2026年天津市北师大版初中英语下册第10单元语法填空练习

2026年天津市北师大版初中英语下册第10单元语法填空练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Mr.Smithisinterestedincollectingstamps.Hespendsmostofhisfreetime______stampsfromallovertheworld.A.collectB.collectingC.tocollectD.collected解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“史密斯先生对收集邮票很感兴趣。他花大部分空闲时间______来自世界各地的邮票。”根据句意，spendtimedoingsth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，故应填入动词ing形式。选项A为动词原形，不符合语法；选项C为不定式，通常表示目的，此处不符；选项D为过去分词，表示被动或完成，也不符合。选项B为动名词形式，符合固定搭配，故选B。2.Thelittlegirlwasso______thatshecouldn’tstopcryingwhenshesawthesadmovie.A.disappointB.disappointedC.disappointingD.todisappoint解析：本题考查形容词与副词的辨析。句意为“这个小女孩看到悲伤的电影时，太______以至于忍不住哭了。”so+adj.that...为固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”，空格处需填入形容词修饰girl。选项A为动词原形，不符合；选项C为形容词，但表示“令人失望的”，修饰物，不修饰人；选项D为不定式，也不符合。选项B为过去分词作形容词，表示“失望的”，修饰人，符合句意，故选B。3.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshould______moreEnglishsongseveryday.A.listentoB.listeningtoC.tolistentoD.listenedto解析：本题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果你想提高英语水平，你应该每天______更多英文歌曲。”if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用should+动词原形，从句用一般现在时。选项B、C、D均为非谓语动词形式，不符合虚拟语气规则。选项A为动词不定式，符合语法，故选A。4.Mybrother______totheconcertlastnight,buthewastootiredtoenjoyit.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going解析：本题考查动词时态。句意为“我哥哥昨晚______去音乐会了，但他太累了，没能享受它。”根据lastnight可知，动作发生在过去，且为过去事实，应用一般过去时。选项A为动词原形，不符合；选项B为一般现在时，不符合；选项D为动名词，不符合。选项C为一般过去时，符合句意，故选C。5.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what解析：本题考查宾语从句。句意为“老师问学生们他们是否完成了作业。”asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，表示“问某人是否……”，引导宾语从句。选项B、D不符合宾语从句用法。选项A和C均可引导宾语从句，但whether比if更正式，此处更合适。故选C。6.______hardyouwork,______youwillget.A.Theharder,themoreB.Harder,moreC.Themore,theharderD.Themorehard,themore解析：本题考查“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。句意为“你越努力，得到的就越多。”该结构表示“越……越……”，前后比较级需一致。选项B、D结构错误。选项C前后顺序颠倒。选项A符合结构，故选A。7.Myparentsareproud______meformygoodgrades.A.ofB.forC.withD.at解析：本题考查介词搭配。句意为“我的父母为我良好的成绩感到骄傲。”beproudof为固定搭配，表示“为……感到骄傲”。选项B、C、D均不与proud搭配。故选A。8.It’simportanttokeepa______dietandexerciseregularly.A.balanceB.balancedC.balancingD.tobalance解析：本题考查形容词作定语。句意为“保持均衡的饮食并定期锻炼很重要。”keepadiet为固定搭配，diet前需用形容词修饰。选项A为名词，不符合；选项C为动名词，不符合；选项D为不定式，不符合。选项B为形容词，符合语法，故选B。9.Theboyaskedme______Icouldhelphimwithhishomework.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what解析：本题考查宾语从句。句意为“那个男孩问我是否能帮他做作业。”asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，引导宾语从句。选项C、D不符合宾语从句用法。选项A和C均可引导宾语从句，但whether比if更正式，此处更合适。故选B。10.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom解析：本题考查定语从句。句意为“我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。”先行词为book，指物，应用which或that引导。选项A、D为关系代词，不修饰物。选项B和C均可引导定语从句，但that在口语中更常用，且此处更合适。故选C。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Ifyou______(nothurry),youwillcatchtheearlytrain.参考答案：don’thurry解析：本题考查虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用should+动词原形，从句用一般现在时。don’thurry为一般现在时否定形式，符合语法。2.Thestudentswereexcited______theyheardthegoodnews.参考答案：when解析：本题考查时间状语从句。句意为“学生们听到好消息时很兴奋。”when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。3.It’simportant______youtofinishyourhomeworkontime.参考答案：for解析：本题考查介词搭配。it’simportantforsb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“对某人来说做某事很重要”，故填for。4.Mysisterisgood______singinganddancing.参考答案：at解析：本题考查介词搭配。begoodat为固定搭配，表示“擅长做某事”，故填at。5.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theywerereadytostarttheexam.参考答案：if解析：本题考查宾语从句。asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，引导宾语从句，故填if。6.Theman______Ispoketolastnightwasverykind.参考答案：who解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词为人，应用who或that引导。此处用who更自然。7.IfI______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam.参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用should+动词原形，从句用一般现在时。were为一般现在时形式，符合语法。8.Thegirlistooyoung______takecareofherself.参考答案：to解析：本题考查不定式。too...to...为固定结构，表示“太……而不能……”，故填to。9.Thebook______Ireadlastnightwasveryexciting.参考答案：which解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词为book，指物，应用which或that引导。此处用which更自然。10.It’simportant______everyonetofollowtherules.参考答案：for解析：本题考查介词搭配。it’simportantforsb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“对某人来说做某事很重要”，故填for。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thestudentswereexcitedwhentheyheardthegoodnews.(正确)解析：when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。2.Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.(正确)解析：if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句用一般现在时，符合语法。3.TheboyaskedmeifIcouldhelphimwithhishomework.(正确)解析：asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，引导宾语从句，符合语法。4.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.(正确)解析：that引导定语从句，修饰book，符合语法。5.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(正确)解析：asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，引导宾语从句，符合语法。6.Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwillget.(正确)解析：“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越……越……”，符合句意。7.Myparentsareproudofmeformygoodgrades.(错误)解析：beproudof为固定搭配，应去掉for。8.It’simportanttokeepabalanceddietandexerciseregularly.(错误)解析：keepadiet为固定搭配，应改为keepabalanceddiet。9.TheboyaskedmewhetherIcouldhelphimwithhishomework.(正确)解析：whether比if更正式，符合语境。10.ThebookwhichIreadlastnightwasveryexciting.(正确)解析：which引导定语从句，修饰book，符合语法。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explaintheuseof"if"and"whether"inconditionalsentences.参考答案："If"isusedtointroduceconditionalsentences,expressingrealorunrealconditions.Forexample,"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam."Whetherisusedtointroduceindirectquestionsorchoices,ofteninformalcontexts.Forexample,"HeaskedmewhetherIcouldhelphim."Bothcanintroduceclausesinrequestsorsuggestions,butwhetherismoreflexibleinwordorder.2.Whatisthefunctionof"the+comparativeadjective,the+comparativeadjective"structure?参考答案：Thisstructureexpressesacorrelationbetweentwothings,meaning"themore...,themore...".Forexample,"Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwillget."Itemphasizesadirectrelationshipbetweentwovariables,oftenusedtoshowincreasingordecreasingtendencies.3.Howdoyouuse"beproudof"?参考答案：Beproudofisafixedcollocationmeaning"tofeelproudaboutsomeoneorsomething."Forexample,"Myparentsareproudofmeformygoodgrades."Itrequiresthepreposition"of"afterproud,not"for."4.Whatisthedifferencebetween"gototheconcert"and"gotoaconcert"?参考答案："gototheconcert"referstoaspecificconcert,while"gotoaconcert"referstoanyconcertingeneral.Thedefinitearticle"the"indicatesaparticularevent,whiletheindefinitearticle"a"indicatesanon-specificevent.5.Howdoyouformapassivevoicesentence?参考答案：Apassivevoicesentenceisformedby"be+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbyme."Thesubjectofthepassivevoiceisthereceiveroftheaction,notthedoer.6.Whatistheuseof"ifIwereyou"?参考答案："IfIwereyou"isasecondconditionalsentenceusedtoexpresshypotheticalsituationsinthepresent.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder."Itispoliteandsuggestsadvice.7.Howdoyouuse"too...to..."?参考答案：Thisstructureexpressesinabilityduetoexcess.Forexample,"Thegirlistooyoungtotakecareofherself."Thefirstpartindicatesexcess,andthesecondpartindicatestheresult.8.Whatisthefunctionof"which"and"that"inrelativeclauses?参考答案：Whichandthatcanbothintroducerelativeclausesforthings,butwhichismorecommoninnon-definingclauses,whilethatisusedindefiningclauses.Forexample,"ThebookwhichIreadwasinteresting."(non-defining)"ThebookthatIreadwasinteresting."(defining).五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Ifyou______hard,youwillpasstheexam."参考答案：study解析：句意为“如果你努力学习，你会通过考试。”根据句意，空格处需填入动词原形，表示“努力学习”，故填study。2.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting."参考答案：that解析：句意为“我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。”先行词为book，指物，应用that或which引导定语从句。此处用that更自然。3.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"It’simportant______everyonetofollowtherules."参考答案：for解析：句意为“对每个人来说遵守规则很重要。”it’simportantforsb.todosth.为固定搭配，表示“对某人来说做某事很重要”，故填for。4.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Theboyaskedme______Icouldhelphimwithhishomework."参考答案：if解析：句意为“那个男孩问我是否能帮他做作业。”asksb.if/whether...为固定搭配，引导宾语从句，故填if。5.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Thestudentswereexcited______theyheardthegoodnews."参考答案：when解析：句意为“学生们听到好消息时很兴奋。”when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。6.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"IfI______you,Iwouldstudyharderfortheexam."参考答案：were解析：句意为“如果我是你，我会为考试更努力学习。”if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用should+动词原形，从句用一般现在时。were为一般现在时形式，符合语法。7.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Thegirlistooyoung______takecareofherself."参考答案：to解析：句意为“那个女孩太小了，不能照顾自己。”too...to...为固定结构，表示“太……而不能……”，故填to。8.Completethefollowingsentencewithasuitableword:"Thebook______Ireadlastnightwasveryexciting."参考答案：which解析：句意为“我昨晚读的那本书很有趣。”先行词为book，指物，应用which或that引导定语从句。此处用which更自然。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.A4.C5.C6.A7.A8.B9.B10.C二、填空题1.don’thurry2.when3.for4.at5.if6.who7.were8.to9.which10.for三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.×8.×9.√10.√四、简答题1.Ifintroducesconditionalsentences,expressingrealorunrealconditions,whilewhetherintroducesindirectquestionsorchoices,ofteninformalcontexts.Bothcanintroduceclausesinrequestsorsuggestions,butwhetherismoreflexibleinwordorder.2.Thestructureexpressesacorrelationbetweentwothings,meaning"themore...,themore...".Itemphasizesadirectrelationshipbetweentwovariables,oftenusedtoshowincreasingordecreasingtendencies.3.Beproudofrequiresthepreposition"of"afterproud,not"for".Forexample,"Myparentsareproudofmeformygoodgrades."4."Gototheconcert"referstoa