考博英语模拟试卷304

考博英语模拟试卷304

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Shoesofthiskindaretosliponwetground.

A^feasible

B、appropriate

C、apt

D^fitting

标准答案：C

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是：feasible行徨通的，做得到的；appropriate

适当的，合适的；apt易于...的，有....倾向的；fitting恰当的，合适的。句意

是，这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑。aptto意为“易于”，因此正确答案是C选项。

2、Iboughtanalarmclockwitha（n）dialwhichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

A^supersonic

B、luminous

C^audible

D^amplified

标准答案：B

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是：supersonic超声的，超音速的；luminous明

亮的，夜光，光明的：audible听得见的，可听的：amplified放大，增强。句意

是，我买了个在黑暗中清晰可见的夜光钟面闹钟。根据句意可推出正确答案是B

选项。

3、Thismanistowine.

A、addicted

B、predicted

C^dictated

D、evicted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是说这个男人嗜酒成瘾。addicted的意思是“成瘾的”，符合题

意。如:Thechildrenareaddictedtocomputergames.（孩子们玩计算机游戏上了

瘾。）其他三项“predicied预示的；diciaied口述的；evicied被驱逐的''都不正确＜

4、Thatbatteredoldhatofhisisajoketoallhisfriends.

A、steady

B、standing

C、persisting

D^stable

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说个老笑话。固定短语astandingjoke的意思是“老笑

话“，其他三个选项的形容词不与joke连用。因此正确答案为B。

5、Dominic,themostpupilinclass,willgotoHarvardtostudythisSeptember.

A、indigenous

indiscreet

C、indulgent

D、industrious

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说最勤奋的学生。D项的“industrious勤奋的“符合题

意。其他三项“indigenous本土的；indiscreet不慎重的；indulgent纵容的”都不正

确。

6、Mr.Mortongraduallyaknowledgeofthesubject.

A、attained

B、required

C、acquired

D、enquired

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说学到了知识。C项的“acquired学到（知识等广符合题

意，如：WemustworkhardtoacquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish.（我们必须用功学

习才能精通英语）。其他三项“attained达到,完成，获得；required需要；enquired

询问”都不正确。

7^Wemusttrytouseourintellect.

A、tothegreatestadvantage

B、fbrthemostdetails

C、bytherarestchance

D、ofthegreatestsignificance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说充分利用智力。to〔hegreatestadvantage的意思是“最

佳地，充分地”，符合题意。其他三项“forthemostdetails最详细地；bytherarest

chance最少可能地；ofihegreatestsignificance最重要的”都不正确。

8、IdecidedtogetintouchwithhimafterIreceivedhisletter.

A、promptly

B、quickly

C、hastily

D、urgently

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题意为“我决定收到他的信后马上与他取得联系"。promptly的意思

是“敏捷，果断quickly的意思是“快速地，马上”；hastily的意思是“仓促地，草

率地”；urgenlly的意思是“急迫地，催促地”。根据题意，B项为正确答案。

9、Iwouldliketogetanothertablelikethisone,butthecompanythatmadeitisout

of.

A、order

business

C、practice

D、style

标准答案：B

知识点解析:本题空格处是说公司停业了©B项的“(beoutof)business停业，歇业”

符合题意。其他三项”(beoutof)order次序颠倒，不整齐；(beoutof)practice久不练

习，荒疏；(beoutof)style不合时宜，不时髦”都不正确。

10、Whenyougetexcited,trytoholdyourself.

A、up

R、down

C、off

D、in

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D项的“(holdoncsclf)in抑制某人的感情”符合题意。其他三项

“(hold)up举起，拿起；(hold)down压制,镇压；(hold)off不接近,拖延”都不正

确。

11、Shewasextremelylucky;whenhergrcat-unclcdied,sheafortune.

A、cameby

B、cameover

C^cameinto

D、cameabout

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说她继承了财产。C项的“comeinto继承(财产等)“符合

题意。如：Tomcameinloaforlunewhenhisuncledied.(汤姆的叔叔去世后，他得

到大笔钱。)其他三项“comeby从旁走过，设法弄到，得到；comeover过来，顺便

来访；comeabout发生”都不正确。

12、Bornofthesameparents,hebearsnohisbrothers.

A^traitswith

B、resemblancesto

C、personalitiesbetween

D^charactersamong

D、responsibility

标准答案：B'

知识点解析：本题意为“如果你把利润和金钱放在首位，而对人民应承担的义务漠

然置之，你则是辜负了却所受的教育B项的"priority优先权”符合题意。如：The

highestpriorityofgovernmentshasbeengiventotheproblemofheavytraffic.（政府已

经优先考虑交通拥挤的问题。）其他三项“potentiality潜在性；superiority优势；

responsibility责任”都不正确。

17>Inalmostallchemical-processplants,heatisbyburningoffossilfuels-coal,

oil,ornaturalgas.

A、transformed

conducted

C、transferred

D、generated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题意为“几乎所有的化工厂里，热能是由燃烧煤、石油或天然气这

类矿物燃料而得到的D项的"generated产生（光、热、电等）”符合题意。其他三

项“transformed转变；conducted指导；transferred转移”都不正确。

18、Manyofthestudentshaveagraspofthemainstructures,areasonablevocabulary

anda（n）ideaofhowtopronouncemostwordstheycomeacross.

A、faint

vague

C、obscure

D、rough

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题意为“许多学生掌握了文章的主要框架、定量的词汇，但对碰到

的许多词汇不知如何发音fainl的意思是“不清楚狗"；vague的意思是“模糊的”；

obscure的意思是“昏暗的"：rough的意思是“大致的”。根据题意，A项为正确答

案。

19、Ourcountrywasfoundedontheloftyprinciplesoffreedomandjusticeforall.Our

loftyprinciplesoughttobe.

A、facedupto

B>lookedupto

C、livedupto

D、madeupto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C项的“livedupto符合（原则、誓言等）“符合题意。如：DidtheTV

playliveuptoyourexpectations?（这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?）其他三项“faced

upto勇敢地对付；lookeduplo尊敬；madeupto接近”都不正确。

20、Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichthey

canbecontrolledandmodified.

A^deliberately

B、delicately

C、definitely

D、defectively

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说被有意地控制和更改。deliberaiely的意思是“有意

地“；delicately的意思是“精致地”；definitely的意思是“确切地”；defectively的意思

是“有缺陷地”，四个选项中只有A项符合题意。

21、Theteachergavethestudentsextraworkbecauseshewasbyallthenoise

andtalkingintheclassroom.

A^interrupted

B、degenerated

C^terminated

D^exasperated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题意为“由于课堂内学生的喧闹和讲话声音激怒了老师，所以她给

学生布置了额外的家庭作业D项的"exasperated激怒”符合题意。如：Constant

interruptionofhisworkexasperatedhim.（对他工作的持续干扰使他恼怒。）其他三项

“interrupted中断；degenerated使堕落；terminated使终止”都不正确。

22、Thereisnoelectricityagain.Hastheblownthen?

A、fuse

B、plug

C、wire

D、circuit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题意为“停电了，是不是保险丝烧断了?”fuse的意思是“保险丝”；

plug的意思是“插头”；wire的意思是“电线"；circui【的意思是“线路”。blowafuse

的意思是“使保险丝熔断”。因此A项为正确答案。

23、Everysocietyhasitsownpeculiarcustomsandofacting.

A、ways

attitudes

C>behaviors

D、means

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题意为“每个社会有其特有的习俗与行为方式ways的意思是“方

式,方法”;attitudes的意思是“态度";behaviors的意思是“行为";means的意志是

“方法，手段，工具”。根据题意，A项为正确答案。

24、Ifapersontalksabouthisweaknesses,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethingin

thewayof.

A^assurance

BNencouragement

C、persuasion

D、confirmation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说以鼓励的方法。四个选项中，assurance的意思是“保

证“；encouragement的意思是"鼓励"；persuasion的意思是“说服"；confirmation的

意思是‘‘证实”。根据题意，B项为正确答案。

25、Chinastarteditsnuclearpowerindustryonlyinrecentyears,andshouldno

limeincatchingup.

A^delay

B、lose

lag

D^lessen

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格姓是说应该立即迎头赶上u固定短语losenotimeindoing

sth.的意思是“立即着手做某事'符合题意。其他三项“delay耽搁；lag落后于；

lessen减少''都不正确。

26Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtit

wastenmiles.

A、apparently

B、appraisably

C>appropriately

D、approximately

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说大约十英里。D项的“approximately大约”符合题意。

其他三项“apparently明显地;appraisably可评价地;appropriately适当地”都不正

确。

27、Mailservicewillbetemporarilybecauseofthestrikeofthepostalworkers.

A、suspended

B、abridged

C>deprived

D、lessened

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题意为“由于邮政工人罢工，将临时性暂停邮政服务工作A项的

“suspended暂停”符合题意。其他三项“abridged节略;deprived剥夺;lessened减

少'’都不正确。

28、Itisapitythatspitefulremarksarewithgreatspeed.

A^conveyed

B、consulted

C、displayed

D、confronted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题意为“恶语常很快就传开，这点令人感到很遗憾A项的

“conveyed传播（声音等）''符合题意。如：Iwillconveytheinformationtohim.（我将

把这消息通知他。）其他三项“consulted商量；displayed显示；confronted使遭遇”都

不正确。

29>Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe

innotime.

A、eliminated

abandoned

C、diminished

D、withdrawn

标准答案：A

知识点解析；本题空格处是说这个地区的文盲能够被立刻消除。A项的“eliminated

消除''符合题意。如：Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedid

notwinanyofthepracticeraces.（她已被取消了游泳比赛,因为她在训练中没有得

到名次。「其他三项“abandoned放弃；diminished减少；withdrawn收回”都不正确。

30、Youradvicewouldbevaluabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

A、exceedingly

B、excessively

C、extensively

D^exclusively

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题前半句是说你的建议对他极有价值。A项的“exceedingly非莒地”

符合题意。其他三项“excessively过多地：extensively广泛地；exclusively除外地“

都不正确。

二、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,

publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Rutperhapsthisphenomenonwasmost

strikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough

1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.Mostofthecasesweredecided

instatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Government

supportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobeslowed

downbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurt

workingforthem.Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.FarwclLan

engineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman'snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.

ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgood

pay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadthe

switchmenactedcarefully,wasa"pureaccident".Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheld

responsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.Inonecase

whereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehad

spreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsible

forallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury'sdecisionbecauseitarguedthatthe

railroad'snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.

Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.Asthecenturyworeon,public

sentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads-againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpower

andhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

31、Whatdoestheword"negligence"meaninthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中第三段的“Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhen

aswitchman,snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack."可知:法威尔先生是铁路部门

的名工程师。当名扳道工因疏忽而导致车头脱离轨道时，法威尔失去了右手。从中

可以推知,negligence意为“疏忽，过失”c四个选项中・ignorance意为“无知,愚

昧"，arrogance意为“傲慢”，carelessness意为“粗心，疏忽”，depression意为“沮

丧；经济大萧条据此可知，C项正确。

32、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell'scase?

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据文中第三段的"Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhen

aswitchman'snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack."可知:法威尔先生是铁路部门

的名工程师。当名扳道工因疏忽而导致车头脱离轨道时，法威尔失去了右手。据此

可知，是位扳道工由于琉忽而导致法威尔受伤，而非法威尔因本人失误所致。D项

的说法错误。

33、Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

标准答案:A

知识点解析：根据文中第四段的“ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthe

damage.Butthecourtovertumed...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremoteto

consider.”可知，陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决

定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责

任，而对离得较远的房屋损失则不在赔偿范围。据此可知，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近

的建筑物受到的损失，A项正确。

34、ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中最后一段的“Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegan

toturnagainsttherailroadsagainsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresas

wellasagainsttheircallousness(无情)towardindividuals.’'可知，随着该世纪的渐渐

逝去，公众舆论开始不利于铁路公司开始反对它们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价

以及它们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，引起公众不满的因素中不包括经济损失，

C项正确。

35、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中第一段就提出，在1986年被裁决的所有过失案件中几乎有半涉

及铁路公司，但铁路公司经常会胜诉。后面以法威尔和仓库火灾这两个案例加以说

明。据此可知，本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件，D项正确。

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembers

ofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpoverty-creating

structures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersof

minoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa

"counterculture",asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor-tomentionjust

someofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.Theelites,whooccupythesmallupper

stratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceand

reproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchas

thepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheir

decisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyare

sketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenythe

externaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthe

poor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwas

reproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwith

profound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,

political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsof

thepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeand

tourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingand

exposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.Mostimportantarctheeconomicfunctionsof

poverty,asforlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidered

degradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftover

foodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesof

low-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Poverty

andthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthat

maybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andof

theconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestof

society.Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduse

andghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthe

labormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,andinpolitical,socialandculturalinstitutions.

Conceptually,theyaredividedthroughstereotypingandmediacliche.Thisseparationis

evenmorepronouncedbetweentheelitesandthepoor.

36、Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearch

because.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第二段中第句话“Theelites,whooccupy...asthepoor

themselves.”从中可知，在贫困研究中，研究少数上层社会的名流以及他们在产生

和再现贫穷方面所起的作用是项有趣、重要的课题。因此B项为正确答案。

37、Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:本题的依据句是第二段的“Theeliteshaveimagesof...inpopular

slereolypes.”从中可知，这些精英名流对穷人与贫困有自己的概念，这些概念可促

使他们形成决策和采取行动。可至今，对这些概念的研究不多，知之甚少。由此推

断研究人员或社会科学家在研究贫困课题中，不注意研究精英名流的作用。因此C

项为正确答案。

38^Intheeyesofihesociety,.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第三段最后句"PoverlyandIhepoorserve...forihe

restofsociety.（贫困和穷人起着某种重要的象征性作用，提醒每位公民：忽视勤

俭、勤奋和清洁的价值观，受穷的命运必降临头上，即是说世人认为穷人象征懒

惰、不洁身自好的人最终的下场）据此可知A项为正确答案。

39、Theword"pronounced'*inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文最后一段中，作者从不同的角度指出穷人与富人是两个不同社

会。而这种区别在穷人与精英名流之间更加明显。由此推测pronounced的意思是

“显而易见的四个选项中，sympathetic的意思是“有同情心的“；conspicuous的意

思是“明显的"；idenlifiable的意思是“可以确认的unbridgeable的意思是“不能逾

越的”。只有B项符合题意。

40、Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith.

标准答案：A

知识点解析♦：综观全文，“穷人与贫困”是文章主要涉及的问题，作者并未提出解决

问题的办法或构想某个建议，也未解释某个局面形成的原因，只是对此进行了分

析。因此正确答案为A。

Industrialproductionmanagerscoordinatetheresourcesandactivitiesrequiredto

producemillionsofgoodseveryyearintheUnitedStates.Althoughtheirdutiesvary

fromplanttoplant,industrialproductionmanagerssharemanyofthesamemajor

responsibilities.Theseresponsibilitiesincludeproductionscheduling,staffing,

procurementandmaintenanceofequipment,qualitycontrol,inventorycontrol,andthe

coordinationofproductionactivitieswiththoseofotherdepartments.Theprimary

missionofindustrialproductionmanagersisplanningtheproductionschedulewithin

budgetarylimitationsandtimeconstraints.Theydothisbyanalyzingtheplant's

personnelandcapitalresourcestoselectthebestwayofmeetingtheproductionquota.

Industrialproductionmanagersdetermine,oftenusingmathematicalformulas,which

machineswillbeused,whethernewmachinesneedtobepurchased,whetherovertimeor

extrashiftsarenecessary,andwhatthesequenceofproductionwillbe.Theymonitorthe

productionruntomakesurethatitstaysonscheduleandcorrectanyproblemsthatmay

arise.Industrialproductionmanagersalsomustmonitorproductstandards.Whenquality

dropsbelowtheestablishedstandard,theymustdeterminewhystandardsarenotbeing

maintainedandhowtoimprovetheproduct.Iftheproblemrelatestothequalityofwork

performedintheplant,themanagermayimplementbettertrainingprograms,reorganize

themanufacturingprocess,orinstituteemployeesuggestionorinvolvementprograms.If

thecauseissubstandardmaterials,themanagerworkswiththepurchasingdepartmentto

improvethequalityoftheproduct'scomponents.Becausetheworkofmanydepartments

isinterrelated,managersworkcloselywithheadsofotherdepartmentssuchassales,

procurement,andlogisticstoplanandimplementcompanygoals,policies,and

procedures.Forexample,theproductionmanagerworkswiththeprocurement

departmenttoensurethatplantinventoriesaremaintainedattheiroptimallevel.Thisis

vitaltoafirm'soperationbecausemaintainingtheinventoryofmaterialsnecessaryfor

productiontiesupthefirm'sfinancialresources,yetinsufficientquantitiescausedelaysin

production.Abreakdownincommunicationsbetweentheproductionmanagerandthe

purchasingdepartmentcancauseslowdownandafailuretomeetproductionschedules.

Just-in-timeproductiontechniqueshavereducedinventorylevels,makingconstant

communicationamongthemanager,suppliers,andpurchasingdepartmentsevenmore

important.Computersplayanintegralpartinthiscoordination.Theyalsoareusedto

provideup-to-dateinformationoninventory,thestatusofworkinprogress,andquality

standards.Productionmanagersusuallyreporttotheplantmanagerorthevicepresident

formanufacturing,andmayactasliaisonbetweenexecutivesandfirst-linesupervisors.

Inmanyplants,oneproductionmanagerisresponsibleforallaspectsofproduction.In

largeplantswithseveraloperations,therearemanagersinchargeofeachoperation,such

asmachining,assembly,orfinishing.

41、Thepassageismainlyabout.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综观全文，本文主要围绕“工业生产管理者的作用''而展开的，因此D

项为正确答案。

42Tomeettheproductionquota,itisofvitalimportancethat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第二段中的“Theydothisbyanalyzing...ihe

productionquota.（他们经过分析工厂人事情况和资金来源，完成生产定额广。据此

可知D项为正确答案。其他三个选项是选择最佳方式时的具体的工作，而不是关

键所在。

43、Whichofthefollowingaspectsisthefocusofthefourthparagraph?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：A、B、D三项是质量控制、库存控制以及必须获得最新信息等仅为

生产各环节中的具体环节。而第四段是围绕“协调生产各环节”进行的。因此正确答

案为C。

44、Theprocurementdepartmentisinchargeof.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题可参照第四段。在这段中举例讲了工业生产经理与procurement

部门负责人合作时，对这部门的工作做了补充说明“heproductionmanagerworks

with...maintainedattheiroptimallevel."，并且后文还说“...betweentheproduction

managerandthepurchasingdepartment…”，直接说明procurementdepartment就是

purchasingdepartment,因此正确答案为A。

45、Whatistheroleofcomputersintheproductionprocess?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第四段最后两句"Computersplayanintegralpartinthis

coordination.Theyalsoareusedtoprovideuptodateinformationoninventory,the

statusofworkinprogress,andqualitystandards.”从中可知，计算机的作用包括协

调各部门，提供库存、生产进程、产品质量等方面的最新信息。这些作用当然可使

各部门对相关信息十分了解。因此正确答案为

Linguistshaveunderstoodfordecadesthatlanguageandthoughtarecloselyrelated.

Humansconstructrealityusingthoughtandexpressthesethoughtsthroughtheuseof

language.EdwardSapirandhisstudentBenjaminWhorfarecreditedwithdevelopingthe

mostrelevantexplanationoutliningtherelationshipbetweenthoughtandlanguage,the

Sapir-WhorfHypothesis.Thehypothesisconsistsoftwoparts,linguisticrelativityand

linguisticdeterminism.Supportersoflinguisticrelativityassumethatcultureisshapedby

language.Terwilligerdefineslinguisticdeterminismastheprocessbywhich"the

functionsofone'smindaredeterminedbythenatureofthelanguagewhichonespeaks.M

Insimplerterms,thethoughtsthatweconstructarebaseduponthelanguagethatwe

speakandthewordsthatwcuse.Initsstrongestsense,linguisticdeterminismcanbe

interpretedasmeaningthatlanguagedeterminesthought.Initsweakestsense,language

partiallyinfluencesthought.Whorfwascarefultoavoidauthoritativestatementswhich

wouldpermanentlycommithimtoparticularposition.Becauseofthebroadnatureofhis

statements,itisdifficulttodistinguishexactlytowhatextentWhorfbelievesthat

languagedeterminesthought.Heateddebateamongmodernlinguistsdemonstratesthat

disagreementexistsabouttheaccuracyandcorrectnessofWhorfsstudiesandofthe

actuallevelofinfluenceoflanguageonthoughtprocesses.TheSapir-WhorfHypothesis

essentiallyconsistsoftwodistinctstatementsconnectingtherelationofthoughtand

language.Whorfbelievesthathumansmaybeabletothinkonlyaboutobjects,processes,

andconditionsthathavelanguageassociatedwiththem.TheSapir-WhorfHypothesis

alsoexplainstherelationshipbetweendifferentlanguages(French,English,German,

Chinese,andsoon)andthought.Whorfdemonstratedthatcultureislargelydetermined

bylanguage.Differentculturesperceivetheworldindifferentways.Culturallyessential

objects,conditionsandprocessesusuallyarcdefinedbyaplethoraofwords,whilethings

thatculturesperceiveasunimportantareusuallyassignedoneortwowords.Whorf

developedthistheorywhilestudyingtheHopiIndiantribe.Whorfwasamazedthatthe

Hopilanguagehasnowordsforpast,present,andfuture.TheHopihaveonlyoneword

forflyingobjects.Adragonfly,anairplane,andapilotaredefinedusingthesameword.

WhorfquestionedwhetherornottheHopiviewtheworlddifferentlythanwestern

peoples.AfterfurtherinterpretationandanalysisheconcludedthattheHopihaveasense

forthecontinuumoftimedespitehavingnowordstospecificallydescribepast,present,

andfuture.ItiscommonlybelievedthattheSapir-WhorfHypothesispossessessome

truth,buttheextenttowhichitisapplicabletoallsituationsisquestioned.Linguists

generallysupporta"strong"ora"weak"interpretation.Linguistswhostudythe

hypothesistendtociteexamplesthatsupporttheirbeliefsbutareunableorunwillingto

refutetheopposingarguments.Examplesexistthatstrengthentheargumentsofeveryone

whostudiesthehypothesis.Nobodyhasgainedsignificantgroundinprovingorrefuting

thehypothesisbecausethedefinitionsofSapirandWhorfareveryvagueandincomplete,

leavingroomforasignificantamountofinterpretation.

46、Advocatesoflinguisticdeterminisminsistthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是文章第一段的“Terwilligerdefineslinguistic

determinismas...thatwespeakandthewordsthatweuse.“从中可知，

Terwilliger将语言决定论解释为种过程，他认为人人脑的功能取决于他说的那种语

言。由于全世界的语言不同，思维方式也有所差异。因此正确答案为A。

47、Whorfhimselftendstoholdthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第一段中的“Whorfwascarefultoavoidauthoritative

statements”。据此可知，不能选A、B和C项中这样明确的语言决定论和相对论的

观点，只能选D。

48、AccordingtotheSapir-WhorfHypothesis,ifaculturehasmoreexpressionsfor

certainconcepts,itshowsthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题可参照文章第三段中作者提出的“Differentculturesperceivethe

world...assignedoneortwowords.（不同文化以不同的方式审视世界。从文化方面

来看，些重要的、必不可少的事物、条件、过程通常采用丰富的词汇来定义，而些

不重要的事物常常仅用两个单词表示）据此可推断出正确答案为Ao

49>WhichofthefollowingcriticismsisoftenmadeoftheSapir-WhorfHypothesis?

标准答案：C

知识点解析:本题的依据句是第四段第句的“Itiscommonlybelievedthat...all

situationsisquestioned.”从中可知，人们普遍认为SapirWhorf假设具有定的真实

性，但对该学说能否适用于所有情况提出了质疑，后半句实际上暗指有人对该假设

的用途过分夸大提出了批评。因此正确答案为C。

50、Towardsthehypothesis,theauthor'sattitudeseemstobe.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综观全文，我们仅从作者客观介绍SapirWhorf假设的相关段落获得

了些信息，并未发现作者是否对该假说持怀疑、批评或支持的观点。因此B项

"objective客观的“为正确答案。

三、完形填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Thedevelopmentofwritingwasoneofthegreathumaninventions.Itisdifficult[Cl]

manypeopletoimaginelanguagewithoutwriting;thespokenwordseems

intricatelytiedtothewritten[C2].Butchildrenspeak[C3]theylearn

towrite.Andmillionsofpeopleintheworldspeaklanguageswith[C4]written

form.Amongthesepeopleoralliteratureabounds,andcrucialknowledge[C5]

memorizedandpassed[C6]generations.Buthumanmemoryisshort­

lived,andthebrainsstoragecapacityisfinite.[C7]overcamesuchproblems

andallowedcommunicationacrossthemiles[C8]throughtheyearsand

centuries.Writingpermitsasociety[C9]permanentlyrecorditspoetry,its

historyanditstechnology.Itmightbeargued[CIO]todaywehaveelectronic

meansofrecordingsoundand[Cl1]toproducefilmsandtelevision,andthus

writingisbecomingobsolete.[C12]writ-ingbecameextinct,therewouldbeno

knowledgeofelectronics[C13]TVtechnicianstostudy;therewouldbe,infact,

littletechnologyinyearsto[04].TherewouldbenofilmorTVscripts,no

literature,nobooks,nomails,nonewspapers,noscience.Therewouldbe[C15]

advantages;nobadnovels,junkmails,poison-penletters,or"unreadable"

income-taxforms,butthelosseswouldoutweighthe[C16].Therearealmost

as[C17]legendsandstoriesontheinventionofwritingasthereare[C18]

theoriginoflanguage.LegendhasitthatCadmus,PrinceofPhoeniciaand

founderofthecityofThebes,[C19]thealphabetandbroughtitwithhimto

Greece.InoneChinesefablethefour-eyeddragon-godT'sangChieninventedwriting.In

[C20]myths,theBabyloniangodNeboandtheEgyptiangodThothgave

humanswritingaswellasspeech.

51、[Cl]

标准答案：for

知识点解析：本题根据句型It'sdifficultforsb.iodosth.可知，此空应填写介词

for。

52、[C2]

标准答案：one/word

知识点解析：本题既可二页one也可填word。因为thespokenword给予提示，为了

避免重复使用word,通常此空应填写one。

53、[C3]

标准答案：before

知识点解析：本题考查的是主从复合句。在前句分句中作者阐明“口语的词汇似乎

与书面语言紧密而又复杂地联系在起”，而此句作者用具有转折之意的but进步阐

述“但是，孩子们学写字之前就会说话了据此可知，此空应填before。

54、[C4]

标准答案：no

知识点解析：本题由and（表示递进关系）开始的另句中，作者用另个事例阐述“而

且，世界上成千上万的人说话，使用的是没有书面语形式的各种语言因此此空

应填nOo

55、[C5]

标准答案：is

知识点解析：此空应联系上下文来填写。此句第分句中，作者提出“在他们中间，

口头文学丰富多彩”，笫二分句由并列连词and相连，其主语是crucialknowledge

重要的知识，memorizedandpassed是被动语态中的动词过去分词形式，由于该分

句主语为单数形式，所以该空填写is,使动词形式完整。

56、[C6]

标准答案：Ihrough

知识点解析：此空处的句意是“这重要信息被人们记住并代代传下来”，即通过上代

向下代口述使之相传。pass意为“传（工具、球等广，空格后又出现名词

generations,因此此处应填写介词through0

57、[C7]

标准答案：Writing

知识点解析：该空格应联系上句来填写。空格的前面句话“但是，人的记忆力是短

暂的，大脑的信息储存是有限的”给你种暗示：没有书面形式的口头语言虽能被人

们