线练学校高三英语二轮专题复习阅读理解专题复习(三)

始驾州参艰市线练学校高三英语二轮专题复习阅

读理解专题复习（三）

【本讲信息】

一.教学内容：

二轮专题复习阅读理解专题复习（三）

二.教学目标：

分析阅读理解之词义、句义猜测题：阅读理解之理解文章基本结构题：任务型阅读题的解题思路和技

巧

【具体教学过程】

I.高考阅读理解之词义、句义猜测题

一、常用设问形式

1.Theunderlinedword"…"refersto（means）____.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword"…”?

3.Whatisthemeaningof"asthewordsareusedinthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…（paragraph…）?

二、试技巧

（一）词义猜测题

1.同义法：

例①（NMET2003,C篇，65）

Fermat,sLastTheorem（理）.FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermat

intheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,

includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwho

hadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.

65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle“asitisused

inthetext?

A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.

B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.

C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.

D.ToliiuiIpeople*siiiiugiuulivii.

2.反义法：

例②（NMET2002,E篇，74）

Achild,sbirthdaypartydoesn*thavetobehassle：itcanbeabasketoffun,according

toBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.

74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle“probablymean?

A.apartydesignedbyspecialists

B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

3.释义法:

例③（NMET2001,D篇，68）

In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.

Foraboutacentury,Frenchbecametheofficiallanguage.EnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethe

languageofpeasants.Asarcsuit,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchrather

thanGerman.Insomecases,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction（区别）betweenupper-class

Frenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,

meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobe

cooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefanning,whiletheupper-class

Normansweredoingmostoftheeating.

68.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsarc,byinference,rootedinFrench?

A.president,lawyer,beef

B.president,bread,water

C.bread,field,water

D.folk,field,cow

4.情景判断法：

例④（NMET2002,B篇，62）

aOrganicproduceisalwaysbetter,wGoldsaid."Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,

andyouaregenerallysupportingfami1yfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannot

itislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisonefoagrowingnumber

otshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmore

likehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.

62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrendMasthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

5.代词替代法：

例⑤（NMET2001,C篇，66）

Onlyafewyearsago,上wasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowthere

arehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.

Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofclearandsafeproductstheirmainselling

pointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.

66.Theunderlinedword"it"inthefourthparagraphrefersto.

A.asellingpoint

B.thecompanyname

C.agreatdemandforhealthfoods

D.themanufacturingofgreenproducts

（二）句义猜测

1.同义法

例⑥（NMET2001,B篇，60）

Holidaymakerswhoarcboredwithbakingbeachesandoverheatedhotelroomsheadforabig

igloo.SwedishbusinessmanNileBcrgqvistisdelightedwithhisnewhotel,theworld'sfirst

igloohotel.BuiltinasmalltowninLapland,ithasbeenattractinglotsofvisitors,butsoon

thefunwillbeover.

Intwoweeks'timeBergqvisi'sicecrealion（作品）wi11benothingmorethanapoo】oTwater.

“Wedon'tseeitasabigproblem,Mhesays."Wejustlookforwardtoreplacingit."

60.Whenthewritersays**thefunwi11beover,“herePerstothefactthat.

A.hotelguestswillbefrightenedatthethoughtofthehardtest

B.Bergqvist,shotelwillsoonbecomeapoolofwater

二、对文章基本结构理解的考查方式：

1.问结构（-0552题）

Inthecourseofworkingmywaythroughschool,ItookmanyjobsIwouldratherforget.But

noneofthesejobswasasdreadfulasmyjobinanappleplant.Theworkwashard;thepaywas

poor;and,mostofall,theworkingconditionswereterrible.

Firstofall,thejobmadehugedemandsonmystrength.Forthenhoursanight,Itookboxes

thatrolleddownametaltrackandpiledthemontoatruck.Eachboxcontainedtwelveheavybottles

ofapplejuice.IoncefiguredoutthatIwasliftinganaverageoftwelvetonsofapplejuice

everynight.

Iwouldnothavemindedthedifficultyoftheworksomuchifthepayhadnotbeensopoor.

Iwaspaidthelowestwageofthattime-twodollarsanhour.Becauseofthelowpay,Ifelteager

togetasmuchaspossible.Iusuallyworkedtwelvehoursanightbutdidnottakehomemuchmore

than$100aweek.

Butevenmorethanthelowpay,whatmademeunhappywastheworkingconditions.Duringwork

Iwaslimitedtotwoten-minutebreaksandanunpaidhalfhourforlunch.Mostofmytimewas

spentoutsideloadingtruckswiththoseheavyboxesinnear-zero-degreetemperatures.Thesteel

floorsofthetruckswere1ikeice,whichmademyfeetfeellikestone.Andaftertheproduction

1ineshutdownatnightandmostpeopleleft,Ihadtospendtwohoursalonecleaningthefloor.

Istayedonthejobforfivemonths,allthewhilehatingthedifficultyofthework,the

poormoney,andtheconditionsunderwhichIworked.BythetimeIleft,Twasdeterminednever

togobackthereagain.

•Howisthetextorganized?

a.Topic-Argument-Explanation

b.Opinion-Discussion-Description

c.Mainidea-comparison-supportingexamples

d.Introduction-supportingexamples-conclusion

2.问顺序（07卷II56题）

Dr.Whitetriedhisideaon13monkeys.Firsthetaughtthemtododifferentjobs,二henhe

operatedonthem.Hemadethemonkeys*bloodgothroughanachine.Themachinecooledtheblood.

Thenthemachinesentthebloodbacktothemonkeys'brains.Whenthebrain'stemperaturewas

1U'C,Dr.Whitestoppedthebloodtothebrain.After3Uminutesheturnedthebloodbackon.

Hewarmedthebloodagain.Aftertheiroperationsthemor.keyswere1iketheyhadbeenbefore.

Theywerehealthyandbusy.Eachonecouldstilldothejobsthedoctorhadtaughtthem.

•Whatistherightorderofthestepsintheoperation?

a.sendthecooledbloodbacktothebrain.

b.stopthebloodtothebrain.

c.havetheb1oodcooleddown.

d.operateonthebrain.

A.a,b,c,dB.c,a,b,dC.c,b,d,aD.b,c,d,a

3.指代

(1)Theword“everything“inparagraph2means__

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

4.文章出处题

(1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom__

(2)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof____

(3)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfromthearticleentitled

(4)Whatmaybetalkedaboutbeforethefirstparagraph?/afterthelastparagraph?

(5)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss__

III.任务型阅读

有关任务型阅读解题策略：

一、认真研究英语高考说明，把握任务型阅读题型的结构和特点

我省英语高考说明对任务型阅读的要：根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。所

给的示例中，要：请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表的空格里填入最恰当的单词。任务型

阅读占总分120分中的10分，共10题，也就是10个空格要求填写词语，答题参考时间为15分钟。其特

点是任务型阅读属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，主要考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力、快速获取

信息的能力，也考查考生组织信息和表达信息的能力及归纳概括原文中的要点的能力。

二、加深对文章内容和结构的理解，掌握任务型阅读填空题的解题技巧

1.理解文章大意。

2.熟悉短文的写作思路和结构。

3.分析表格线索。

4.确正确答案。

三、审题角度

1.审要求：

2.审图文：

3.审格式：

【典型例题】

不例1.

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表的空格里填入最恰当的词。

Treesshouldonlybepruned（修剪）whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,

fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrown

andunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmore

damageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobject

maybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallside

brancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybe

donetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbing

againsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremoving

thebranchesthatarclockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasy

entry（进入）fordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthe

healingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,orthatthereisaperiodwhen

thetreeisatrisk.ItshotIdbetheaimofeverygardener:oreducetheriskasfaraspossible.

Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbeslowed

downbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwith

oneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruning

isusuallydoneinwinter,forthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithoutthe

interference（干扰）fromtheleavesanditis,too.veryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewi11

bleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

Type1

Type2

Practicalinstructionsforpruningatree

WhattobeprunedReasonsforMeasurestoprotectaprunedtree

pruninqatree

The_1._andToToMaketheLetthePaintaBetter

unwantedbranchesimprovepromoteprunedcutspecialprunea

the_dtheareasurfacematerialtreein

The2.The

_orsizetree*ssmooth8.onthecut10.

_orbranches

oftheand-forsurfaceto

deadinthe

treecleaninafewprevent

woodorcenter

ordernolhours.disease

brancheswhich_4.

to_L9..

一the

一down

againstmovement

the

eachofair

healing.

other

示例2.

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表的空格里填入最恰当的词。

注意：每空格I个单词，不得用文章中的单词。

HaveaSafeTrip!

Peoplevisitothercountriesformanyreasons.Sometravelonbusiness：otherstravelto

visitinterestingplacesthatareonlyfoundinothercountries,suchastheTajMahalinIndia,

thetemplesofThailand,orthePyramidsatGiza.

Whereveryougo,andforwhateverreason,itisimportanttobesafe.Atouristcarattract

alotofattentionfromlocalpeople.Whilethemajorityofpeopleyouwillmeetwhentraveling

aresuretobefriendlyandwelcoming,therearedanger-stheftbeingthemostcommon.Justas

inyourhomecountry,dono:expecteveryoneyoumeettobefriendlyandhelpful.Itisimportant

toprepareforyourtripinadvance,andtotakeprecautions（预防）whileyouaretraveling.

Asyouprepareforyourtrip,makesureyouhavetherightpaperwork.Youdon'twantto

gettoyourdestinationonlytofindyouhavethewrongvisa,orworse,thatyourpassportis

abouttoexpire（期满）.Also,makesureyoutravelwithpropermedicalinsurance,sothatif

youaresickorinjureddui'ingyourtravels,youwillbeabletogettreatment.Ifyouwantto

drivewhileyouarcabroad,makesureyouhaveaninternationaldriver*slicense.

Buyaguidebookandreadaboutthelocalcustomsofthecountryyouaregoingcarefully.

Also,tryandlearnafewbasicwordsandphrases-don*tassumethatthelocalpeoplewillspeak

yourlanguage.

Whenyougettoyourdestinationuseofficialtransport.Alwaysgotobusandtaxistands;

don'tacceptridesfromstrangerswhoofferyoualift.Ifyouprefertostayincheaphotels

咄iletraveling,makesureyoucanlockthedoorofyourroomfromtheinside.Ifyouaretraveling

withvaluablessuchasjewelry,oralotofcash,youshouldaskaboutasafeforstoringthem

in.Finally,remembertosuile.It'sthefriendliestandmostsincereformofcommunication,

andissuretobeunderstoodinanypartoftheworld!

Type3：

SafeTravellina

•sometravelonbusiness

reasonsfortraveling

•otherstraveltovisit①placesofinterest②

•notallpeoplearefriendlyand

welcoming,especiallyyouhaveto

thingstorememberwatchoutfor③

•don'tforgettosmile,whichis④

allovertheworld.

waysforsafetravelling•taketherightvisaor_⑤

passport

•travelwithmedicalinsurancein⑥

preparationsfortraveling

ofillnessesor⑦

•haveagood®ofthelocal

customsofyourdestination.

•trytolearnsomelocallanguage.

tipsforsafetravelling•don't⑨strangerswhoofferyoualift.

•keepthevaluablesinthe⑩safe.

示例3.

清认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空不超

过6个单词。

Doyouwanttowatchahotmoviewhilechattingwithyourfriendonthephone,orshopwith

yourmobilewhileonatrain?Theongoingconstructionofanewtelecommunicationservicewill

makethesethingsreality,verysoon.

ItisreportedthatChinaistoissueitsfirstlicenceforthecommercialuseofthird

generationtelecommunicationtechnologyearlynextyear.

Theso-called3Gtechnologywi11enablemobilephoneuserstoenjoyhigh-speedInternet-based

services.Itwi11helpincreasemobilityinmanyareasofourlife.

Nowadays,manymobi1ephonesalsoallowyoutosende-maiIsorreadthelateststorieson

theInternet,buttheirservicesarelimitedbytheirtransportingspeed,whichisonly10

kilobytespersecond.But3GwillenableyoutoconnecttotheInternetwithaspeedofupto

2megabytespersecond,athousandtimesfasterthanwhatyouusenow.

Ifrecentmobiletechnologyis1ikeridingabikeonacountryroad,then3Gwillmakeyou

flyontheinformationhighway.Forexample,amobilephonewith3Gtechnologywillenableyou

todownloadathreeminutes'MP3songwithintwominutes.Butatthemoment,itwilltakeyou

uptoanhourtodothiswithyourmobilephone.

Inthenearfuture,wc'11expecthigh-speedaccesstotheInternet,entertainnent,

informationandelectroniccommerceserviceswhereverwearenotjustatourcomputersor

televisionsets.

IntheUKandmanyotherEuropeancountrieswhere3Gserviceshavebeenaroundsince2003,

3Ghasalreadybecomeapartofmodernbusiness1ife.Nowadays,employeesareabletospendsome

oftheirworkinghoursathome.Thenewtechnologyallowstheemergencyservicestoprovidea

videolinkwithahospitalordoctorforpatientswhoneedspecialcare.

Type4：

【摹拟试题】

一、阅读理解专练：

A

LastweekJayMcCarrollandTheHSUS(TheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStales)madeabold

fur-frccstatementontherunway,markinganewchapterforthefashionindustryandanimal

protection.TheencouragingresponsetoMcCarrol1'sshowconfirmedthatchangeishappeningin

fashion.

McCarrol1hasgoodreasonsforrejectingfur.Eachyear,tensofmillionsofanimals,including

dogsandcats,needlesslysufferanddietofuelthefurindustry.ButwhatdidJayMcCarrol1

useinplaceoffur?”[havepatchworkpiecesthatcontainallsortsofcombinationsoffabrics.

Therestiscotton,nylon,polyesteryounameit.Ievenhavesomestuffmadeoutofbamboo/cotton

blend.Anythingbutfurandleather,MhetoldFashionWireDaily.

“Somanypeoplewanttoprotectanimalsand1ivetheirliveswithoutcausingunnecessary

cruelty.MorethantwothirdsofAmericanshavepets,andweshareabondwithanimalseveryday.

Sayingnotofurcanhelpmillionsofanimals,andwewanttoshowourrespecttoleadingdesigners

likeJaywhoembracecompassionasthefashion,wsaidMichaelMarkarian,executivevicepresident

ofTheHSUS."Itisgreattoseeleadersinthefashionindustryrecognizingthattheanimals

needtheirfurmorethanwedo.''

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutJayMcCarroll?

A.Heisafamousfashiondesigner.

B.HeistheexecutivevicepresidentoftheHSUS.

C.HeisaneditorofEashionWireDaily.

D.Heistheheadofananimalprotectionorganization.

2.Whatdoes“anewchapterninline2,paragraph1nean?

A.Anewunitofabock.B.Thebeginningofanewtrend.

C.Thelatestissueofamagazine.D.Anewlyestablishedorganization.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrecommendedforclothingbyJayMcCarroll?

A.Polyester.B.Bamboo.C.Leather.D.Patchworkpieces.

B

ThenewUSpresidentwi11beaRepublican（elephant）oraDemocrat（donkey）.ByNovember

thisyear,theUSwillbecelebratingtheelectionofar.ewpresident.It'simpossibletosay

whothepersonwillbe,butonethingisforsure:TeenagersacrossAmericawillhavealotto

sayaboutthecandidates（候选人）.

ItisimpossibletosurftheInternet,watchtelevision,orturnontheradiowithouthearing

thelatestnewsonthecampaign.Thisconstantstreamofinformation,oftenaimedespeciallyat

youth,hasbroughtaboutanewgenerationofteenagerswhoareencouragedlikeneverbeforeto

maketheirvoicesheard.

Teenagersaremorepoliticallyactivenowthantheyusedtobe,“highschooljuniorErik

Petersonsaid."That'sbecausetheyarenoticingtheprolbemsoftodayandhowitwillaffect

theirfuture.”

Formanyteenagers,aninterestinpoliticsbeginswellbeforethepresidentialcampaign

andisencouragedatanearlyagebytheirparents.MercedesCurranhasgrownupinafamilyin

whichhermotherandsisterareDemocrats（民主人）butherfatherandbrothersupportRepublicans

（共和）.However,Currandefinitelyhasherownopinion.

Iknowtoomanyteenagerswhothinktheyknowpoliticsbecausetheirmommiesanddaddies

toldthemwhattothinkorbecausetheyfollowwhat'spopular,"Curransaid.

“Ihatehearingpeoplehatepoliticianswhentheydon,thaveanyreason.Ifyou*regoing

totakeastance,you'vegottounderstandwhy.”

Manyteenagershaves:rongopinionsaboutthepresidentialcandidates,butaretooyoung

tovoteinNovember*selection.This1eavesteenagerssearchingforwaystotakepartoutside

thevotingbooth（投票站）.

“Wearethefuture,"Curransaid."We'renotgoingtobethisageforever.Weteens

needtobeatleastawareofpoliticsbecausethedecisionswemakenowwillaffectuslater.

4.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoparties.

B.UScitizens,risinginterestinpolitics.

C.USteens'activeinvolvementinpolitics.

D.AnincreasingnumberofUSteens,pursuingapoliticalcareer.

5.AllofthefollowingcontributetoUSteens'enthusiasminpoliticsEXCEPT.

A.theirparentsrinfluence

B.theirinterestinpopularevents

C.theeasyaccesstoinformationtheywant

D.votingforthepresidentialcandidatestheysupport

6.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatMercedesCurran.

A.usuallyhatestotalkwithapoliticianwithoutaryreason

B.refusestoblindlyacceptotherpeople*spoliticalviews

C.ismorelikelytosharepoliticalviewswithhermotherthanwithherfather

D.takespartinthepresidentialelectionbygivingoutinformationandads

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?

A.TherehasneverbeenathirdpartywinningthepresidencyexcepttheRepublicanPartyand

DemocraticParty.

B.Moneyplaysanimportantroleinthepresidentialelection.

C.ElephantisthesynboloftheDemocraticParty.

D.TheUSpresidentialelectiontakesplaceeveryfourthyear.

C

Canyouunderstandthebeginningofthisessay?°MysnunrholswrCWOI.B4.weusee2go2

NY2Cmybro,hisGF&3kdsFTF.”

TheScottishteacherwhoreceiveditinclasshadnoideawhatthegirlwhowroteitmeant.

TheessaywaswritteninaformofEnglishusedincellphonetextmessages.Textmessages(also

calledSMS)throughcellphonesbecameverypopularinthelate1990s.Atfirstmobilephone

companiesthoughtthattextmessagingwouldbeagoodwaytosendmessagestocustomers,but

customersquicklybegantousethetextmessagingservicetosendmessagestoeachother.Teenagers

inparticularenjoyedusingtextmessaging,andtheybegantocreateanewlanguageformessages

calledutexting."

Atextmessageis1imitedto160characters,includingletters,spaces,andnumbers,so

messagesmustbekeptshort.Tnaddition,typingonthesmallkeypadofacel1phoneisdifficult,

soit'scoirmontomakewordsshorter.Intexting：asingleletterornumbercanrepresentaword,

like"r"for"are,""u"for"you,"and"2"for"to."Severalletterscanalsorepresent

aphrase,like“101"forlaughingoutloud."Anothercharacteristicoftextingistheleaving

outoflettersinaword,likespelling“please"as"pls."

Someparentsandteachersworrythattextingwillmakezhildrenbadspellersandbadwriters.

Thestudentwhowrotetheessayatthetopofthispagesaidwritingthatwaywasmorecomfortable

forher.(Theessaysaid,“Vysumerholidayswereacompletewasteoftime.Before,weused

togotoNewYorktoseemybrother,hisgirlfriend,andtheirthreekidsfacetoface.")

Noteveryoneagreesthattextingisabadthing.Someexpertssaylanguagesalwaysdevelop,

andthisisjustanotherwayinwhichEnglishischanging.Otherpeoplebelievetextingwill

disappearsoon.Newtechnologyforvoicemessagesmaysoonmaketextmessagesathingofthepast.

8.Whatisthewriter'sopinionoftextmessaging?

A.Thewriterdoesnotgivehisopinions.

B.Itisnotbadforchildren.

C.Itwillmakechildrenbadwriters.

D.Itisfunandeasytodo

9.Whichofthefollowingwasmostprobab