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考研英语(二)模拟试卷184

一、完形填空(本题共20题,每题1.0分,共20分。)

Haveyoueverlookedatsomeoneelse*slifewith[Cl]Justenoughenvythat

youwishforamomentor(wo(orlonger)thatyou[C2]bethem?Michelle

Obamawithhercombinationofgraceandpassion;GeorgeClooneywithhisstylish

attractivenessandironichumor;UsainBoltorLionelMessiorsomeothericonof[C31

.Tobesure,thereare[C4]here.Ifyou[C5]someoneelse's

life,whowouldraiseyourchildrenorloveyour[C6]ortakecareofyour

parentsintheiroldage?Infact,ifyouweresomeoneelse,yoiirownchildrenwouldnot

havecomeinto[C7]inthefirstplace.That'snotahappythought.To[C8]

this,perhaps(hebestwaytocast(hisisintermsofatrade:Ifyouhadtheirlife

thentheywouldhaveyours,andliveit[C9]asyouwouldhave.Your

responsibilitieswouldbe[CIO],sotherewouldbenothingtofeelguiltyabout.

Oneimmediatereservationaboutwantingsomeoneelse'sexperienceisthatmydesireto

besomeoneelseis[Cl1]invaluesanddesiresthatIhave,andsoIhavetobe

[C12]inordertowanttobehim.[C13],it'snotclearthatthat

presentsanyrealhurdletosuchadesire.Icouldsaythatitispreciselybymyownlights

thattheexperienceofbeingthemwouldbe[C14],andthattherewouldbeat

leastenoughoverlapwiththemthattheyareachievingmyvaluesanddesiresbuthavea

belterexperience(hanIdo.SoIcanstill[C15]tobethem.Ithinkthat,on

reflection,mostofuswouldnotwanttotradewithanotherperson,nomatterhow

successfulorenticingtheirlivesseem-orevenareinreality.Toseewhy,though,we'll

needto[C16]ourangleofvision.Wewillhavetolookatourownexperiences

[C17]attheirs,orperhapslookatourexperiencesfirst.WhatwouldIbe

willingtogive[08]tobeanother?Myrelationshipswith[C19]—

children,spouse,friendandmywholehistory.Iwouldn'thaveundergoneit.My

[C20]wouldbethatofthewholeofmyownexperience.

1、[Cl]

A、jealousy

B、admiration

C、prejudice

D、envy

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本句意为“你有没有带着之情关注过别人的生活?''根据下文的

envy一词,可确定答案为D°jealousy"嫉妒"、admiration“赞美"和prejudice"偏见”

均与题意不符。

2、[C2]

A、may

B、will

C、could

D、shall

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“以至于你有片刻时间(或者更长时间)希望自己_____成为

他们?”根据上文的wish一词可知,此处考查的是虚拟语气,可确定答案为C。A、

B、D三项均不是情态动词的虚拟语气,均与题意不符。

3、[C3]

A、sport

B、literature

C、fashion

D、film

标准答案:A

知识》解析:本句意为“还有尤赛恩-博尔特或利昂内尔-梅西这些明星”。根

据常识可知,尤赛恩•博尔特和利昂内尔•梅西都是体育明星,故sport“体育”符合题

意。literature“文学”、fashion“时尚”和film“电影”均与题意不符。

4、[C4]

A^paradoxes

B、complications

C、contraries

D、benefits

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本句意为“可以肯定的是,这里面有根据下文作者观点“如

果你别人的生活,谁来养育你的孩子、爱你的或是照顾你年迈的父母

呢?”可知,成为他人会遇到一党问题,故complications(问题;并发症)符合题意。

paradoxes“矛盾"、comrades,'对立面”和benefits“益处”均与题意不符。

5、[C5]

A、experience

B、expect

C、had

D、pursue

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“如果你别人的生活,谁来养育你的孩子……该句

是由if引导的条件句,联系下文关键词wouldraise可知,该句是虚拟语气结构,

即If+主语+动词的过去式,主语+would(could,should,might),故可确定答案为

C°A、B、D三项均为动词原形,可排除掉。

6、[C6]

A^spouse

B、relative

C、friend

D、family

标准答案:A

知识点解析:本句意为“谁来养育你的孩子、爱你的或是照顾你年迈的父母

呢?”根据下文中children,parents可知,这里少了“爱人”一词,故spouse"配偶”符

合题意。relative“亲人”、friend“朋友”和family“家人”在概念上都过于笼统,均与题

意不符。

7、[C7]

A、being

B、existence

C、power

D^sight

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本句意为“事实上,如果你成了别人,你自己的孩子就不会

其言外之意是你若成为别人,自己就不会拥有现在的孩子,故comeini。

existence“存在”较为合适。comeintobeing“形成"、comeintopower“掌权"和come

山比sighi”进入视野,均与题意不符。

8、[C8]

A^approach

B、face

C、address

D、end

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“为了,也许最好的办法就是互换“。通过下文关键词

thebestway可知,address”解决”符合题意。approach“接近"、face“面对”和end”结

束'’均与题意不符.

9、[C9]

A、hardly

nearly

C、narrowly

D^exactly

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本句意为“如果你拥有了他们的人生,那么他们也会拥有你的人生,

就像你这样生活根据下文“你的责任将会有人,所以没有什么可内

疚的”可知,若他人成为你自己,其会按照你现在的牛活方式牛活,故exactly“完

C>However

D^Indeed

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“,这种前提不一定是实现这种愿望的真正障碍根

据句意可知其为转折关系,即作者认为成为“我”不是成为“他人”的障碍,故可确定

答案为C,即however“然而”符合题意。therefore"因此“、because“因为”和

indeed“的确”均与题意不符。

14、[C14]

A、better

B、harder

C、wiser

D、happier

标准答案:A

知识点解析:本句意为“我可以说,正是由于我自身的看法,才会感觉,成为他们‘

这种体验会下文作者提出“这种体验会'的原因,即“他们正在实现

我的价值观和欲望,但是比我做得更好”,且根据关键词abetterexperience可确定

答案为A。

15、[C15]

A、decide

B、choose

C、prefer

D^plan

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“所以我仍然成为他们该句前面部分写出了“成为

他人”的原因,即“他们正在实现我的价值观和欲望,但是比我做得更好”,相对于

先成为“自己”而言,自己更倾向于成为“他人”,可推断C项符合题意。decide”决

定"、choose“选择”和plan“计划”均与题意不符。

16、[C16]

A、consider

B、switch

C、enlarge

D^form

标准答案:B

知识点解析:本句意为“不过,为了解释其中的原因,我们需要_____自己的视

角根据下文“我们必须审视自己的体验,他们的体验,或者说,首先审视

我们自身的体验”可确定答案为B项,即我们应转换自己的视角,重视自己的体

验。consider”考虑”、enlarge“扩大”和form”形成,均与题意不符。

17、[C17]

A^besides

B、lessthan

C、ratherthan

except

标准答案:C

知识点解析:本句意为“我们必须审视自己的体验,他们的体验联系下文

可知,该句后面内容都是以“我”的角度来审视问题,并非“他人”,故ratherthan”而

不是“符合题意。besides意为“除了考虑,我,的体验,还要考虑,他人,的”,显然不符

合题意。lessthan“少于”与文意不符。except用在此处搭配不当,故可确定答案为

Co

18、[C18]

A、up

B、in

C、away

D、out

标准答案:A

知识点解析:本句意为“为了成为他人,我愿意什么呢?''根据下文的t。be

anoiher(成为另一个人)可推出,这里应该为放弃自己,成为他人,故可确定答案为

Aogivein“投降”、giveaway“泄露”和giveout“分发”均与题意不符。

19、[C191

A、none

B、someone

C、anyone

D、everyone

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本句意为“我与身边_____人一孩子,配偶,朋友——的关系,以

及我的全部历史吗?”根据作者所举“孩子,配偶,朋友”和该句关键词“我的全部历

史'‘可确定答案为D,即“我”与所有人的关系。none“没有人",someone“一些人”均

与文意不符。anyone“任何一个”,弓虽调个体“everyone“所有人”,强调整体,符合

题意。

2。、[C20]

A^regret

B、fate

C、concern

D、loss

标准答案:D

知识点解析:本句意为“我的可能意味着我自身的全部体验上文作者对

“为了成为他人,自己放弃了身功所有人及全部历史”提出质疑,实际上作者不愿意

这么做,因为其意味着损失,故可确定答案为D。regret“后悔”、ftne“命运”和

concern“担忧”均与题意不符。

二、阅读理解(本题共25题,每题分,共25分。)

Inasweepingchangetohowmostofits1,800employeesarepaid,theUnionSquare

HospitalityGroupwilleliminatetippingatUnionSquareCafeandits12other

restaurantsbytheendofnextyear,thecompany'schiefexecutive,DannyMeyer,saidon

Wednesday.ThemovewillaffectNewYorkCitybusinesses.Thefirstwillbethe

Modern,insidetheMuseumofModernArt,startingnextmonth.Theotherswill

graduallyfollow.Asmallnumberofrestaurantsaroundthecountryhavereducedor

eliminatedtippinginthelastseveralyears.Someputasurchargeonthebill,allowingthe

restaurantstosetthepayforalltheiremployees.Others,includingBrunoPizza,anew

restaurantintheEastVillage,factorthecostofanhourlywageforserversintotheir

menuprices.UnionSquareHospitalityGroupwilldothelatter.TheModernwillbethe

pilotrestaurant,Mr.Meyersaid,becauseitschef,AbramBissell,hasbeenagitatingfor

higherpaytoattractskilledcooks.Theaveragehourlywageforkitchenemployeesatthe

restaurantisexpectedtoriseto$15.25from$11.75.Mr.Meyersaidthatrestaurantssuch

ashisneededtostaycompetitiveasthestatemovedtoa$15minimumwageforfast­

foodworkers.Ifcooks'wagesdonotkeeppacewiththecostofliving,hesaid,"it'snot

goingtobesustainabletoattracttheculinarytalentthatthecityneedstokeepitsedge."

Mr.Meyersaidhehopedtobeabletoraisepayforjuniordiningroommanagersandfor

cooks,dishwashersandotherkitchenworkers.Thewagegapisoneofseveralissues

citedbyrestaurateurswhohavedeletedthetiplinefromchecks.Somebelieveitisunfair

forservers'paytobeaffectedbyfactorsthathavenothingtodowithperformance.Arash

ofclass-actionlawsuitsovertippingirregularities,manyofwhichhavebeensettledfor

millionsofdollars,isamountingwoiry.ScottRosenberg,anownerofSushiYasudain

Manhattan,saidinaninterviewin2013thathehadeliminatedtippingsohisrestaurant

couldmorecloselyfollowthecustomsofJapan,wheretippingisrare.Hesaidhealso

hopedhiscustomerswouldenjoyleavingthetablewithouthavingtosolveamath

problem.WhileDrewNieporsnt,whoownsninerestaurantsinNewYorkCityandonein

London,saidhedoubtedtheaveragedinerwouldacceptanincreaseinprices."Tippingis

awayoflifein(hiscountry,"hesaid."Itmaynotbetheperfectsystem,butit'sour

system.I('sanAmericansystem."

21Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninNewYorkCity?

A、1,800employeesoftheUnionSquareHospitalityGroupwillbepaidasmuchas

before.

B、Tipsin13restaurantsoftheUnionSquareHospitalityGroupwillberemoved.

C、AllthebusinesswillbeaffectedbyDannyMeyer'sactionandeliminatetipping.

D、TherewillbeanewtippingsystemintheModem,insidetheMuseumofModem

Art

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第•段。根据该段第-句中的the

UnionSquareHospitalityGroupwilleliminatetippingatUnionSquareCateandits12

otherrestaurants可知,联合广场餐饮集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另外12家

餐馆的小费,共取消13家餐馆的小费。由此可知B项“联合广场餐饮集团的13家

餐馆的小费将被取消”为正确答案,A项“联合广场餐饮集团的1800名员工获得的

酬劳将与以前一样“与文中的Inasweepingchange"为了彻底改变"不符。C项的All

太绝对了,文中主要指餐饮业受影响。原文说的是下个月将开始取消小费,并不是

制定一个新的小费制度,所以D项不符,故排除。

22>By"dothelatter"(Para.2),thewriterprobablymeansUnionSquareHospitality

Groupwill.

A、reducetips

B、decreaseprices

C、explainthatpricesinclude"hospitality"

D、provideblanklinesfortipsonchecks

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干关键词定位到第二段。该段的首句是主题句“在过

去几年里,美国的少数几家餐馆减少或取消了小费”,第二、三句分别介绍了两个

情况,句首由Some和Others引导。第四句说了联合广场餐饮集团的做法,将采用

后者,即Others所在的句子。factor作为动词,意为“把……作为因素计人”,故第

三句意为“还有些餐馆是把服务员的平均小时工资加到菜价里因此C项“解释说

明菜价包含‘服务费与文章一致,为正确答案。A项“减少小费”和B项“降低菜价”

明显错误。D项”在账单上留出填写小费的空白栏”是前者的做法,也排除。

23、WhydoesDannyMeyermaketheModernbethefirstrestauranttoeliminate

lipping?

A、Tipscannotbedistributedtoitsskilledcooks.

B、Itschefarguesstronglyforhigherpaytoattractculinarytalents.

C、Thewagesitscooksearndonotkeeppacewiththecostofliving.

D、Compensationchefsreceiveremainsroughlythesamewithservers.

标准答案:B、.

知识点解析:细节题。题干中部分关键词在第一段中出现过,但与题干问题相关的

内容出现在第三段。该段第一句中的pilot相当于题干中的thefirst,该句意为“梅

耶说,现代餐厅之所以成为试点餐厅是因为它的大厨艾布拉姆-比塞尔一直主张通

过支付更高的报酬来吸引熟练厨师”,故B项“它的大厨主张通过支付更高的报酬

来吸引熟练厨师”为正确答案,B项中的arguesstrongly和culinarytalents分别是文

中agitating和skilledcooks的同义替换。A项“小费不能分配给它的熟练厨师”的干

扰性较大,但B项更佳。C、D两项原文没有提及,也不是题干的原因。

24>Itisunfairthatservers5paymaybeaffectedbyEXCEPT.

A^theirservice

B、theweather

C、raceandage

D、theircustomer'smoods

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。根据该段第二句“有些人认

为,服务员的报酬受到与服务表现无关的因素的影响,这样很不公平”可知,B项

“天气”、C项“种族和年龄”和D项“顾客心情”均与服务表现无关,如果按照这三类

情况给小费的话,就会不公平。运用排除法,A项“服务”为正确答案。

25、Theauthor'sattitudetowardstips'eliminationseemstobe.

A、favorable

B、skeptical

C、uncertain

D^objective

标准答案:D

知识点解析:态度题。根据题干关键词定位到全文。第一段指出文章的话题“联合

广场餐饮集团的首席执行官丹尼-梅耶说,该集团将取消联合广场咖啡馆和旗下另

外12家餐馆的小费”。第二段说明取消小费的形式。第三、四段说明原因。最后一

段是不同餐馆老板对这一举措的不同态度。作者就事论事,态度是客观的,故D

项为正确答案。A项“赞同的”、B项“怀疑的”和C项“不确定的”均排除。

OnherfirstmorninginAmerica,lastsummer,mydaughterwentouttoexplorehernew

neighborhood—alone,withouteventellingmywifeorme.Ofcoursewewereworried;

wehadjustmovedfromBerlin,andshewasjust8.Butwhenshecamehome,we

realizedwchadnoreasontopanic.Beamingwithpride,shetoldushowshehad

discoveredthelittleparkaroundthecorner,andhadmadefriendswithafewlocaldog

owners.Shehadtakenpossessionofhernewenvironment,andwaskeentoteachus

thingswedidn'tknow.WhenthisstorycomesupinconversationswithAmerican

friends,weareusuallymetwithpolitedisbelief.Mostarehorrifiedbytheideathattheir

childrenmightroamaroundwithoutadultsupervision.AstudybytheUniversityof

California,LosAngeles,hasfoundthatAmericankidsspend90percentoftheirleisure

timeathome.Evenwhenkidsarephysicallyactive,theyarewatchedcloselybyadults.

Suchnarrowingofthechild'sworldhashappenedacrossthedevelopedworld.But

Germanyisgenerallymuchmoreacceptingoflettingchildrentakesomerisks.Tothis

Germanparent,itseemsthatAmerica'smiddleclasshastakenoverprotectiveparenting

toanewlevel."Wearedeprivingthemofopportunitiestolearnhowtotakecontrolof

theirownlives,"writesPeterGray,aresearchprofessoratBostonCollege.Heargues

thatthisincreases"thechancethattheywillsufferfromanxiety,depression,andsoon,"

whichhavegoneupdramaticallyinrecentdecades.Heseesrisky,outsideplayof

childrenamongthemselveswithoutadultsupervisionasawayoflearningtocontrol

strongemotionslikeangerandfear.IamnopsychologistlikeProfessorGray,butIknow

1won'tbearoundforevertoprotectmygirlfromthechallengeslifeholdsinstorefor

her,sotheearliershedeveloptheintellectualmaturitytonavigatetheworld,thebetter.

Andbygivingkidsmorecontrolover(heirlives,(heylearncchavemoreconfidencein

(heirowncapabilities.Itishardforparentstobalancethedesiretoprotecttheirchildren

againstthedesiretomakethemmoreself-reliant.Andeveryoneofushastodecidefor

himselfwliallevelufiibklieisicadytoaccept.Buipaicutswhopicfcitokeepllicii

childrenalwaysinsightandundertheirthumbsshouldconsiderwhatsonoftrade-offs

areinvolvedinthatchoice.

26WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor,sdaughter?

A、Shewentoutwithoutadultsupervision.

B、Sheknewwherethelittleparkwaslocated.

C、Shevisitedhernewneighborsandmadesomefriends.

D^Shehadmoreideasaboutthesurroundingsthantheauthor.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干关键词定位到第一段。C项的neighbors是对文中

explorehernewneighborhood的误解,因此C项为正确答案。首句提到“她就走出

去探索新的社区了——独自一人,甚至没告诉我和我太太”,A项“她在没有成年人

监护的情况下走出去”,withoutadultsupervision是句中alone,withouteven

telling…的同义替换,因此符合文意。B项“她知道小公园坐落在哪儿”与文中的she

haddiscoveredthelittleparkaroundthecorner意思一致。D项“她比作者对手周围的

环境知道得更多”与文中的teachusthingswcdidn'tknow意思一致。

27DifferentfromAmericankids,Germankids.

A、areallowedtobefacedwithsomerisks

B、spendabout10%oftheirfreetimealhome

C、willbeoverprotectedwhenmovedinAmerica

D、aremoreself-reliantthankidsinanyotherdevelopedcountries

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。倒数第二句提到“然而,德

国人通常更愿意接受让孩子们面对一些风险”,A项中的allowed,befacedwith

somerisks是句中accepting,lettingchildrentakesomerisks的同义替换,故A项为

正确答案。B项”(德国儿童)大约11%的闲暇时间是在家中度过的”与原文不符。C

项“(德国儿童.)移居到美国后将被过分地保护”和D项”(德国儿童)比其他任何发达国

家的儿童都更加自立”原文没有提及。

28、AccordingtoPeterGray,ovcrprotcctionmayleadto.

A、underlyingrisks

B、mentaldisorders

C、adolescentrebellion

D、emotionalproblems

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。彼得-格雷观点中的

increases»thechance,sufferfrom与题干中的leadto表意一致,而文中的

anxiety“焦虑”,depression“抑郁”都属于精神障碍,故B项是二者最准确的上义

词,为正确答案。A项“潜在的风险”,C项“青春期的叛逆”和D项“情感问题”均太

宽泛,不如B项概括准确,故排除。

29>Theauthor5sattitudetowardslooseningthecontroloverkidsis

A^confident

B、objective

C、critical

D、supportive

标准答案:D

知识点解析:态度题。根据题干关键词定位到第四、五段。第四段结尾作者指出

“让孩子对自己的生活有更多控制权,他们就会对自己的能力有更多信心”,并结合

第五段的Itishardforparentstobalance...WBut后的内容,可以推断出对于放松对

儿童的控制,作者是持支持态度的,故D项为正确答案。A项“自信的”,B项“客

观的”和C项“批判的”均不符合文意,故排除。

30Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.

A、TheCaseforFree-rangeParenting

B、TheDrawbackofAdultSupervision

C、ProtectionorHands-offManagement

D、AmericanParentingvs.GermanParenting

标准答案:A

知识点解析:主旨题。文章第一段作者讲了自己女儿独自一人熟悉新社区的一段故

事。第二段首句承上启下,并指出美国家长和德国家长在监护儿童时完全不同的态

度和方式,当然作者作为德国家长,采取的是“散养”的方式。第三段通过波士顿学

院研究教授彼得•格雷的观点.进步指出过分地控制儿童对其不利的面。笫四

段重申自己的观点“让孩子对自己的生活有更多控制权,他们就会对自己的能力有

更多信心”。第五段提到在“保护孩子”和“让孩子自立”上,很难取舍,但还是希望

家长们认真考虑得与失。综上所述,A项“家长散养孩子的案例”为正确答案,其他

三项均偏离了主题,故排除。

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandto

sociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheir

responsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficial

relationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyof

researchhasrevealedthatthe"obvious"isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,

youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarea

residentofasmallercommunity.But,for(hemostpart,(hisfacthasfewsignificant

consequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyou

willknownooneelse.Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithin

small,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,(henumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationships

donotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremore

involvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydeveloping

friendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduce

adifferentstifleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Nor

areresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsof

stressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanarcresidentsofsmallercommunities.

However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsiliumloadistrustof

strangers.Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.If

neighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweep(hesidewalkofan

elderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,

theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity'spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.

Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityis

associatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealso

morelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplay

lessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,and

tobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-called

undesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobe

outcomesoflargepopulationsize.

31、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirst

paragraph?

A、Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B、Anargumentisexamineeandpossiblesolutionsgiven.

C、Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D^Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:结构题。本题考查了笫一段的结构,也就是写作手法。这种题型很少

出现,但根据阅读的基本常识,尤其是第一段中间的however提示,我们可以非常

清楚地知道这一段的结构就是两种不同观点的对比。However经常用来引出的是作

者的观点,而且一般是新政观点和文章的主题,故答案为A项。

32、Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents.

A、didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors

B、couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C、tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior

D、usuallyhadmorefriends

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。关键词是commonbelief、urbanresidents,这道题目考查的

是however之前的内容,即旧观点。答案带有本文关键词:relationships。B项“城

市居民不能够形成持久、深入的关系”,属于正话反说,但与原文意思一致,故B

项为正确答案.

33、Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamong

neighbors.

A、disruptpeople,snaturalrelations

B、makethemworryaboutcrime

C、causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D、causethemtothesuspiciousofeachother

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。关键词是consequences、impersonalrelationshipsamong

ne出hbors(邻居之间没有感情的关系),根据原文第三段第二句:如果邻居们互相都

不认识,那么他们就不太可能为居住在隔壁的老夫妇打扫人行道,或者注意小淘气

鬼们。该句的条件关系是一个重要的考点,经常转化成考直因果关系。因此C项

正确答案。A项的错误在于并不是邻居之间的冷漠破坏了人们之间的自然关系,两

者间不存在因果关系;同样,邻居关系的疏远也不是他们担心犯罪的原因,也没有

造成邻里之间互相猜疑,故B、D两项也不对。

34Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat(hebiggeracommunityis.

A^thebetteritsqualityoflife

B、themoresimilaritsinterests

C、themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D、thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

标准答案;C

知识点解析:推断题。根据题干中的关键词thebiggeracommunityis可确定它与第

三段有关系。第三段的观点句与题干有关的有两句。一句在中间,由Moreover引

出:一个社区的人口和它的社会多样性之间可能有联系;另外是最后一句(seemto

be)多样化和与众不同的行为看起来是人口规模大所带来的后果。作者还举例说

明:大城市居民与和他们地位相似的小城镇居民相比,大城市居民们更可能有见多

识广的见解,对传统的亲戚关系的作用也表现出较少的贡任感,更可能选举左翼的

政治候选人,更可能容忍非传统的宗教团体,不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢

迎的人。从各方面考虑,多样化和异常行为看来是大的人口规模带来的后果。综上

所述,C项“更加容忍、思想开明”,是对这些句子的最好概括,故C项为正确答

案。

35、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall(own

dwellers.

B、Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C、Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodernlife.

D、Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:主旨题。通过语篇分析和本文的主题关键词——人际关系的比较,我

们可以确定答案为A项“城市居民和小城镇居民之间人际关系方面的类似之处。

Thereweresomeconsistentpatternsamongtheheavierreaders:Fortheyounger

children—ages6to11—beingreadaloudtoregularlyandhavingrestrictedonlinetime

werecorrelatedwithfrequentreading;fortheolderchildren-ages12to17-oneofthe

largestpredictorswaswhethertheyhadtimetoreadontheirownduringtheschoolday.

Thefindingaboutreadingaloudtochildrenlongaftertoddlerhoodmaycomeasa

surprisetosomeparentswhoreadbookstochildrenatbedtimewhentheywerevery

youngbutthenlaperedoff.Lastsummer,(heAmericanAcademyofPediatrics

announcedanewpolicyrecommendingthatallparentsreadtotheirchildrenfrombirth.

"Alotofparentsassumethatoncekidsbegintoreadindependently,thatnowthatisthe

bestthingforthemtodo,"saidMaggieMcGuire,thevicepresidentforawebsitefor

parentsoperatedbyScholastic.Butreadingaloudthroughelementaryschoolseemedto

beconnected(oaloveofreadinggenerally.Accordingtotherepon,41percentof

frequentreadersages6to10werereadaloudtoathome,whileonly13percentof

infrequentreaderswerebeingreadto.Ofcourse,childrenwholovetoreadaregenerally

immersedinhouseholdswithlotsofbooksandparentswholiketoread.Sowhileparents

whoreadtotheirchildrenlaterinelementaryschoolmayencouragethosechildrento

becomefrequentreadersontheirown,suchbehaviorcanalsoresultfrom"awhole

constellationofotherthingsthatgoesoninthosefamilies,"saidTimothyShanahan,a

pastpresidentoftheInternationalReadingAssociation.Thereisnotyetstrongresearch

(hatconnectsreadingaloudalolderagestoimprovedreadingcomprehension.Butsome

literacyexpertssaidthatwhenparentsorteachersreadaloudiochildrenevenafterthey

canread(hemselves,thechildrencanhearmorecomplexwordsorstoriesthanthey

mighttacklethemselves."It'sthisideaofmarinatingchildreninhigherlevel

vocabulary,"saidPamAllyn,founderofLitWorkl.Org,anonprofitgroupthatworksto

increaseliteracyamongyoungpeople,"Theread-aloudcanreallyliftthechild."Other

literacyexpertssaytherealvalueofreadingtochildrenishelpingtodevelopbackground

knowledgeinallkindsoftopicsaswellasexposuretosophisticatedlanguage.

36、Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、theyoungerchildrenandtheolderchildrenhavethesamereadingpatterns

B、fortheyoungerchildren,beingreadaloudregularlyisgoodlotheirschooldays

C、fortheolderchildren,havingtimetoreadindependentlyisveryimportant

D、fortheolderchildren,havingrestrictedonlinetimeisgoodtodevelopreadinghabits

标准答案:C、

知识点解析:推断题。根捱题干关键词定位到第一段。根据原文fortheolder

children-ages12to17-Oneofthelargestpredictorswaswhether由eyhadtimeto

readontheirownduringtheschoolday推断出C项”对于年龄较大的孩子来说,自主

阅读很重要”为正确答案,其中readindependently是对ontheirown的同义替换。A

项“年幼的孩子和年龄较大的孩子有相同的阅读模式''是对笫一句的曲解。B项“对

于年幼的孩子,时常听父母大声朗读,对其学校生活有益”在第一句没有提及。D

项“对于年龄较大的孩子,限制上网时间对其培养阅读习惯是有益的”属于过度推

断。

37、Thephrase"taperedoff"(Para.2)probablymeans.

A、stoppedhalfway

B、declinedgradually

Csturnedoff

D、readoccasionally

标准答案:B

知识点解析:含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据Thefindingaboul

readingaloudtochildrenlongaftertoddlerhoodmaycomeasasurprisetosomeparents

whoreadbookstochildrenatbedtimewhentheywereveryyoungbutthentaperedoff.

可以推断出,一些家长在孩子很小的时候,经常在睡前给他们读书,但随后逐渐减

少。taper意为“逐渐减少;逐渐缩小”,taperoff为固定搭配,意为“逐渐减少”,故

B项为正确答案。A项“中途停下”;C项,,关上,关掉”和D项••偶尔阅读”均不符合

题意,故排除。

38、Theauthormentions"thereport"inParagraph3toshowthat.

A、readingaloudthroughelementaryschoolisrelatedtochildren'sreadinghabits

MaggieMcGuire,sviewpointiswrong

C、manyparentsthinkthatchildrenreadindependentlyisthebestthing

D^(hereisdifferencebetweenfrequentreadersandinfrequentreaders

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。原文Butreadingaloud

throughelementaryschoolseemedtobeconnectedtoaloveofreading

generally.Accordingtothereport...,因此A项“在孩子的整个小学阶段坚持给他们

朗读与孩子阅读习惯的形成有关”为正确答案。B项“玛吉-麦圭尔的观点是错的”,

C项“许多父母认为看到孩子自主阅读是最好的事情”,D项“频繁阅读者与非频繁

阅读者之间没有区别”均与原文不符,故排除。

39、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraphs4-5?

A、Childrenwholiketoreadarcusuallyinfluencedbyparents.

B、Thefamilyatmosphereiscrucialtochildren'sreadingbehavior.

C、Noobviousevidenceprovesreadingaloudatolderagescanstrengthenreading

comprehension.

D、Someliteracyexpertsbelievethereisnosignificancetoreadaloudforolderchildren.

标准答案:D'\

知识点解析:细节题。根捱题干关键词定位到第四、五段。此类题目可用排除法。

A项“爱读书的孩子通常会受到父母的影响”与childrenwholovetoreadaregenerally

immersedinhouseholdswithlotsofbooksandparentswholiketoread相符;B项“家

庭氛围对孩子的阅读行为是非常重要的”是对suchbehaviorcanalsoresultfrom“a

wholeconstellationofothertningsthatgoesoninthosefamilies”这句话的正确理解;C

项“没有明显的证据证明对年龄较大的孩子大声朗读可以加强其阅读理解力”与

Thereisnotyetstrongresearchthatconnectsreadingaloudatolderagestoimproved

re

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