热点时文11 落基山警示·高山湖泊变绿（阅读专练）-2027年高考英语一轮复习解析版

热点时文11落基山警示•高山湖泊变绿（阅读专练）（全国通用）

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AlpineLakesTurnGreen:AWarningfromtheRockies

高山湖泊变绿：落基山脉发出的警示

话题体裁题型词数建议用时难度

高山湖泊变绿：落基III脉发出的警示说明文选择题4409分钟适中

HighintheRockyMountains,lakesoncefamousforwatersoclearyoucouldsee20feetdownareturning

intoopaquegreensoup.AtTurkeyCreekLakeinColorado'sSanJuanMountains,adensealgalbloomhasreduced

visibilitytojustfourfeet.Thischange,onceunthinkableatanelevationofover11,000feet,isnowoccurring

acrossalpineregionsworldwide,fromtheAndestotheAlpstotheHimalayas.

Whatisfuelingtheseblooms?Theanswerliesintwofactorsworkingtogether:airbornenitrogenpollution

andrisingtemperatures.Algaefeedlargelyonnitrogenandphosphorus—nutrientsthataresupposedtobescarce

inhigh-elevationterrain.Buthumanactivityisspreadingthesenutrientstofar-offpeaksatanunprecedentedrate.

Carexhaustreleasesnitrousoxidesthatconverttonitrate;ammoniafromagriculturalfertilizerbecomesairborne

gas;wind-blowndustfrumerodedsoilcarriespliusphorus.EvenHaccainouiilscanhaveuulsizccfleeis.

Meanwhile,climatechangeacceleratessnowmelt,warmslakesfaster,andkeepsthemwarmlonger——creating

idealconditionsforalgaetothrive.

Localfactorscanworsentheproblem.AtTurkeyCreekLake,skeletalsprucetreeskilledbyabarkbeetle

infestationsome15yearsagoaredecomposingalongtheshore,releasingthenitrogenstoredin(heir(issuesinto

thewater.Wildfires,burningmillionsofacreseachyear,alsofreeupnitrogenfromthevegetationtheyconsume,

whilemeltwaterfromwarmingglaciersleachesphosphorusfromfreshlyexposedminerals.Scientistsfindit

difficulttodiscernlarge-scalepatternsbecausethesourcesofnutrientsvarysowidelyfromlaketolake.

Theconsequencesgobeyondunsightlygreenwater.Whenalgaedieandsinktothebottom,thedecomposition

processusesupoxygeninthewater.InTurkeyCreekLake,dissolvedoxygenlevelsdroppedalmosttozeroat

depthsof30to40feet—aconditionknownasanoxiathatoftenkillsfish.Evenmorealarmingisthepotentialfor

cyanobacteria,atypeofalgaethatproducestoxinscapableofpoisoningwildlifeandcontaminatingdrinkingwater.

Sofar,cyanobacteriaremainrareinmountainlakesbecausetheypreferwarmerwater.Butasalpinetemperatures

rise,thesetoxicorganismscouldgainafoothold.

Researchersarenowworkingtounderstandhowsevereandwidespreadthistrendis.Sedimentcorestaken

fromlakesinRockyMountainNationalParkshowthatalgalbiomasshasmorethandoubledoverthepast70

years,instepwithregionalpollutionandclimatechange.ScientistsfearthatwhatishappeningatTurkeyCreek

Lakemaybeapreviewofwhatliesaheadforotheralpinelakes—aclearwarningthatevenEarth'smostremote

watersarcnotsafefromhumanimpact.

fromhttps://www.scienlificamencan.c()m/article/scientists-reveal-w/iy-rocky-moiintain-lakes-are-tiirning-green/^

删减

【牛刀•小试】

()1.WhathascausedthereducedvisibilityinTurkeyCreekLake?

A.Increasedwatertemperatureduetoclimatechange.

B.Adensegrowthofalgaeinthewater.

C.Decompositionoftreeskilledbybeetles.

D.Airbornenitrogenfromcarexhaust.

()2.Whyisitdifficultfbrscientiststoidentifylarge-scalepatternsinalpinelakepollution?

A.Thenumberofmountainlakesistoolargetomonitor.

B.Climatechangeaffectsdifferentlakesatdifferentrates.

C.Tlicsourcesofiiulricnbvarygreatlyfromlakelolake.

D.Remotesensingtechnologycannotcapturesmalllakes.

()3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcyanobacteriafromthepassage?

A.Theyhavealreadybecomethedominantspeciesinmostalpinelakes.

B.Theyarelikelytobecomemorecommonasalpinetemperaturescontinuetorise.

C.Theyproducetoxinsthatareharmlesstomostwildlife.

D.Theyprefercolderwaterconditionstowarmones.

()4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Toexplainwhyalpinelakesareturninggreenandwhatthismeans.

B.Todescribethemethodsscientistsusetostudylakepollution.

C.Tocallforimmediateactiontostopthespreadofalgalblooms.

D.Tocomparedifferenttypesofalgaefoundinmountainlakes.

【词库•筑基】一课标词汇提取

1.sensitive/kensaiWadj.敏感的；易受影响的

2.emission/i*/n/n.排放；散发

3.diversity/dai'v3<ioti/n.多样性

4.accelerate/okkelaret/v.加速；促进

5.preserve/pri'zaV/v.保护；保存

6.interact/mtarMkt/vi.相互作用:互动

7.inresponseto对..作出回应；响应

8.beexposedto暴露于；接触

9.playavitalrolein在...中起至关重要的作用

10.beatriskof面临..的风险

【词汇•练习】

一、根据首字母提示填空

1.Inahealthylakeecosystem,differentspeciesconstantlyiwitheachother,formingacomplexfoodweb.

2.Tocombatairpollution,manycountriesaretakingmeasurestoreduceharmfulgasefromfactoriesand

vehicles.

3.Itisourdutytopthesefragilealpinelakesbeforetheyarepermanentlydamagedbyhumanactivities.

4.TheAmazonrainforestisknownforitsincrediblebiologicald,whichsupportsmillionsofplantand

animalspecies.

5.Climatechangehasbeenfoundtoathemeltingofglaciers,leadingtoafasterriseinsealevels.

6.Theecosystemofhigh-elevationlakesisextremelystosmallchangesinwatertemperatureandnutrient

levels.

二、根据汉语提示填空

1.那座老桥在上周的暴风雨中面临坍塌的风险。

Thatoldbridgecollapsingduringlastweek'sstorm.

2.这家公司去年改变了生产计划，以I口I应环保组织的建议。

Thecompanychangeditsproductionplanlastyeartherecommendationsof

environmentalgroups.

3.在20世纪，抗生素在对抗传染病中起了至关重要的作用。

Inthe20thcentury,antibioticsfightinginfectiousdiseases.

4.这些工人在施工期间长期暴露F有害粉尘中。

Theseworkersharmfuldustforalongtimeduringtheconstruction.

【长句•解码】

Evenmorealarmingisthepotentialforcyanobacteria,atypeofalgaethatproducestoxinscapableofpoisoning

wildlifeandcontaminatingdrinkingwater.

【分析】这是一个倒装句，表语“Evenmorealarming”置于句首，主语是“

“atypeofalgae”作,补充说明cyanobacteria,其后跟白that引导的定语从句

""，修饰algae；形容词短语“capableofpoisoningwildlifeandcontaminating

drinkingwater”作,修饰loxins。

【译文】

【以读促写•训练】

假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“保护高山湖泊”为主题的征文活动°请你写一封倡议信，呼吁同

学们关注高山湖泊的生态危机。内容包括：

1.描述高山湖泊面临的问题及其原因；

2.说明可能带来的严重后果；

3.提出至少两条具体的保护建议。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dearfellowstudents,

IamwritingtodrawyourattentiontoaseriousenvironmentalcrisishappeninghighintheRockyMountains

andacrossalpineregionsworldwide.

Let'sjoinhandsandtakeactionbeforeit'stoolate!

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

.背景拓展.

Alpinelakes,typicallysituatedataltitudesabove3,000meters,areamongthemostpristineecosystemsonEarth.

Knownfortheirciystal-clearwatersandlownutrientlevels,theselakesareextremelysensitivetoenvironmental

changes,earningthemthetitleof“sentinelsofglobalchange“amongscientists.Thesefragilewaterbodiessupport

uniquefoodwebscomposedofalgae,plankton,andfishspeciessuchascutthroattrout,whiletheirsedimentlayers

preserverecordsofenvironmentalchangespanningcenturiesorevenmillennia.

Recentdecades,however,havewitnessedalarmingtransformationsintheseonce-pristinewaters.Atmospheric

nitrogendeposition—largelyfromvehicleexhaust,agriculturalfertilizers,andindustrialemissions—hasspread

fromindustrialandagriculturalregionstoremotemountainranges.StudiesindicatethatnitrogendepositioninRocky

MountainNationalParkhasincreasedfivetotenfoldcomparedtopre-industriallevels.IntheLochValeWatershed,

loriiislanuc,sudiinciilcuresrevealthatalgalbiomasshasmurethandoubledoverthepast70years.Meanwhile,

climatechangehasextendedtheicc-frccperiodofalpinelakesandraisedsummerwatertemperatures,creatinglonger

growingwindowsforalgaetothrive.Barkbeetleinfestations,whichhavekilledvastexpansesofforest,and

increasinglyfrequentwildfiresfurthercompoundtheproblembyreleasingadditionalnutrientsintothewater.

Inresponsetothesethreats,theU.S.NationalParkServicehasimplementedairqualitymonitoringprograms

andcollaboratedwithstateandfederalagencies(odeveloptheNitrogenDepositionReductionPlanforRocky

MountainNationalPark.1'heCleanAirActprovidesalegalframeworktopreventairqualitydeteriorationinnational

parksandwildernessareas.However,achievingmeaningfulreductionsinnitrogendepositionrequirescoordinated

effortsacrossmultiplejurisdictions,asairpollutiontravelsfarfromitssources.Individualscanalsocontributeby

reducingprivatevehicleuse,conseningenergy,andsupportingcleanenergypolicies.Scientistsarecallingforthe

establishmentofaglobalalpinelakemonitoringnetworktomoreaccuratelyassessecologicalrisksandtaketimely

protectivemeasuresbeforeitistoolate.

译文

高山湖泊通常位于海拔3000米以上，是地球上最原始的生态系统之一。这些湖泊以水质清澈、营养贫

乏著称，对环境变化极为敏感，因此被科学家称为“全球变化的哨兵”。这些脆弱的湖泊支撑着由藻类、浮

游生物和鱼类（如割喉峙）构成的独特食物网，而它们的沉积物层则记录着长达数百年甚至数千年的环境变

化。

然而近几十年来，这些曾经纯净的水域正经历令人担忧的转变。大气氮沉降一一主要来自汽车尾气、农

业化肥和工业排放一一已从工农业地区扩散至偏沅山脉。研究表明，落基山国家公园的氮沉降曷比工'巾化

前增加了5至10倍。例如，在洛克谷流域，沉积物岩芯显示过去70年间藻类生物量增长了一倍以上。与

此同时，气候变化使高山湖泊的无冰期延长、夏季水温升高，为藻类的大量繁殖创造了更长的生长窗口。此

外，甲虫灾害导致的大面积树木死亡以及日益频繁的野火，进一步向水体释放了额外的营养盐。

面对这此威肋“美国国家公园管理局已实施空气质量监测计划，并与州及联邦机构合作，为落基山国家

公同制定了氮沉降减排计划。《清洁空气法》为保护国家公园和荒野地区的空气质量提供了法律框架。然而，

实现氮沉降的有效减少需要多个行政区域的协调努力，因为空气污染物能够从其源头远距离传播“个人也

可以通过减少私家车使用、节约能源、支持清洁能源政策等方式贡献力最。科学家呼吁建立全球高山湖泊监

测网络，以便更准确地评估生态风险，及时采取保护措施。

答案与解析

【牛刀•小试】

【导语】本文是•篇说明文。通过落基山脉高山湖泊（以TurkeyCreekLake为例）因藻类大量繁殖而由清

澈变为绿色的现象，揭示了人类活动（氮污染与气候变化）对偏远高山生态系统的深远影响，警示即使地球

上最遥远的水域也无法免受人类活动的危害。

I.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"AtTurkeyCreekLakeinColorado'sSanJuanMountains,a

densealgalbloomhasreducedvisibilitytojustfourfeet.M可知，导致湖水能见度下降的直接原因是密集的藻类

大量繁殖（algalbloom）。A项气候变化导致的水温升高是藻类繁殖的促进因素之一，但不是直接原因；C

项树木分解释放氮元素是营养来源之一，并非导致能见度下降的直接原因：D项汽车尾气中的氮是污染物

来源，同样不是直接原因。本题旨在考查考生对因果关系的准确把握一一题目问的是直接原因（reduced

visibility的直接原因），考牛需要在文,中准确定位“adensealgalbloomhasreducedvisibility”i文一关犍信息°

2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句°Scientistsfinditdifficulttodiscernlarge-scalepatternsbecause

thesourcesofnutrientsvarysowidelyfromlaketolake."可知，科学家难以识别大规模规律的原因是不同湖泊

的营养物质来源差异很大。A项泡泊数量大并非文中提及的原因：B项气候变化对不同湖泊的影响速率不同

并非原文表述；D项遥感技术限制虽然文中第四段有所提及，但并非解释本问题的原因。本题考查考生对文

中明确陈述的因果关系的识别能力。

3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句"Sofar,cyanobacteriaremainrareinmountainlakesbecause

theypreferwarmerwater.Butasalpinetemperaturesrise,thesetoxicorganismscouldgainafoothold.可以推断,

蓝藻目前在高山湖泊中仍较为稀少，原因是它们偏好温暖的水温；随着高山地区气温持续上升，它们可能会

获得立足之地。因此，B项“随着高山气温持续.上升，它们很可能变得更加常见”是合理的推断。A项与文

中Mremainrare”相悖：C项与文中°producestoxinscapableofpoisoningwildlife”相悖：D项与apreferwarmer

waler”相悖。本题考查考生根据己有信息进行合理推断的能力。

4.A【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕“高山湖泊为何变绿”以及“这一现象意味着什么”展开：第一段以

TurkeyCreckLake为例引出高山湖泊变绿的现象及其全球性趋势；第二段解释原因（氮污染和气温上升）；

第三段补充局部因素的复杂影响；第四段阐述牛.态后果（缺氧、蓝藻毒素威胁）；第五段总结科学家的研究

发现及其警示意义。全文的核心目的并非描述研究方法（B项），也不是发出行动呼吁（C项，文中并未提

出具体建议），更不是比较不同类型的藻类（D项）。A项准魂概括了文章的主题一一解释原因并揭示意

义，符合高考英语科普说明文主旨大意题的命题思路。

【词汇•练习】

、

1.interact2.emissions3,preserve4,diversity5,accelerate6,sensitive

1.wasatriskof2.inresponseto3.playedavitalrolein4.wereexposedto

【长句•解码】

L]thepotentialforcyanobacteria；同位语;thatproducestoxins；后置定语。

【译文】更令人担忧的是蓝濠潜在爆发的风险一一这类藻类会产生毒素，可毒害野生动物、污染饮用水

源。

【以读促写•训练】

Dearfellowstudents,

IamwritingtodrawyourattentiontoaseriousenvironmentalcrisishappeninghighintheRockyMountains

andacrossalpineregionsworldwide.

Alpinelakes,oncefamousforcrystal-clearwater,areturninggreenduetodensealgalblooms.Themain

causesarcairbornenitrogenpollutionfromcarexhaustandagriculture,combinedwithrisingtemperaturesfrom

climatechange.Thesefactorscreateperfectconditionsforalgaeiothrive.

Theconsequencesarealarming.Algaldecompositionconsumesoxygen,creating“deadzones"(hatkillfish.

Worsestill,warmerwatersmayallowtoxiccyanobacteriatogrow,poisoningwildlifeandcontaminatingdrinking

water.Tohelp,wecanreducecaruseandsupportcleanenergy.Also,