticatedcreaturesareneverungrateful.Theywillneverturnhostile.That’swhytheyhavebeensousefultomankindandliveinperfectharmonywithus.（被驯化的动物从不忘恩负义。他们永远不会hostile。这就是为什么它们对人类如此有用，并与我们和谐相处的原因。）”可知，这里是说动物与人类关系友好，他们与人类永远不会敌对，与aggressive“好斗的，挑衅的”词义相近。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Horsesaredomesticated,forthey’rewell-knownfortheirspeed,strength,faithfulnessandanunerringroadsense.”（马是家养的，因为它们以速度、力量、忠诚和准确的路感而闻名。）可知，马因为准确的路感而闻名，可推知，马可以找到回家的路，因为他们的方向感良好。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Thefriendshipbetweenmanandanimalsismorereliableandlasting.”（人与动物之间的友谊更可靠、更持久。）及最后一段“Really,theseanimalsaregreatandreliablefriendsofours,withoutwhichlifewouldhavelosthalfofitscharmandusefulness.”（真的，这些动物是我们伟大而可靠的朋友，没有它们，生命就失去了一半的魅力和用处。）可知，文章主要讲述了人和动物之间是友谊是可靠的，所以文章很有可能来自网络、课本或者杂志，不可能是出自一本科幻小说上。故选A。13．A

14．D

15．A

16．C【导语】本文是一篇关于动物保护的说明文。目前，世界范围内动物的数量正在不断下降，保护动物刻不容缓。保护动物不仅是为动物，也是为我们人类自己的生存考虑。幸运的是，现在有的国家已经开始行动，例如成立保护组织或设立法律等对动物进行有效的保护。13．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathers,forfood,forsport,andsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsof