2026年四川省专升本英语语法专项练习

2026年四川省专升本英语语法专项练习1.Inthesentence"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting,"theunderlinedphrasefunctionsasa(n)______.A.mainclauseB.subordinateclauseC.relativeclauseD.adverbialphrase【解析】Theunderlinedphrase"whichIboughtyesterday"isarelativeclausemodifying"thebook."Itcontainsarelativepronoun"which"andafiniteverb"bought,"makingitadependentclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthenounitmodifies.Thesentencecontainsonlyoneindependentclause("Thebookisveryinteresting"),sotherelativeclausecannotbeamainclauseoradverbialphrase.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisC.2.Thesentence"Shehasneverseensuchabeautifulsunset"usesthestructureof______.A.presentperfectcontinuoustenseB.pastperfectsimpletenseC.presentperfectsimpletenseD.pastperfectcontinuoustense【解析】Theverbphrase"hasneverseen"consistsoftheauxiliaryverb"has"(presenttense)andthepastparticiple"seen,"formingthepresentperfectsimpletense.Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandisstillrelevanttothepresent,oranactionthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimebeforenow.Thephrase"never"indicatestheactionhasnotoccurreduptothepresentmoment.Theotheroptionsareincorrectbecausethesentencedoesnotusecontinuousformsorpastperfecttenses.3.Inthesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic,"theunderlinedclauseexpressesa______condition.A.realB.unrealC.hypotheticalD.conditional【解析】Thesentencecontainsafirstconditionalstructure,whichisusedtotalkaboutrealorpossiblefuturesituations.The"if"clause("Ifitrainstomorrow")presentsacondition,andthemainclause("wewillcancelthepicnic")statesthelikelyresult.Thisisahypotheticalrelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses,butitisbasedonarealpossibility,notanimpossibleorcontrary-to-factscenario(whichwouldrequireasecondconditional).Therefore,thecorrectanswerisA.4.Thepassivevoiceinthesentence"Theexperimentwasconductedbythestudents"isformedbythestructure______.A.subject+verb+objectB.subject+be+pastparticipleC.subject+auxiliary+pastparticipleD.subject+modal+pastparticiple【解析】Thepassivevoiceisformedbycombiningthesubjectwiththeauxiliaryverb"was"(aformof"be")andthepastparticiple"conducted."Thisstructureisusedtoemphasizetheactionortherecipientoftheactionratherthantheperformer.OptionBispartiallycorrectbutincomplete,asitomitstheauxiliaryverb.OptionCiscorrectbecause"was"servesastheauxiliaryverb,and"conducted"isthepastparticiple.Thesentencedoesnotuseamodalverb,soDisincorrect.5.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"containsa______.A.gerundB.participleC.infinitiveD.finiteverb【解析】Theverbphrase"isreading"consistsoftheauxiliaryverb"is"(aformof"be")andthepresentparticiple"reading."Thepresentparticipleisusedheretoformthepresentcontinuoustense,whichdescribesanactioninprogressatthepresentmoment.Theunderlinedword"reading"functionsasafiniteverbbecauseitagreeswiththesubject"She"andhasatenseform.Agerundwouldbeanounformedfromaverb(e.g.,"reading"asin"Sheenjoysreading"),aninfinitivewouldbe"toread,"andaparticiplewouldbeusedinpassiveoradjectiveforms(e.g.,"read"in"areadbook").Thus,thecorrectanswerisD.6.Thesentence"Themoreyoustudy,thebetteryouwillperform"usesthestructureof______.A.simplesentenceB.compoundsentenceC.complexsentenceD.correlativeconjunction【解析】Thesentenceusesacorrelativeconjunctionstructure("themore...,themore...")toconnecttwoclausesofequalgrammaticalrank,expressingadirectrelationshipbetweentwoactions.Thisisaspecialtypeofcompoundsentencewherethecorrelativeconjunctions("the"and"the")linktheclauses.Itisnotasimplesentence(oneindependentclause)oracomplexsentence(independentclause+dependentclause).Therefore,thecorrectanswerisD.7.Thesentence"Hehasbeenworkinghereforfiveyears"usesthestructureof______.A.presentperfectsimpletenseB.presentperfectcontinuoustenseC.pastperfectsimpletenseD.pastperfectcontinuoustense【解析】Theverbphrase"hasbeenworking"consistsoftheauxiliaryverb"has"(presenttense),thepresentparticiple"been,"andthepresentparticiple"working."Thisformsthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,whichemphasizesthedurationofanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuesuptothepresent.Thephrase"forfiveyears"furthersupportsthistense,asitindicatesthelengthoftime.Theotheroptionsareincorrectbecausetheydonotmatchthestructureormeaningofthesentence.8.Thesentence"IfIhadknownaboutthemeeting,Iwouldhaveattendedit"usesthestructureof______.A.firstconditionalB.secondconditionalC.thirdconditionalD.mixedconditional【解析】Thesentencecontainsasecondconditionalstructure,whichisusedtotalkabouthypotheticalorunrealsituationsinthepresentorfuture.The"if"clauseusesthepastperfecttense("hadknown"),andthemainclauseusestheconditionalperfecttense("wouldhaveattended").Thisstructureisusedtodescribeasituationthatdidnothappenandisunlikelytohappen.Thefirstconditional(realfuturepossibility)wouldusethepresenttenseinthe"if"clause(e.g.,"Ifitrains,wewillcancel").Thethirdconditional(hypotheticalpast)wouldusethepastperfectinbothclauses(e.g.,"IfIhadknown,Iwouldhaveattended").Therefore,thecorrectanswerisB.9.Thesentence"Thechildrenwereplayinginthegardenwhentherainstarted"containsa______.A.mainclauseandasubordinateclauseB.compoundsubjectandacompoundpredicateC.simplepredicateandanadverbialphraseD.directobjectandanindirectobject【解析】Thesentencecontainstwoindependentclausesjoinedbytheconjunction"when":"Thechildrenwereplayinginthegarden"(mainclause)and"therainstarted"(subordinateclause).Thesubordinateclauseisdependentonthemainclausebecauseitprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthetimingoftheaction.Thesentencedoesnotcontainacompoundsubjectorpredicate,nordoesithavedirectorindirectobjects.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisA.10.Thesentence"Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelovesher"usesthestructureof______.A.simplesentenceB.compoundsentenceC.complexsentenceD.cleftsentence【解析】Thesentencecontainsamainclause("Sheissobeautiful")andasubordinateclause("thateveryonelovesher"),joinedbythesubordinatingconjunction"that."Thisformsacomplexsentence,wherethesubordinateclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthemainclause.Thesentenceisnotacompoundsentence(twoindependentclausesjoinedbyaconjunctionorsemicolon)orasimplesentence(oneindependentclause).Acleftsentencewouldemphasizeaparticularpartofthesentence(e.g.,"Itisshewhoisbeautiful").Therefore,thecorrectanswerisC.1.Theverb"togo"inthesentence"Heisgoingtothestore"isinthe______form.2.Thephrase"inthemorning"inthesentence"Sheusuallygetsupinthemorning"isan______.3.Thesentence"Thecatchasedthemouse"isanexampleofa______sentence.4.Thepassivevoiceof"Theybuiltthehouse"is______.5.Theverb"havingfinished"inthesentence"Havingfinishedthework,shewenthome"isa(n)______.6.Thesentence"Ifithadnotrained,wewouldhavegonetothebeach"usesthestructureofthe______conditional.7.Thephrase"veryhappy"inthesentence"Sheisveryhappy"isa(n)______.8.Thesentence"ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting"containsa(n)______clause.9.Theverb"willbe"inthesentence"Shewillbeheresoon"isinthe______form.10.Thesentence"Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouwilllearn"usesthestructureof______conjunctions.【答案】1.infinitive2.adverbialphrase3.simple4.Thehousewasbuiltbythem.5.perfectparticiple6.third7.adjectivalphrase8.relative9.future10.correlative【解析】1."togo"istheinfinitiveformoftheverb"go,"usedherewiththemodalverb"isgoingto"toexpressafutureplan.2."inthemorning"modifiestheverb"getsup"byindicatingthetime,makingitanadverbialphrase.3.Thesentencehasoneindependentclause("Thecatchasedthemouse"),makingitasimplesentence.4.Thepassivevoiceisformedby"Thehouse"(subject)+"wasbuilt"(be+pastparticiple)+"bythem"(agent).5."Havingfinished"isaperfectparticipleusedtoformareducedrelativeclause("Thecat,havingfinishedthework,chasedthemouse").6.Thesentenceusesthethirdconditionalstructure("Ifithadnotrained,wewouldhavegone"),whichdescribesahypotheticalpastsituation.7."veryhappy"modifiestheadjective"happy,"makingitanadjectivalphrase.8."thatIboughtyesterday"isarelativeclausemodifying"thebook,"providingadditionalinformationaboutit.9."willbe"isthefutureformoftheverb"be,"usedheretoexpressafuturestate.10.Thesentenceusescorrelativeconjunctions("themore...,themore...")tolinktwoclausesofequalrank,expressingadirectrelationship.1.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.(True)2.Thepassivevoicealwaysemphasizestheperformeroftheaction.(False)3.Thesentence"IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallhim"usesthesecondconditional.(True)4.Agerundcanfunctionasasubjectinasentence.(True)5.Thephrase"becauseoftherain"isanadverbialphrase.(True)6.Thesentence"ThebookwhichIboughtisinteresting"containsarelativeclause.(True)7.Theverb"hasbeen"isanauxiliaryverb.(True)8.Thesentence"Themoreyoustudy,thebetteryouwilldo"usescorrelativeconjunctions.(True)9.Thepassivevoicecannotbeusedinquestions.(False)10.Thesentence"Havingfinishedthework,shewenthome"isacompoundsentence.(False)【答案】1.True2.False3.True4.True5.True6.True7.True8.True9.False10.False【解析】1.Theverbphrase"isreading"isinthepresentcontinuoustense,describinganactioninprogressatthepresentmoment.2.Thepassivevoiceoftenemphasizestherecipientoftheactionratherthantheperformer(e.g.,"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim"emphasizesthebook,nothim).3.Thesentenceusesthesecondconditionalstructure("IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallhim"),whichdescribesahypotheticalpresentsituation.4.Agerundisanounformedfromaverb(e.g.,"reading"in"Ienjoyreading"),anditcanfunctionasasubject(e.g.,"Readingisfun").5."becauseoftherain"modifiestheverb"getsup"byindicatingthereason,makingitanadverbialphrase.6."whichIbought"isarelativeclausemodifying"Thebook,"providingadditionalinformationaboutit.7."hasbeen"isaformoftheauxiliaryverb"have"combinedwiththepastparticiple"been"toformthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.8.Thesentenceusescorrelativeconjunctions("themore...,themore...")tolinktwoclausesofequalrank,expressingadirectrelationship.9.Thepassivevoicecanbeusedinquestions(e.g.,"Wasthebookwrittenbyhim?").10.Thesentenceisacomplexsentencewithareducedrelativeclause("Thecat,havingfinishedthework,chasedthemouse").Themainclauseis"shewenthome,"andtheparticipialphrase"Havingfinishedthework"modifies"she."1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenasimplesentenceandacompoundsentence?2.Howdoesthepresentperfectcontinuoustensedifferfromthepresentperfectsimpletense?3.Whatisthefunctionofarelativeclauseinasentence?4.HowdoyouformthepassivevoiceinEnglish?5.Whatisthepurposeofusingafirstconditionalinasentence?6.Howdoesagerunddifferfromaparticiple?7.Whatisthestructureofasecondconditional?8.Whatarecorrelativeconjunctions,andhowdotheywork?【答案】1.Asimplesentencecontainsoneindependentclause,whileacompoundsentencecontainstwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyaconjunctionorsemicolon.2.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseemphasizesthedurationofanaction,whilethepresentperfectsimpletenseemphasizesthecompletedactionoritsrelevancetothepresent.3.Arelativeclausemodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit,oftenintroducedbyarelativepronoun(who,which,that).4.Thepassivevoiceisformedbysubject+be+pastparticiple+(by+agent).5.Afirstconditionalisusedtotalkaboutrealorpossiblefuturesituations,withthe"if"clauseinthepresentorfuturetenseandthemainclauseinthepresentorfuturetense.6.Agerundisanounformedfromaverb(e.g.,"reading"),whileaparticipleisaverbformusedasanadjectiveorinverbphrases(e.g.,"reading"in"Thereadingbookisinteresting").7.Asecondconditionalisformedby"if+pasttense"inthe"if"clauseand"would+baseform"inthemainclause,describinghypotheticalpresentorfuturesituations.8.Correlativeconjunctionsarepairsofconjunctionsthatlinktwoclausesofequalrank(e.g.,"either...or,""neither...nor,""notonly...butalso").【解析】1.Asimplesentencehasoneindependentclausewithasubjectandapredicate(e.g.,"Shereadsbooks").Acompoundsentencehastwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyaconjunction(e.g.,"Shereadsbooks,andshewritesstories").2.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustense("hasbeenreading")emphasizesthedurationofanaction(e.g.,"Shehasbeenreadingfortwohours").Thepresentperfectsimpletense("hasread")emphasizesthecompletedaction(e.g.,"Shehasreadthebook").3.Arelativeclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanoun(e.g.,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting").Theclauseisdependentonthemainsentence.4.Thepassivevoiceisformedbycombiningthesubjectwiththeauxiliaryverb"be"andthepastparticipleofthemainverb(e.g.,"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim").5.Afirstconditionalisusedtodescriberealorpossiblefuturesituations(e.g.,"Ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic").The"if"clauseusesthepresentorfuturetense,andthemainclauseusesthepresentorfuturetense.6.Agerundisanounformedfromaverb(e.g.,"reading"in"Ienjoyreading").Aparticipleisaverbformusedasanadjectiveorinverbphrases(e.g.,"reading"in"Thereadingbookisinteresting").7.Asecondconditionalisusedtodescribehypotheticalpresentorfuturesituations(e.g.,"IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldstudymore").The"if"clauseusesthepasttense,andthemainclauseuses"would+baseform."8.Correlativeconjunctionsarepairsofconjunctionsthatlinktwoclausesofequalrank(e.g.,"either...or"in"Youcaneitherstayorgo").Theymustbeusedtogetherandcannotbeseparated.1.Rewritethesentence"Theteachergavethestudentsadifficulttest"inthepassivevoice.2.Transformthesentence"Shewillfinishtheworktomorrow"intothepresentperfectcontinuoustense.3.Combinethesentences"Heistall.Heplaysbasketballwell"intoasinglesentenceusingarelativeclause.4.Writeasentenceusingthesecondconditionaltodescribeahypotheticalsituation.5.Createasentenceusingagerundasthesubject.6.Usecorrelativeconjunctionstolinktwoclausesexpressingacontrast.7.Writeasentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.8.Transformthesentence"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam"intothefirstconditional.【答案】1.Thedifficulttestwasgiventothestudentsbytheteacher.2.Shehasbeenfinishingtheworkfortwohours.3.Themanwhoistallplaysbasketballwell.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallhim.5.Readingismyfavoritehobby.6.Eitheryoustudyhard,oryouwillfailtheexam.7.Shehasbeenlivinginthiscitysince2010.8.IfIstudiedharder,Iwouldpasstheexam.【解析】1.Thepassivevoiceisformedby"Thedifficulttest"(subject)+"wasgiven"(be+pastparticiple)+"tothestudents"(indirectobject)+"bytheteacher"(agent).2.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedby"She"(subject)+"hasbeenfinishing"(have+pastparticiple+presentparticiple)+"thework"(object)+"fortwohours"(duration).3.Therelativeclause"whoistall"modifies"He,"makingthesentence"Themanwhoistallplaysbasketballwell."4.Thesecondconditionalisformedby"IfIwereyou"(ifclausewithpasttense)+"Iwouldcallhim"(mainclausewith"would+baseform").5.Thegerund"Reading"isthesubjectofthesentence"Readingismyfavoritehobby."6.Correlativeconjunctions"Either...or"linktwoclausesofequalrank:"Eitheryoustudyhard"(ifclause)+"oryouwillfailtheexam"(mainclause).7.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresent:"Shehasbeenlivinginthiscitysince2010."8.Thefirstconditionalisformedby"IfIstudiedharder"(ifclausewithpresenttense)+"Iwouldpasstheexam"(mainclausewith"would+baseform").【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C2.C3.C4.C5.D6.D7.B8.B9.A10.C【解析】2.Therelativeclause"whichIboughtyesterday"modifies"thebook,"makingitarelativeclause.3.Theverbphrase"hasneverseen"isinthepresentperfectsimpletense.4.Thesentenceusesafirstconditionalstructure("Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic").5.Thepassivevoiceisformedby"Thehouse"(subject)+"wasbuilt"(be+pastparticiple)+"bythestudents"(agent).6.Thesentence"Sheisreadingabook"containsafiniteverbphrase"isreading."7.Thesentenceusesacorrelativeconjunctionstructure("themore...,themore...").8.Theverbphrase"hasbeenworking"isinthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.9.Thesentencecontainsarelativeclause("thatIboughtyesterday").10.Theverbphrase"willbe"isinthefutureformoftheverb"be."11.Thesentenceusescorrelativeconjunctions("themore...,themore...").二、填空题1.infinitive2.adverbialphrase3.simple4.Thehousewasbuiltbythem.5.perfectparticiple6.third7.adjectivalphrase8.relative9.future10.correlative【解析】2."togo"istheinfinitiveformoftheverb"go."3."inthemorning"modifiestheverb"getsup"byindicatingthetime.4.Thesentencehasoneindependentclause,makingitasimplesentence.5.Thepassivevoiceisformedby"Thehouse"(subject)+"wasbuilt"(be+pastparticiple)+"bythem"(agent).6."Havingfinished"isaperfectparticipleusedinareducedrelativeclause.7.Thesentenceusesthethirdconditionalstructure("Ifithadnotrained,wewouldhavegone").8."veryhappy"modifiestheadjective"happy."9."thatIboughtyesterday"isarelativeclausemodifying"thebook."10."willbe"isthefutureformoftheverb"be."11.Thesentenceusescorrelativeconjunctions("themore...,themore...").三、判断题1.True2.False3.True4.True5.True6.True7.True8.True9.False10.False【解析】2.Theverbphrase"isreading"isinthepresentcontinuoustense.3.Thepassivevoiceemphasizestherecipientoftheaction,nottheperformer.4.Thesentenceusesthesecondconditionalstructure.5.Agerundisanounformedfromaverbandcanfunctionasasubject.6."becauseoftherain"modifiestheverb"getsup"byindicatingthereason.7."whichIbought"isarelativeclausemodifying"Thebook."8."hasbeen"isaformoftheauxiliaryverb"have."9.Thesentenceusescorrelativeconjunctions("themore...,themore...").10.Thepassivevoicecanbeusedinquestions.11.Thesentenceisacomplexsentencewithareducedrelativeclause.四、简答题1.Asimplesentencecontainsoneindependentclause,whileacompoundsentencecontainstwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyaconjunctionorsemicolon.2.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseemphasizesthedurationofanaction,whilethepresentperfectsimpletenseemphasizesthecompletedactionoritsrelevancetothepresent.3.Arelativeclausemodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit,oftenintroducedbyarelativepronoun(who,which,that).4.Thepassivevoiceisformedbysubject+be+pastparticiple+(by+agent).5.Afirstconditionalisusedtotalkaboutrealorpossiblefuturesituations,withthe"if"clauseinthepresentorfuturetenseandthemainclauseinthepresentorfuturetense.6.Agerundisanounformedfromaverb(e.g.,"reading"),whileaparticipleisaverbformusedasanadjectiveorinverbphrases(e.g.,"reading"in"Thereadingbookisinteresting").7.Asecondconditionalisformedby"if+pasttense"inthe"if"clauseand"would+baseform"inthemainclause,describinghypotheticalpresentorfuturesituations.8.Correlativeconjunctionsarepairsofconjunctionsthatlinktwoclausesofequalrank(e.g.,"either...or,""neither...nor,""notonly...butalso").【解析】9.Asimplesentencehasoneindependentclause(e.g.,"Shereadsbooks").Acompoundsentencehastwoormoreindependentclausesjoinedbyaconjunction(e.g.,"Shereadsbooks,andshewritesstories").10.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustense("hasbeenreading")emphasizesthedurationofanaction(e.g.,"Shehasbeenreadingfortwohours").Thepresentperfectsimpletense("hasread")emphasizesthecompletedaction(e.g.,"Shehasreadthebook").11.Arelativeclauseprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanoun(e.g.,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting").Theclauseisdependentonthemainsentence.12.Thepassivevoiceisformedbycombiningthesubjectwiththeauxiliaryverb"be"andthepastparticiple