湖南长沙市博纳二附中青山高级中学2025-2026学年下学期高一期末英语试题（含答案）

湖南长沙市博纳二附中青山高级中学20252026学年下学期高一期末英语试题一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ALooknofurtherthanYorkCountywhenyouareplanningyournextfamilyroadtrip.Withsomuchtoseeanddo,placestoeat,andavarietyoflodging(住宿)options,there’ssomethingeveryonewillenjoy.Ifyourfamilyisafanofthegreatoutdoors,bringyourbikes.YorkCountyhasmorethan73routescovering440miles!Wearealsoplentifulinrivers,lakes,andstreams.Sowhynotcanoe(划独木舟)yourwaytotheperfectdayorconsiderrentingaboatatCodorusStatePark?AnotherfamilyfunoptionisatriptoHickoryFallsFamilyEntertainmentCenter.Inadditiontominigolf,visitorsenjoyanindoorplayareawithaminibowling,battingcages,andmore.AttheCreationStationatSunriseSoapCompany,there’sDIYsoap,salts,bathbombs,lotions,jewelry,andmore.Fromsummertofall,you’llhaveplentyoffamilyfarmfun.FromUPickstrawberries,blueberries,andpeachestofall’sbestapplesandpumpkins,everyoneenjoysvisitingFlinchbaugh’sOrchard&FarmMarket,Brown’sOrchards,andOrchardValleyFarm.Youcanalsoseefirsthandtheprocessofmakingmilk,petandtakepictureswiththecutestyoungcows,andofcourseenjoysomefreshicecreammadeonsiteatPerrydellFarm.NotriptoYorkCountywouldbecompletewithoutatrainrideontheNorthernCentralRailwayofYork.VisitorfavoritesincludetheSantaExpress,FallFoliageTours,andCowboyWeekend.Wheretostay?It’suptoyou.Wehaveplentyofoptions.Youcanevenstayinashoe!Lookingforaweekendgetawaytornfromthepagesofafairytale?CheckouttheHainesShoeHouse.1.WhatisalikelydestinationforpeopleenjoyingDIYactivities?A．PerrydellFarm.B．CodorusStatePark.C．HainesShoeHouse.D．SunriseSoapCompany.2.Whichfunactivityisavailabletovisitorsatfamilyfarms?A．Milkingcows.B．Pickingfruits.C．Feedingpets.D．Makingicecream.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toattractvisitors.B．Tostrengthensocialbonds.C．Tointroducecountrylife.D．Toorganizefamilytrips.BDr.MaeJemisonisaphysicianandscientistwho,in1992,becamethefirstblackwomanastronautinspace.Today,sheworksasascientistandpublicspeakerinAmerica.WhenJemisonwas3yearsold,thefamilymovedtoChicagototakeadvantageofbettereducationalopportunitiesforher.HerparentsweresupportiveofJemison’stalentsandabilitiesthroughoutherearlyschoolyears.Shespentaconsiderableamountoftimeinherschoollibraryreadingaboutallaspectsofscience,especiallyastronomy.AfterfinishinghereducationatCornellUniversityMedicalCollege,Jemisonbecameadoctorofmedicinein1981.In1985,shemadeacareerchangeanddecidedtofollowadreamshehadnurturedforalongtime.ThatOctober,sheappliedforNASA’sastronauttrainingprogram.WhenJemisonfinallyflewintospaceonSeptember12,1992,withsixotherastronautsaboardtheEndeavouronmissionSTS47,shebecamethefirstblackwomaninspace.SinceherNASAdays,MaeJemisonhasbecomeapublicspeakerwhoencouragesSTEMinvolvementandimprovementsineducationforwomenandminorities.Sheisalsoapublishedauthor.In2001,Jemisonreleasedamemoir(自传)titledFindWheretheWindGoes:MomentsfromMyLife,aboutherearlylifeandeducation,andtrainingasanastronaut.Shewrotethebookspecificallyforteenagers,encouragingthemto“learnfromthelessonsthatyouhaveinlife”.Jemisonhasn’tlimitedherselftoprintmedia.In1993,shortlyafterhermissionontheEndeavour,sheappearedasLieutenantPalmeronanepisodeofStarTrek:TheNextGeneration.Itwasthefirsttimearealastronautwasontheshow.Forallofhercontributions,JemisonwasacceptedintotheNationalWomen’sHallofFamein1993.SheisalsoamemberoftheNationalMedicalAssociationHallofFameandtheInternationalSpaceHallofFame.4.WhatdoweknowaboutJemisonaccordingtothetext?A．SheactedasadoctorontheEndeavour.B．Shelackedearlyexposuretoastronomy.C．Shebecametalentedthroughfamilyeducation.D．ShewasthefirstrealastronauttoappearonStarTrek.5.WhatisthepurposeofJemisonwritingFindWheretheWindGoes?A．TorecallherroleinStarTrek.B．Toinspiretheyouthtolearnfromlifelessons.C．Toadvocateforwomen’srightsinSTEMfields.D．TodocumentherspacemissionontheEndeavour.6.WhydoestheauthormentionJemison’sappearanceinStarTrek?A．Toshowherloveforsciencefiction.B．ToexplainherretirementfromNASA.C．Tohighlightherwiderangingcapabilities.D．Tocompareherwithotherastronautsinpopculture.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJemison?A．Ambitiousandinspirational.B．Conservativeandcautious.C．Imaginativeandselfcentered.D．Quickthinkingandgenerous.CManyoftheastronautsgoinguptospaceareamongthesmartestpeopleontheplanet.However,anewNASAstudyhasfoundasurprisingeffectofspacetravel—itmayactuallyslowdownthehumanbrain.Contrarytowhatyoumightexpect,researchersdiscoveredthatwhilespacetravelersorbittheEarth,theyexperiencesometemporarymentalslowdowns,includingprocessinginformationsloweranddifficultieswithattentionandmemory.Luckily,thestudyalsofindsspendingmonthsinspacedoesn’tpermanentlyscramble(打乱)anastronaut’scognitive(认知的)abilities.Theiroverallbrainperformanceremainsremarkablyresilient(有适应力的).Thestudyexamined25professionalastronautswhospentanaverageofsixmonthsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.Scientiststrackedtheircognitiveperformancethroughaseriesofrigorous(谨慎的)testsdesignedtomeasureeverythingfromprocessingspeedtomemoryandattention.“WeshowthatthereisnoevidenceofanysignificantcognitiveimpairmentorneurodegenerativedeclineinastronautsspendingsixmonthsontheISS,”explainsDr.SheenaDev,thestudy’sleadresearcher,inamediarelease.Sowhatexactlychanged?Thinkofitlikeyourbrainrunningin“lowpowermode”.AstronautscompletedtasksjustasaccuratelyastheywouldonEarth,buttheytookslightlylongertoprocessinformation.Processingspeed,workingmemory,andattentionwerethemostaffectedcognitivefields—similartohowyoumightfeelafterastressfuldaywithoutenoughsleep.Themostinterestingbutunusualfindingishowquicklythebrainadapts.Someperformancechanges,likeslowerattentionspans,wereonlynoticeableearlyinthemission.Others,likereducedprocessingspeed,tookabitlongertoreturntonormalaftertheastronautsreturnedtoEarth.Theseinsightsaremorethanjustscientificcuriosity.AshumanitylookstowardambitiousmissionstotheMoonandMars,understandinghowthehumanbrainrespondstoextremeenvironmentsbecomescrucial.Thisresearchprovidesabaselineforfuturespaceexplorers,helpingmissionplannerspredictandreducepotentialcognitivechallenges.8.Howmayastronautsperformduringspacetravel?A．Theytakelongertorespondtothetasks.B．Theycompletetasksasquicklyasonearth.C．Theircognitiveabilitiesaredamagedheavily.D．Theyspendyearsrecoveringtheirphysicalhealth9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impairment”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Improvement.B．Damage.C．Development.D．Change.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Astronauts’cognitiveabilitiesremainstablewherevertheyare.B．Astronauts’performanceinspaceismuchworsethanthatonEarth.C．Astronauts’attentionspanswerealwaysslowerinthespace.D．Astronauts’brainperformancecanreturntonormallater11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thelaterplansforspacemissions.B．Thedevelopmentofcognitivestudy.C．Thesignificanceofthestudy.D．Thefutureofspaceexploration.DForthefirsttime,asatellitepartlymadeofwoodhasbeenlaunchedintospacetotestifwoodcouldbeagoodbuildingmaterialforspace.Thiswoodensatellite,named“LignoSat,”isbeingexperimentedwithbyJapanesescientiststoseeifitcanhelpreducepollutioninspace.Traditionally,satellitesaremadeofmetal,butwoodiseasytoget,nonpolluting,andsurprisinglytougherinspaceduetotheabsenceofwaterandoxygen.TheconceptoriginatedfromTakaoDoi,ascientistastronaut,whowonderedaboutgrowingtreesinspaceforconstructionpurposes.ThequestiongotMr.DoiandotherscientistsatJapan’sKyotoUniversitythinkingabouttheideaofwoodinspace.Theythoughtitmightbepossibletobuildasatelliteoutofwood.Theideawassimple,buttheprojectwasn’teasy.TheteamatKyotoUniversitydecidedtoexploreusingwoodforsatellites.Theytestedbirch,cherry,andhonoki(atypeoftree)ontheInternationalSpaceStation.Aftereightmonths,allwoodsproveddurableagainstspaceconditions.Forthefinalsatellite,theresearcherschosehonokiwood.Thiswoodislightandstrong,anddoesn’tcrack(裂缝)easily.Tocreatethesatellite’swoodenpanels,theteamusedatraditionalwoodworkingmethodcalledsashimono.Themethoddoesn’tusenailsorglue.Instead,thepiecesarecarefullycuttofittogethertightly.InDecember,thesatellitewasputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.Overthenextsixmonths,sensorsinsidethesatellitewillhelpmeasurehowwellthewoodholdsup.Oneimportantquestionishowmuchthewoodwillexpandandshrink(收缩)asthetemperaturechanges.Iftheexperimentworks,woodensatellitescouldonedayhelpreducepollution.SatellitesnormallyburnupastheycomebackintotheEarth’satmosphere.Burningmetalsatellitesleavebehindacloudofpollution.Butwhenwoodburns,itonlyleaveswaterandcarbondioxidebehind.12.Whydoscientiststestthewoodensatellite“LignoSat”inspace?A．Toreducethecostofsatelliteproduction.B．Tofigureouthowlongwoodcanlastinspace.C．Tocomparethestrengthofdifferenttypesofwood.D．Totestwoodasaspaceconstructionmaterial.13.Whatinspiredscientiststobuildasatelliteoutofwood?A．Thelightweightpropertiesofwood.B．TakaoDoi’sideaofplantingtreesinspace.C．Theinnovationintreeplantingmethods.D．ThedevelopmentoftheLignoSatproject.14.Howdoessashimonocontributetoitsoveralldesignandfunctionality?A．Byallowingforeasyrepairsinspace.B．Byavoidingtheneedfornailsorglue.C．Byaddingculturalvaluetothescientificmission.D．Byhelpingthesatelliteadjusttotemperaturechanges.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FirstWoodenSatelliteWasLaunchedintoSpace.B．EcoFriendlySpaceExplorationintheFuture.C．HowWoodenSatellitesCouldImpacttheClimate.D．WhetherJapan’sInnovativeApproachReducesSpaceLitter.七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wearablefitnesstrackershaveevolvedbeyondbeingsomethingcoolandnovelwornbyathletesandfitnessenthusiaststobeingwornbynearlyeveryone.___16___.Here’showtomakethemostofit.Customizethesettings___17___.Accuratelyinputtingtheseindicatorswhensettingupyourfitnesstrackerwillbeofgreatsignificance.Theyensurethatyourtrackerprovidespersonalizedinsightsandbettercontextforyourfitnessprogress.___18___Forsome,thepursuitofstepcountsandcaloriecountscanbeverymotivating;forothers,itcanquicklybecomeoverwhelming.Bemindfulofhowyouarerespondingtotheuseofyourfitnesstracker.Ifitleavesyoudepressedattheendofthenightwhenyouhaven’thityourgoals,reframeyourthinkingregardingthenumbersandfocusonprogressnotperfection.ActonyourdataAnalyzingtrendsinyourfitnessdatacanhelpyouidentifypatternsandmakeinformeddecisions.Ifyounoticethatyourrestingheartrateiselevatedorsleepqualityhasdecreased,itcouldbeasignthatyourbodyneedsmorerest.___19___.BekindtoyourselfThismaybethemostimportanttipofall.Rememberthepointofwearingafitnesstracker.___20___.Therearegoingtobetimeswhenyou’renotconsistentlyactiveoreatingwell,asvacations,illness,injuriesandcountlessotherrealitiesofdailylifecanknockanyoneofftrack.Leanonthecommunityyou’vebuiltandtakeitonedayatatime.Thebeautyofhavingdailygoalsisthatyoucanhitaresetbuttoneachmorningandrestartyourwellnessjourneywithacleanslate.A．Don’tgettoocaughtupinthenumbersB．TakeadvantageofvariousadvancedfeaturesC．ConsideradditionalrestdaysorstressmanagementtoaidrecoveryD．ItistomakemovementapartofyourroutineasyoupursueyourgoalsE．AfitnesstrackercanbeapositivereminderofyourongoinghealthjourneyF．Makesuretoenteryourage,gender,height,weightandfitnesslevelcorrectlyG．Mostfitnesstrackersallowyoutojoinyourfriendsorfamilymembersinworkout二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Asthemusicplayed,wereturnedtoourpositions.Ourteachermadethedancelookso___21___asshedemonstratedit—everystepandgestureflowednaturallywiththemusicandshelookedconfident.Onceshefinishedthe___22___,shetoldus,“It’syourtimeto___23___!”Overthecourseoffourmonths,wepractisedforourfinalperformance.Thinkingofstandingonstagegavemeinstant___24___——whowouldwanttobestaredatbyacrowd?Inthebeginning,wefelt___25___anddeterminedevenafterhoursofdancing.We’devengrabdrinkstogetherafterclassand___26___ourownperformance,findingthegoodandbad.However,afteracoupleofweeks,our___27___weren’tthesameasbefore—whatwereonceelegantanddynamicnowlackedliveliness.Someoftheclassmates___28___.Thinkingitover,Idecidedtostillusethecourseasa___29___ofimproving——I’dneverdancedandhadmuchtolearn.Itwas___30___formetodanceaswellastheteacher,somy___31___seemedsimple:practisingandlosingmyselfinthedance.Ontheperformanceday,I___32___thewaymyteacherattractedmethatfirstday.Holdingontothatflashback,Ienteredthestage.Icouldn’tseetheaudiencethroughthe___33___lights,feelinglessafraid.Withtheperformanceunfolding,Ihadnoother___34___,absorbedinthebeatanddancing.Isucceeded.AndIknewatthatmoment,I’d___35___others,too.21.A．familiarB．easyC．freshD．special22.A．lessonB．challengeC．trialD．presentation23.A．shineB．commentC．competeD．ask24.A．expectationB．frightC．imaginationD．curiosity25.A．respectedB．understoodC．energizedD．valued26.A．overstateB．compareC．ignoreD．evaluate27.A．potentialsB．passionsC．movementsD．moods28.A．quitB．hurtC．noticedD．improved29.A．symbolB．chanceC．honorD．interpretation30.A．onesidedB．timeconsumingC．unusualD．impractical31.A．changeB．goalC．excuseD．action32.A．recalledB．copiedC．appreciatedD．adjusted33.A．softB．naturalC．blindingD．varied34.A．tasksB．partnersC．choicesD．thoughts35.A．approvedofB．calledonC．appealedtoD．stoodfor三、语法填空阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtLowe’s,thehomeimprovementchain,a“LoweBot”insomestorescananswersimple___36___(question),suchaswheretofinditemsandcanhelpwithmonitoring.Theserobotsfreeworkers___37___routinetasks,givinghumansmoretimeforcustomerinteraction.Butthat’sonlythebeginning.Therealbenefitofretail(零售)robotsistheopportunitytocapturemoredataabouttheproductsontheshelvesandcustomerbuyingpatternswhichcanincreaseefficiencyandaccuracyin___38___(manage).___39___keyisusingretailrobotsasdatacollectorswithinaninternetofthings.Itisthoughtofasacomplexnetworkofconnecteddevices,objectsandsensorsgatheringdata.Andthedata___40___(analyze)inthecloudorwithedgecomputing,whichusesnearbyserverstolowerlatency(潜伏期).Astherobotsmovearoundstorestheycapturephotosofeveryshelfandaisle,___41___aretransformedintoinsightsaboutoutofstockmerchandiseandpricing.Suchdetaileddatais___42___(especial)valuableinretail,where___43___(understand)consumers’demandsisessential.Forexample,StitchFix,which___44___(provide)justforyouclothingchoicestoshoppersathome,completesitsdatascienceinmultipleaspectsof___45___(it)businessmodel,fromproductrecommendationtomanagementandfashiondesign.四、书信写作46.假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Steven想了解中国高中选修课开设的情况，请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.介绍课程开设情况及效果；2.请对方介绍美国高中如何开设选修课程。注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。DearSteven,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestregards,LiHua五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasthedayYolliegothergraduationcertificateofBaylorCollegeofMedicine.Herdreamfinallycametrue.Shetookoutanoldgreyishdressfromhersuitcase,hermindfloodedbymemoriesofthedayswhenhermothersavedmoneyforhereducation.Yollie’smother,MrsMoreno,wasawomanwithauniquesenseofhumor.Asasinglemother,shesupportedthefamilybyworkingatthelocalmarket.Shedidn’tearnmuchmoney,butshewasalwayspositiveandhadherownwaytoprovideforYollieandatthesametimesavedasmuchmoneyaspossible.Herwayswerenotalwayscleverones,though,amongwhichanembarrassingonestoodoutinYollie’smemory.YolliewasasmartkidatSaintTheresa’sHighSchool.Shewasthewinneroftheschool’sspellingbees.MrsMorenoencouragedherdaughtertostudyhard,hopingYolliewouldrealizeherdreamofbecomingadoctoroneday.SheprovidedYolliewithadesk,typewriter,andalamptoprotecthereyesfromlonghoursofstudying.Oneday,Yollieneededanewblackoutfitfortheeighthgradefalldance,butunluckily,theiroldcarhadalreadycostthemnearlyahundreddollarsinrepairs.MrsMorenodidn’thavemuchtospendontheoutfitsoshedecidedtobuyYollieapairofblackshoesandfabricdye(染料)toturnherwhitesummerdressblack.AtfirstYolliedoubtedhermother’sidea.However,tohersurprise,thedressturnedoutshinyandsophisticated(精致的)afterbeingdyed.Shewasexcitedtogotothedance.Thedancewasromantic,withpaperlanternsswinginginthetreesandcreatingascenestraightoutofamovie.Yollieenjoyeddancingwithherfriendsunderthelanternsuntilrainbegantofall.DisasterstruckwhenYollie’sdyeddressstartedtoleakblackdye,ruiningheroutfit.Inembarrassment,sheranhomethroughthestorm.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MrsMorenowasshockedatthesightofYollie,butshequicklygothersenseofhumoratworkinjustseconds.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Fromthenon,Yollietooktheuglydresswithherwherevershewent.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________