考研英语模拟试卷346

考研英语模拟试卷346

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Humanbeingsarcanimals.Webreathe,catanddigest,andreproducethesamelife

(1)commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumans

seemverymuchthesame.However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:(2)

itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.(3)toourphysicalequipment一

thenakedhumanbody—wearenotan(4)animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,

(5)hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharp

teethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipment

tohelpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical(6),ourspeciesseemsapoor(7)for

survival.Butwchavesurvived—survivedandmultipliedand(8)theearth.Some

daywewillhavea(9)livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterand

withtemperaturesthatmmgasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Part

oftheanswerisphysical.(10)itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassome

important(11).Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan(12)objects

withaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother(13)Mostimportantly,wehavealarge

brainwithanalmost(14)numberofneural(15).Wehaveusedthisphysical

equipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfwcliveintheArctic,

wesupplythewarmthforourtropicalbodiesneed(16)clothing,shelter,and

(17)heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodfor

onlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand(18)deficitsbytransporting

suppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheir

ownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply

necessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.Itwasnotalways

(19)Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysical

equipment.Theyhadno(20)andlackedthephysicalCapacitytouseit.

1、Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife

(1)commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumans

seemverymuchthesame.However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:(2)

itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.(3)toourphysicalequipment一

thenakedhumanbody—wearenotan(4)animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,

(5)hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wcarcnotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharp

teethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipment

tohelpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical(6),ourspeciesseemsapoor(7)Ibr

survival.Butwehavesurvived—survivedandmultipliedand(8)theearth.Some

daywewillhavea(9)livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterand

withtemperaturesthatmingasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Part

oftheanswerisphysical.(10)itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassome

important(11).Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan(12)objects

withaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother(13)Mostimportantly,wchavealarge

brainwithanalmost(14)numberofneural(15).Wehaveusedthisphysical

equipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,

wesupplythewarmthforourtropicalbodiesneed(16)clothing,shelter,and

(17)heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodfor

onlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand(18)deficitsbytransporting

suppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheir

ownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply

necessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.Itwasnotalways

(19)Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysical

equipment.Theyhadno(20)andlackedthephysicalCapacitytouseit.

A^processes

B、acts

C、modes

D^procedures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：固定搭配。lifeprocess意为“生命历程"；acts”行为，举动”；mod己指”

方式、方法”：procedure指”程序，手续，常规”，故正确答案为A。

2、

A、On

B、With

C、For

D、By

标准答案：D

知识点解析：固定搭配。Byitself为固定用法，意思是"单独地、独自地，

3、

A、Stripped

B、Pared

C>Peeled

D、Removed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析。strip”脱去、剥去"；pare”削去、修剪，(逐步)削除”；peel"

去(皮或壳等)"；remove”移动，

4、

A、intelligent

B、impressive

C>influential

D、incentive

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义辨析。这句话的意思是”当人类史于赤裸状态时，看起来并大比

别的动物优越多少，给人的印象并不深刻"。inlelligenl”聪明的、有智力的”；

influential"有影响力的";incentive喇激的、诱发的",均不符合题意,而

impressive”给人留下深刻印象的”符合题意。

5、

A、barely

B、hardly

C^nearly

D、scarcely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：副词辨析。nearly表示“几乎、将近"；barely,scarcely,hardly表示“

简直没有、几乎不”为否定的概念，因此只有nearly符合题意。

6、

A、meaning

B、judgment

C^perspective

D、sense

标准答案：D

知识点解析:固定搭配vin...sense为固定用法,意思是"从某种意义上说\例如：

intheliteral/strictsense就字面/精确的意义而言。

7、

A、bet

B、chance

C、fact

D^lack

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词义辨析。bet意思是“打赌”，暗指不确定的事物。这句话的意思是”

如果仅从肉体的意义上看，人类很难生存下来”，因此A最符合题意。

8、

A、filled

loaded

C、stuffed

D、scattered

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析。fill”注满，用…装满”；load”装载、大量供给”；sluf「塞

入、塞满“；scatter”分散、散开"。行H【heearth指“遍布全球”,强调分布范围广。

9、

A、residence

B、colony

C、home

D^empire

标准答案：B

知识点解析：内容理解。从卜.文中可找到提示："Inhabilanlsofourevenlualmoon

colonywillbringtheirownfood..."据此判定colony为最佳选项。

10、

A、Apartfrom

Withregardto

C、Except

D、Inspiteof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：内容理解。apartfrom,except的意思是"除…之外"；withregardto"关

于"；inspiteo「尽管"。根据题意，应选择表示让步关系的inspiteof。

11、

A^abilities

B、potentials

C、capabilities

D、possibilities

标准答案：B

知识点解析：内容理解。这句话的意思是”虽然我们的肉体有很多局限性，但它也

有一些重要的潜力ability"能力"，capability"能力、才能"，possibility"可能性、

概率”均不合题意。

12、

A^maneuver

B、manage

C、manipulate

D、manufacture

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词义辨析。maneuver”调遣、用计策"；manage”处理、管理"；

manipulate"手工操纵"；manufacture"机器制造"。

13、

A、animal

B、animals

C^creatures

D、creature

标准答案：A

知识点解析：anyolher后应接可数名词的单数，如：Heistallerthananyother

boy.而人类也是一种动物，故animal为最佳选项。

14、

A^infinite

unknown

C、boundless

D、ceaseless

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词义辨析"infinite”无穷的、无法计量的”为最佳选项。unknown”不知

道的"；boundless"疆域无边界的"；ceaseless"持续不断的"，常与名词efforts连用。

15、

A、connections

relations

C、activities

D、accesses

标准答案：A

知识点解析：内容理解。根据上下文。neutralconnections指“神经细胞的联结，联

系"。relalion指"具体关系"，如：familyrelations家庭关系；aclivities”活动”；

access”通道进入“显然不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

16、

A、for

to

C、with

D、by

标准答案：C

知识点解析:固定搭配。supply通常用作"supplysb.with,supplysth.forsb.".表

达法中此处指”借助于…给人体提供热量”。

17、

A、artificial

B、fake

C^unreal

D、unauthentic

标准答案:A

知识点解析:近义词辨析。artificial”人工的、非天然的、虚伪的"；fake”假的、伪

造的“；unreal"不真实的"；unaulhentic”无根据的、不确实的

18、

A^addup

B、breakup

C、makeup

D、cutup

标准答案：C

知识点解析：固定搭配。makeupdeficits意为"弥补不足、addupto"总计达、等于

说";breakup"拆散、结束"，cutup"切碎、使伤心难过，

19、

A、this

B、thus

C、hence

D、that

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义辨析。Ihus在这里作副词，“意思是”这样的情形”，相当于S。。

20、

A、intellect

B、equipment

C^competence

D、culture

标准答案：D

知识点解析，内容理解v前文曾多次提到，如第四段第一句：nWehaveusedthis

physicalequipmenttocreateculture".第四段最后一句："Withculture,wecan

overcomeournaturallimitationsH.由此判定culture为最佳选项。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

YasuhisaShizoki,a51-yearoldMPfromJapan'srulingLiberalDemocraticParty（LDP）,

startstappinghisfingeronthedismaleconomicchartonhiscoffeetable."Unlesswe

changethedecision-makingprocess/'hesaysbluntly,"wearenotgoingtobeableto

solvethiskindofproblem.*'Withtheeconomyinsuchamess,itmayseemabitofa

diversiontobetryingtosortoutJapan'spoliticalstructuresaswellasitseconomic

problems.Sinceco-writingareportonpoliticalreform,whichwasreleasedbyanLDP

panellastweek,Mr.Shiozakihasfurtherupsettheparty'soldguard.Itslegionaries,

flankedbycolumnsofthebureaucracy,continuetohampermostattemptstooverhaulthe

economy.JunichiroKoizumiwassupposedtochangeallthat,bygoingovertheirheads

andappealingdirectlytothepublic.Yetnearlyayearafterbecomingprimeminister,Mr.

Koizumihaspreciouslittletoshowforhisefforts.Hispopularityisnowflaggingandhis

determinationisincreasinglyindoubt.Ashopesofimmediateeconomicreformfade,

opiimisisarefocusingonanotherpotentialbenefitofMr.Koizumi'stenure.Theyhope

thathishighlypersonalizedstyleofleadershipwillpavethewayforapermanentchange

inJapanesepolitics:towardsmoreunitedandauthoritativecabinetsthatarchelddirectly

accountablefortheirpolicies.Asthathappens,thethinkinggoes,realeconomicreforms

willbeabletofollow.Unfortunately,damagelimitationinthefaceofscandaltoooften

substitutesforrealreform.Moreoften,thescandalsservemerelyasdistractions.Whatis

reallyneededisanoverhauloftherulesthemselves.Aleadingcandidateforchangeis

the40-ycar-oldsystem-informalbutreligiouslyfollowed-throughwhichtheLDP

machineryvetseverybillbeforeitevergetstoparliament.Mostlegislationstartsinthe

LDP'spartycommittees,whichmirrortheparliamentarycommitteestructure.Proposals

thengothroughtwohigherLDPbodies,whichhammeroutpoliticaldealstosmooth

theirpassage.Onlythendoestheprimeminister'scabinetgetfullyinvolvedinapproving

thepolicy.MostissueshavebeendecidedbytheLDPmandarinslongbeforetheyreach

thispoint,letalonethefloorofparliament,leavingeventheprimeministerlimited

influence,andallowingpreciouslittleroomforpublicdebateandevenlessfor

accountability.Asaresult,progresswillprobablyremainslow.Sincetheyknowthat

politicalreformleadstoeconomicreform,andhenceposesathreattotheirinterests,

mostoftheLDPwillresistanyrealchanges.Butatleastahandfulofinsidershavenow

boughtintooneofMr.Koizumi'sbestslogans:''ChangetheLDP,changeJapan."

21、ThediversionYasuhisaShizokienjoysismentionedinthetextto

A、tointroducethetopicofeconomicreforms.

B、tohonorhisuniqueservicetotheLDP.

CNtohighlighthisabilitytosolveproblems.

D、toshowhowhesortouthisslogans.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：题干问：”文章中对于下议院在桌上玩弄他的箝的娱乐是为了说

明…”。根据文章的中心可知，目的是为了“引入经济改革的话题”，答案选项表达

了此意。而选项”纪念他对LDP的非凡服务、”提高他解决问题的能力“以及”他是

如何分出自己的口号”皆不符合题意。

22、Theexpression"theLDPmandarins"(Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

cabinetswhoareheldliablefortheirpolicies.

B、thosewhoworkinLDP'spartycommittees.

C、candidatesfbrtwohigherLDPbodies.

D、thosewhoarestronginfavorofreforms.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干问："LDP官员在文中第四段的意思是…”。根据上下文，“LDP

官员”的意思是”在LDP党派委员会中工作的人”，而他们阻碍了改革的一些成员，

答案选项表达了此意。而选项”对政策负有连带责任的”，文章讲的是该负责的不是

议会，而是制造政策的人，他们没有把政策付诸于实施，”两个LDP团体的候选人

”文章提到的不是候选人，”那些支持改革的人，文章谈到的那些人不是支持改革而

是反对改革，所以皆不符合题意。

23、ThebasicproblemofJapaneseeconomyaspointedoutbythewriterliesin

A^itsprimeminister'snegligence.

B>theinefficiencyofitsparliament.

C^itsdefectivepoliticalstructures.

D、theresistancetoanychanges.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题干问：”根据原文，日本经济的基本问题是…”。根据作者逐层否定

的写作思维，作者在第1H然段和文章最后一句提到了「I本经济的基本问题是"它

的有缺陷的政治结构”，答案选项表达了此意。而选项”首相的玩忽执守“，”国会的

无效”以及“对任何改革的阻力”皆不是日本经济的基本问题，不符合题意。

24、Intheeyesoftheauthor,aneconomicreforminJapan

A、shouldprecedeapoliticalreform.

B、cannotdowithoutKoizumi'spopularity.

C^shouldfollowanoverhauloftherules.

D、isanowboomonthehorizon.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题干问：”在作者看来，日本的经济改革根据原文。作者强调的

是政治改革在经济改革之前，所以”应该在政治性的改革之前二答案选项表达了此

意。而选项”与Koizumi的受欢迎度是相关的“，”应该排除对规则的检查“以及"正是

在地平线上的事情”与原文的中心不符。

25、Itseemsthatthewriteisverycriticalof

A、LPDbodies,accountability.

B、theprimeminister.

C、advocatesofeconomicreforms.

D、theLDPmachinery.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干问："根据原文，作者似乎相当批评根据原文，作者批评的

是”LDP的整个机构"。而选项”LDP应该负的责任“，“首相“以及“经济改革的倡导

者”皆不符合题意。

MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesity,thehighincidence

ofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchas

Ritalintorattentiondeficitdisorderarcoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"their

responsibilities."Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthe

bottomendofthesocialspectrum,butlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongthe

affluent/*saidEberstadt,amotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearch

fellowatStanfordUniversity'sHooverInstitution.Accordingtothemostrecentfigures

fromtheUSCensusBureau,41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafter

themselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildren

aged5to14,"scif-carcincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewith

familyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline.'1Eberstadt'sbookisdividingsociologists,

criticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.A

childclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkon

thefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback.P.J.O'Rourke,the

conservativecommentatorandsatirist,supportsEberstadt'sthesis."Ifyoudon'tthink

(her)argumentshavemerit,trytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids,"he

said."Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevision

insteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.

Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheat,

turnherlooseinthepound.'1JamesQ.Wilson,authorofTheMarriageProblem:How

OurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzero

tolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook's"great,unarguablethemethatparentalcareisof

decisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren".Feministcritics,in

contrast,accuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher

"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthink

abouttheirlives".Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome.

"Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanccd,"shesaid."Itdoesn'thavetobe'you'thereafter

school,buttherearcnotenoughprotective,supporting,lovingadultsaround.'1

Neighbourhoods,sheadded,"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkids

justgohome,throwthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfrom

thevideogametotherefrigerator."Theresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnacking

andobesitybutcasualsex,leadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadto

infertilityandcervicalcancer,Eberstadtsaid.

26、Theword,'outsource"(Paragraph1)maybebestreplacedby

A、abandon.

B、renounce.

C、transfer.

D、submit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义题。根据上下文可知，美国的父母把教育子女的责任转移给了学

校、电视等社会机制和娱乐活动，所以“转移”符合文意。“放弃”，“弃绝“，“递交”

都不符合题意。

27、JamesQ.WilsonsupportsMaryEberstadt5snewbookbecause

A、hethinksthemostimportantfactorinshapingthecharacterofourchildrenis

parentalcare.

B、heagreesthatitisourculturethatweakensfamilies.

C^thewayAmericatreatsitskidsissomewhatsimilartothewayonetreatshisdog.

D、heistheauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowourculturehasweakenedFamilies.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。文章第七段第二句提到JamesQ.Wilson支持MaryEberstadt

的观点是因为他认为影响孩子性格形成的最重要因素是父母的关心，所以答案选项

符合文意。”他认为我们的文化削弱了家庭”是JamesQ.Wilson自己所著的书的内

容：”美国人对待自己孩子的方式在某种程度上与对待狗一样”是P.J.O'Rourke的

观点，而不是JamesQ.Wilson的观点；”他是《婚姻问题：我们的文化如何影响婚

姻》的作者”并不是他赞同MaryEbersiadl观点的原因，两者并无因果联系。因此

这三项都与文意不符。

28、MaryEberstadtwouldmostlyagree

A、theproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottemendofthesocialspectrum,

womenshallnotgoouttoworkbutstayathome.

C、childreninrichfamiliesarelackofexercises.

D^leavingchildrenalonewillleadtomanydiseases.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理题。文章最后一段讲到如果让小孩子单独留在家里会引发性病、

不育症、子宫癌等许多疾病，所以答案选项是MaryEberstack认同的观点。文章第

二段第一句提到“我们一般会认为青少年问题大部分发生于社会底层，而事实上，

钥匙儿童更常见于富裕家庭”；文章第八段第一句提到“MaryEberstadt并不是要让

妇女都回到家里“；”有钱人家的孩子缺乏运动”是对文章第九段的狭隘理解。因此

这三项都与文意不符。

29、Thephrase"Taliban-stylethinking"(Line1,Paragraph8)mostprobablyrefersto

A、thewaythatpeopleofTalibanthinks.

B、theguessthatMaryEberstadtmaycomefromTaliban.

C、theconservativewayMaryEberstadtshowsinhernewbook.

D^MaryEberstadt'ssamewayofthinkingasTalibanpeople.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。该句在文中的意思是"女权主义者谴责MaryEbersla出的想

法过于保守"。"Taliban-stylethinking"原意指的是塔利班当地人的思维方式。"the

waythatpeopleofTalibanthinks"是"Taliban-stylethinking”的原意,"对Mary

Ebersla出可能来自塔利班的猜测”是不能从原文中推出来的，"MaryEberstadt与塔

利班人的思维方式一致”是错误的观点。因此只有答案选项符合题意。

30、Thetextismainlyabout

A、theintroductionofthewonderfulcontentsofMaryEberstadt^newbook.

thepublishmentofanewbookandreactionsfromthesociety.

C、thehighincidenceofmanysocialproblemsresultingfromthefaultofparents.

D、thephenomenonthatlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent.

标准答案：R-

知识点解析：主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了MaryEberstadt的新书以及

社会各界对其赞同或否定的观点。因此，”新书的出版及社会各界的反应”是正确选

项。”MaryEbersta出新书中精彩内容的介绍”太过笼统；”很多由于父母的失职而导

致的社会问题的高发生率“和“钥匙儿童常见于富裕家庭的现象”都是MaryEberstadt

新书中的具体内容，不能作为本文的主旨。

Allthatwereallyneedtoplotoutthefutureofouruniverseareafewgood

measurements.Thisdoesnotmeanthatwecansitdowntodayandoutlinethefuture

courseoftheuniversewithanythinglikecertainty.Therearestilltoomanythingswedo

notknowaboutthewaytheuniverseisputtogether.Butwedoknowexactlywhat

informationweneedtofillinourknowledge,andwehaveaprettygoodideaofhowto

goaboutgettingit.Perhapsthebestwaytothinkofourpresentsituationistoimaginea

traincomingintoaswitchyard.Alloftheswitchesaresetbeforethetrainarrives,sothat

itspathiscompletelydetermined.Someswitcheswecansee,otherswecannot.Thereis

noambiguityifwecanseethesettingofaswitch:wecansaywithconfidencethatsome

possiblefutureswillnotmaterializeandotherswill.Attheunseenswitches,however,

thereisnosuchcertainty.Wcknowthetrainwilltakeoneofthetracksleadingout,but

wehavenoideawhichone.Theunseenswitchesarethetruedecisionpointsinthe

future,andwhathappenswhenwearriveatthemdeterminestheentiresubsequentcourse

ofevents.Whenwethinkaboutthefutureoftheuniverse,wecanseeour"track"many

billionsofyearsintothefuture,butafterthattherearedecisionpointstobedealtwith

andpossiblefatestoconsider.Thegoalofscienceistoreducetheambiguityatthe

decisionpointsandfindthetrueroadthatwillbefollowed.

31、Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttobecertainaboutthedistantfutureofthe

universebecausewe.

A、havetoomanyconflictingtheories

B、donothaveenoughfundingtocontinueourresearch

C、arenotsurehowtheuniverseisputtogether

D、havefocusedourinvestigationsonthemoonandplanets

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段所述，我们今天尚不能坐下来，并有把握地勾勒出宇宙的

未来，我们不知道许多关于宇宙构成的情况。

32Whatdoestheauthorseeasthefunctionoftheuniverse'sunseen"switches"?

A、Theytelluswhichoneofthetrackstheuniversewilluse.

B、Theyenableustoalterthecourseoftheuniverse.

C、Theygiveusinformationaboutthelunarsurface.

D、Theydeterminewhichcoursetheuniversewilltakeinthefuture.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第二段最后一句可知，所谓无形的“转换器”是未来真正的关口，

它决定着事物的发展方向。

33、Forwhomistheauthorprobablywritingthispassage?

A、Trainengineers.

Generalaudiences.

C、Professorsofstatistics.

D、Youngchildren.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：因为本文是一篇科普文章，是关于人类现在对宇宙认识程度的一般性

的介绍性论述，意在向大众读者介绍宇宙知识，所以应选Generalaudiences。

34、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

A、Astatementillustratedbyananalogy.

B、Ahypothesissupportedbydocumentation.

C^Acomparisonoftwocontrastingtheories.

D^Acriticalanalysisofacommonassumption.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在本文中运用了类比的方法，即把人类对宇宙发展的今天和未来的认

识比作火车已进入火车调车场和火车将要进入调车场，阐述了在第一段中提出的论

点。

35、Theword"track"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A、waysoflife

B、marksofcars

C、orbitsofplanets

D、acourseforracing.

标准答案：A

知识点》析：在最后一段中，作者谈到，当我们想到宇宙的未来，我们能够想到我

们未来若干年后生活的道路，但对其具体情况却不得而知。根据题意，所选答案是

正确选项。

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitand

lifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,or

fromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoo

diversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensus

inthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,as

Homer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslater,whatitmeanttobeGreek,and

bywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Most

societiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommon

religion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearcbasedonallofthese.But

theUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.

Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecome

characteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelack

ofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteracta

tendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLash

saysthatmodernman,"torturedbysclf-consciousncss,turnstonewtherapiesnottofree

himselfofhispersonalworrieshuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomething

tolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andv/e

havelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsor

politicalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreat

individualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory;butthisleadstodisunity,even

chaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasociety

basedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethan

societiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwcarctohaveconsensus,it

mustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeus

Americans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommon

mythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermit

ustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsareshared

fantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Such

mythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness一in

short,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

36、Thistextismainlyintendedto

A、explorecertainwaysofmakingforaconsensus.

B、spotlighttheroleofmythsinbindingacommunity.

C>interpretthemeaningandpurposeofmodernlife.

D、reversethedeclineofsocialstandardsandvalues.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、FromthetextwelearnthatChristopherLashismostprobably

A、areformadvocate.

B、asocialpsychologist.

C、areputedpoet.

D^ahistoricalspecialist.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Americansmayfindthemselvesinasocietycharacterizedby

A、extremestress.

B、worryandsuffering.

C、sharedbeliefs.

D^voidandisolation.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto

A、exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets.

B、showanidealconceptofwhatlifeoughttobe.

C>illustratetheroleofsharedmythsinsociety.

D、makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe.

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、TheauthorconcludesthatonlysharedmythscanhelpAmericans

A、tobringabouttheuniformityoftheirculture.

B、toregaintheirconsensusaboutacommonexperience.

C、toperceivetheeffectsofconsensusaboutsociety.

D、tostayawayfromnegativefeelingsintheirlife.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。）

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.Choosethemost

suitableheadingfromthelistforeachnumberedparagraph.Thefirstandlastparagraphs

ofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.A.

Extensiveapplicationsofhaptictechnology.B.Possibilitiesrenderedbyhaptic

mechanisms.C.Thefeasibilityofextendingoursensesandexploringabstractuniverses.

D.Anexampleoftheprogressinscienceofhaptics.E.Bringingthepotentialofour

sensesintofullplay.F.Willhapticsstepintoabrightfuture?"OOOF!MUsingyour

mouse,youheaveadatafileacrossthescreen—acoupleofgigabytesofdataweighalot.

Itsroughsurfacetellsyouthatitisagraphicsfile.Havingtippedthishugepileofdata

intoahopperthatsendsittotherightprogram,youexamineascreenimageoftheforest

trailyou'llbehikingonyourVacation.Then,usingaglovedhand,youmasteritsdetails

byrunningyourfingersoveritsforksandbends,itssharprisesandfalls.Lateryousend

anE-mailtoyourbeloved,bendingtothedeskpadtoattachakiss.(41).The

scienceofhaptics(fromtheGreekhaptesthai,"totouch**)ismakingthesefantasiesreal.

Afewprimitivedevicesareextendinghuman-machinecommunicationbeyondvision

andsound.Hapticjoysticksandsteeringwheelsforcomputergamesarcalreadygiving

happyplayerssomeofthesensationsofpilotingaspaceship,drivingaracingcarorfiring

weapons.Intime,hapticinterfacesmayallowustomanipulatesinglemolecules,feel

cloudsandgalaxies,evenreachintohigherdimensionstograspthesubtlestructuresof

mathematics.(42).Mostofoursensesarepassive.Inhearingandvision,for

example,thesoundorlightissimplyreceivedandanalyzed.Buttouchisdifferent:we

activelyexploreandalterrealitywithourhands,sothesameactionthatgathers

informationcanalsochangetheworld—tomodelapieceofclayorpressabutton,for

example.Inprovidingdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchcarriesemotionalimpact.

Andinprovidingdirectcontactwiththeworld,itisthesuresignofreality,asin"pinch

me一amIdreaming?"(43).Somesmallstepshaveevenbeentakentowards

whole-bodyhaptics.TouchTechnologyofNovaScotia,Canada,hasbuiltahapticchair.

Itlookslikeafulllengthloungechairinafamilyden,butitssurfaceisstuddedwith72

"tactors"一pneumaticpistonrods,coveredwithroundedbutton