新概念英语第二册lessons1-10知识点及练习

《新概念英语第二册》作为英语学习的经典教材，其前十个单元尤为关键，它们为学习者构建了稳固的语法框架和词汇基础。本文将对这十个单元的核心知识点进行梳理，并辅以针对性练习，助您在英语学习的初期阶段打下坚实根基。Lesson1:APrivateConversation私人谈话核心词汇与短语*private(adj.)私人的；私下的*e.g.Weneedtohaveaprivatetalk.**conversation(n.)谈话，交谈*e.g.Ihadalongconversationwithmyfriendyesterday.**theatre(n.)剧院(美式:theater)*seat(n.)座位；(v.)使就座*e.g.Hefoundagoodseatinthefrontrow.**play(n.)戏剧；(v.)玩，演奏，扮演*loudly(adv.)大声地*e.g.Theyweretalkingloudlyinthelibrary.**angry(adj.)生气的*e.g.Theteacherwasangrywiththenoisystudents.**attention(n.)注意*e.g.PayattentiontowhatI'msaying.**bear(v.)忍受(过去式:bore,过去分词:borne/born)*e.g.Ican'tbearthehotweather.**business(n.)事情，生意*e.g.It'snoneofyourbusiness.*(这不关你的事。)*rudely(adv.)粗鲁地*e.g.Heansweredrudely.*核心句型与语法点1.be动词的一般现在时与一般过去时：*一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，或客观真理。*e.g.Iamastudent.Heworksinabank.**一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*e.g.Iwaslateyesterday.TheywenttotheparklastSunday.**本课重点在于be动词(am,is,are)的一般过去时(was,were)的运用，以及实义动词的一般过去时（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆）。2.祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议等。通常以动词原形开头。*e.g.Sitdown,please.Bequiet!*3.否定句和疑问句的构成（针对实义动词的一般过去时）：*否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+...*e.g.Hedidn'tseeme.**疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+...?*e.g.Didyougotoschoolyesterday?*针对性练习1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空：*I______(be)athomelastnight.*She______(notwatch)TVyesterdayevening.*They______(go)tothecinemalastweek.*______you______(see)himthismorning?2.将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句：*Helistenedtotheradio.*Theywereintheclassroom.Lesson2:BreakfastorLunch?早餐还是午餐？核心词汇与短语*until(prep.&conj.)直到…为止*outside(adv.)在外面；(prep.)在…外面*e.g.It'scoldoutside.Theyplayedoutsidethehouse.**ring(v.)(铃、电话等)响(过去式:rang,过去分词:rung)*e.g.Thetelephonerangjustnow.**aunt(n.)姑母；姨母；伯母；婶母；舅母*uncle(n.)姑夫；姨夫；伯父；叔父；舅父*repeat(v.)重复*e.g.Pleaserepeatthesentence.*核心句型与语法点1.一般现在时：*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常与often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用。*第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词要加-s或-es。*e.g.Shegetsupearlyeverymorning.Heoftenreadsbooks.*2.现在进行时：*表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。构成：am/is/are+动词-ing形式。*e.g.Iamreading.Theyareplayingfootballnow.**常与now,look,listen等词连用。3.一般现在时与现在进行时的对比：*一般现在时：经常性、习惯性。*e.g.Hedrinkscoffee.*(他有喝咖啡的习惯。)*现在进行时：正在进行。*e.g.Heisdrinkingcoffee.*(他现在正在喝咖啡。)4.时间状语：until,at,in,on等的初步运用。针对性练习1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（一般现在时或现在进行时）：*Sheusually______(walk)toschool,buttodayshe______(take)abus.*Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.*Myfather______(watch)TVeveryevening.*What______you______(do)now?2.翻译句子：*他通常早上七点起床。*他们现在不在上课，他们在操场上玩。Lesson3:PleaseSendMeaCard请给我寄一张明信片核心词汇与短语*send(v.)寄，送(过去式:sent)*e.g.Sendmealetterwhenyouarrive.**postcard(n.)明信片*spoil(v.)使索然无味，损坏(过去式:spoiled/spoilt)*e.g.Thebadweatherspoiledourholiday.**museum(n.)博物馆*public(adj.)公共的*e.g.publicgarden,publiclibrary**friendly(adj.)友好的*e.g.Heisveryfriendlytous.**lend(v.)借给(过去式:lent)*e.g.Canyoulendmeyourpen?*(lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.)*decision(n.)决定*e.g.makeadecision(做决定)**whole(adj.)整个的*e.g.thewholeday,thewholebook**single(adj.)唯一的，单一的*e.g.asingleroom,notasingleword*核心句型与语法点1.一般过去时的进一步巩固：特别是不规则动词的过去式，如send-sent,spend-spent,lend-lent,make-made,write-wrote等。2.间接宾语与直接宾语：*有些动词可以带两个宾语：直接宾语(表示动作的承受者，通常是物)和间接宾语(表示动作是为谁做的，通常是人)。*结构1：主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语*e.g.Shegavemeabook.(me间接宾语,abook直接宾语)**结构2：主语+动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语*e.g.Shegaveabooktome.Pleasebuyagiftforher.**常带双宾语的动词：give,send,lend,show,bring,tell,teach,buy,make等。3.情态动词can/could：*can表示“能，会，可以”（现在或将来的能力或许可）。*e.g.IcanspeakEnglish.CanIhelpyou?**could是can的过去式，表示“能，会，可以”（过去的能力或许可，或更委婉的请求）。*e.g.Hecouldswimwhenhewasfive.Couldyoupleaseopenthewindow?*针对性练习1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空：*He______(send)meapostcardlastweek.*Mymother______(make)acakeyesterday.*I______(write)alettertomyfriendnow.*She______(can)playthepianowhenshewasyoung.2.将下列句子改写，将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，并使用适当的介词：*Myuncleboughtmeanewbike.*Theteachershowedussomepictures.*Helentmehisdictionary.Lesson4:AnExcitingTrip激动人心的旅行核心词汇与短语*exciting(adj.)令人兴奋的(修饰物或事)*e.g.anexcitingfilm**receive(v.)收到，接到*e.g.Ireceivedaletterfrommybrother.**firm(n.)商行，公司*different(adj.)不同的*e.g.differentcountries,differentopinions**centre(n.)中心(美式:center)*e.g.citycentre**abroad(adv.)在国外，到国外*e.g.liveabroad,goabroad*核心句型与语法点1.现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense)：*构成：have/has+过去分词(PastParticiple)*用法1：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just,already,yet等词连用。*e.g.Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.(现在的结果是作业完成了)**e.g.Haveyouseenthefilmyet?Shehasalreadyleft.**用法2：表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for+一段时间,since+过去时间点/从句连用。*过去分词的构成：规则动词加-ed(与过去式相同)，不规则动词需特殊记忆(如go-gone,see-seen,do-done,receive-received,send-sent等)。2.副词的用法：如recently,just,already,yet,always,often等在句中的位置。*already,just,always,often通常置于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。*yet通常用于否定句和疑问句末。针对性练习1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（一般过去时或现在完成时）：*I______(see)himyesterday.*We______(live)inthishousefortenyears.*She______(notfinish)herhomeworkyet.2.用already,yet,just,never,ever填空：*Haveyou______beentoParis?*Ihave______eatendinner,soI'mnothungry.*Hehas______left,youcancallhimlater.*Theyhaven'tarrived______.*Ihave______seensuchabeautifulplacebefore.Lesson5:NoWrongNumbers无错号之虞核心词汇与短语*pigeon(n.)鸽子*message(n.)信息*e.g.takeamessage(捎口信),leaveamessage(留口信)**cover(v.)越过；覆盖*e.g.Thebirdcoveredalongdistance.Snowcoveredtheground.**distance(n.)距离*e.g.alongdistance,distancebetweenAandB**request(n.)要求，请求*e.g.aspecialrequest**spare(adj.)多余的，空闲的*e.g.sparetime,aspareroom**service(n.)业务，服务*e.g.postalservice,customerservice*核心句型与语法点1.现在完成时与一般过去时的对比：*现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或过去动作持续到现在，不与表示具体过去时间的状语(如yesterday,lastweek,in2000)连用。*一般过去时：强调过去某个具体时间发生的动作或状态，与表示具体过去时间的状语连用。*e.g.HehaslivedinBeijingfor5years.(现在还在)HelivedinBeijing5yearsago.(现在不在了)*2.情态动词must：*表示“必须，应该”（主观上认为有必要）。*e.g.Youmustfinishyourworkontime.Imustgonow.**否定式mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”。*e.g.Youmustn'tparkhere.**疑问句Must...?其否定回答通常用needn't或don'thaveto(不必)。3.名词所有格：*构成：单数名词后加's，复数名词以s结尾的只加'，不以s结尾的加's。*e.g.Tom'sbook,thestudents'classroom,children'stoys**表示“……的”。针对性练习1.用所给动词的适当形式填空（一般过去时或现在完成时）：*Mybrother______(go)toLondonlastmonth.He______(be)thereforthreeweeks.*We______(visit)theGreatWallin2019.*______you______(read)thisbookyet?It'sveryinteresting.*She______(live)inthiscitysinceshewasborn.2.用must,mustn't,needn't填空：*You______bequietinthelibrary.*______Ireturnthebooktoday?No,you______.Youcankeepitforanotherweek.*Drivers______driveafterdrinking.*I______finishmyhomeworkbeforedinner.Lesson6:PercyButtons珀西·巴顿斯核心词汇与短语*beg(v.)乞讨*e.g.begformoney/food**food(n.)食物*pocket(n.)衣袋*call(v.)拜访，光顾*e.g.Hecallsatmyhouseeveryweek.**atonce(adv.)立即，马上*e.g.Doitatonce!*核心句型与语法点1.情态动词can的用法：表示能力或请求许可，在本课中体现为“能够”做某事（乞讨、唱歌等）。2.一般现在时表示习惯性动作：本课中，珀西·巴顿斯每周拜访一次，这是