考研英语一真题及答案原题答案详解

考研英语一真题(后附答案详解)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition(1)

manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour

(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh(3).

(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.(5)peopleplace

theirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone

that(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheep

toflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto(7)withone

another.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure(8)thishormoneputsusin

atrusting(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocininlothenosesofhalfthe

subjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneyto

strangersthanweretheir(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.

(11)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay(12)us.A

Canadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate(13)

acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach(14)toanadult

testerholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?”before

lookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,"Wow!”Eachsubjectwasthen

invitedtolook(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf(16)the

containerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad(17)them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere(18)to

cooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis

leadership.(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"(20)"tester

participatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from

2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest

3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price

4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again

5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When

6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintains

7.A.consultB.competeC.connectD.compare

8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to

9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle

10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters

11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic

12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight

13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over

14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted

15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside

16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered

17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked

18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled

19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance

20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobably

gounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobots

comefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskof

beingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxibrdstudy,withthemiddleclass

disproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon't

appealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,

softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichownthe

robots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhas

benefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLuddites

whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedliving

standardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshould

eventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmay

needalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond

MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—from

grammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmore

oncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjob

offosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.

Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingand

instructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodoso

withoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to

reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.In

previouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransition

bydreamingupwaysiocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprinters

andvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthat

willinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeand

laborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wage

laborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshould

beexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjob

creation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,

yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedby

automation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecoiningforourjobswouldbenuts.But

policiestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A.Leadingpoliticians.

B.Low-wagelaborers.

C.Robotowners.

D.Middle-classworkers.

22.［题干］Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D.Negativeconsequencesofnew(echcanbeavoided

23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison.

A.creativepotential.

B.job-huntingskills.

C.individualneeds.

D.cooperativespirit.

24.［题十］Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat.

A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.［题干］Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith.

A.pposingviewsonit.

B.possiblesolutionstoit.

C.itsalarmingimpacts.

D.itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoung

AmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Not

apresident^socialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthas

risentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterof

webcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwas

fakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzz

FeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe

mediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat

separatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse''distributedIrust“toverify

stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives一

especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.<4Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreat

dealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingout

opposingviewpoints,thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.AsurveyconductedinAustralia,

Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthat

youngpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand

immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtorc-sharcnewsasaprojectionoftheir

valuesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonis"readererrorJmoresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews

liesin^misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews“viasocialmedia.Inother

words,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."This

indicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,nsays

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala

mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocial

media.

26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscast

doubtson____________________

【选项】

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.［题干］Thephrase"beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【选项】A

A.sharpen

B.define

C.boast

D.share

28.［题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

【选项】

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C.havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

D.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust”

29.【题FJTheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem

is—

【选项】

A.readersoutdatedvalues.

B.journalists*biasedreporting

C.readers'misinterpretation

D.journalists'made-upstories.

30.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【选项】

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOvcr-twcctingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNational

HealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmustsianbyacknowledgingthatbothsides

meanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(Al)companiesin

theworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcould

alsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher

damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhanded

overtoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsInonthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Further

arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedof

patientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinfonned

patientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentrateIheblameontheNHStrust,since

underexistinglawit“controlled"thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.But

thisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemere

possessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatour

livesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividual

fromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillance

economyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitis

comparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightly

maladapled.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itisnotenoughtosay(hal

thealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmatters

isthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublic

resources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdata

maybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wcarestillatthebeginningof

thisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequences

later.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.

Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.

31.【题干］WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

【选项】

A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.

C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.［题I］TheNIIStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

【选项】

A.emptypromises.

B.toughresistance.

C.necessaryadjustments.

D.sincereapologies.

33.【题干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

【选项】

A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

C.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.［题干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdeal

is___

【选项】

A.theviciousrivalryamonghigpharmas.

B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.【题干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

【选项】

A.ambiguous.

B.cautious.

C.appreciative.

D.contemptuous.

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetloss

of$5.6billionforfiscal,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.

Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployee

healthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPS

isinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreased

demandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructure

thatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewreality

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexert

self-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthat

whateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependon

getprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecent

years,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital

modernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostal

Service,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers-hasfinallyagreedonaplanto

fixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSan

estimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,among

othersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapcnny-per-letter

permanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep

wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,

thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate

wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimum

necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There'sno

changetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthat

personnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisany

discussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoys

widepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-

interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensus

aroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsarcgettingfrightenedaboutapolitically

embarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey're

gettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.

36.［题干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby.

【选项】

A.itsunbalancedbudget.

B.itsrigidmanagement.

C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.

D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.

37.【题干】AccordingloParagraph2,theUSPSfailslomodernizeitselfdueto.

【选项】

A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.

B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.

C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.

D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.

38.【题干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby.

【选项】

A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.

B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.

C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.

D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.

39.【题干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith.

【选项】

A.respect.

B.tolerance.

C.discontent.

D.gratitude.

40.【题干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【选项】

A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays

B.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese

C.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure

D.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarcrequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfrom(helistA-Gandfillingthem

intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A].InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteand

prepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.The

commissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavy

Departments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinof【he

TreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborate

FrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstruction

ofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.

[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobe

occupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),Diplomatic

ReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,

andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,

whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheoffice

oftheSecretary.

[CJ.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitv/asoriginallyknown,housedthe

threeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingand

conductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyand

thefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedas

aninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificant

diplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.

[D].Manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistorical

eventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklin

D.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,

GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecoming

president.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24

SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese

emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearl

Harbor.

[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsaunique

positioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.

DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuilt

from1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavy

Departments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpire

architectureinthecountry.

[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.When

theEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly

2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcast

ironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eight

monumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronze

balustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.

[GJ.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.The

firstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires

(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtothe

constructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorth

WingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartment

building.

41.【答案】E

【解析】诸多选项中所有出现了EEOB这个简称，那么就意味着这个专有名词一定会

先有交代它全称，再出现简称，这里只有D选项符合。

42.【答案】G

【解析】选项中有诸多时间，因此这篇文章很也许有明显时间线，而G出现了关键

词ThehistoryoftheEEOB

43.【答案】A

【解析】InDecemberof1869,出现了早时间，并且文章内容说国会选址开始建，符

合逻辑

44【答案】B

【解析】F段中说到了建了,一边接一边修建,B中出现完毕Completedin1875,符

合逻辑

45.【答案】D

【解析】讲完了建筑特色，再说诸多名人在其中发生历史事件，符合逻辑

PartCTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepjissingofthereligiousdrama,andthe

creationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.

【解析】本句主干为Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation句首bythedateof

hisbirth,考察代词指代，回上文可知为:undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedy

andcomedy为定语，修饰thecreation。

【参照译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消灭，而在经典悲剧和戏剧激发

下，这里正在形成多种新戏剧形式。

47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformof

literaturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.

【解析】本句主干•为:noboycouldbeignorantthat...,意思为：没有人会不理解…,可以翻

译成：人所有理解…。whowenttoagrammarschool为定语从句，修饰noboy,可以前置翻

译为：去文法学校人所有理解.…。后来为that引导宾语从句，宾语从句主干为thedrama

wasaformofliterature,后来为which引导定语从句，修饰aformofliterature,定语从句中

mightyetdo意思为：迟早会…，定语从句可采用后置翻译措施：它已经给希腊和罗马带来

了荣耀，也也许会给英国带来荣耀。

【参照译文】那些去文法学校人所有懂得，戏剧是文学一种形式，它已经给希腊和罗马带

来了荣耀，也迟早会给英国带来荣耀。

48)Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwith

literaryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.

【解析】本句为并列句。前半句［heprofessionalcompanies专业企业，在本文中指是专业戏

剧企.业。peimanent息为：永久，固定，［heirpermanent【healers可翻译为：固定剧院。前半

句可翻译为：不过，专业戏剧企业有了固定剧院而繁华发展起来。后半句withliterary

ambilions修饰universitymen,可断句翻译为：有文学理想大学生迅速投身这些剧院，将其

视为谋生手段。

【参照译文】不过，专业戏剧企业在固定剧院中繁华发展起来，有文学理想大学生迅速投

身这些剧院，并将其视为谋生手段。

49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,

andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.

【解析】本句为并列句，前半句主干为analiveliterarydramahadbeencrealed,可翻译为：

一种当地文学戏剧形式已经被创立，其中被动语态可以直接翻译为：产生出来。itsalliance

withthepublicplayhousesestablished为独立主格构造，意思为：它和公共剧院联盟关系被

确立，可翻译为：它和公共剧院建立了联盟关系。后半句主干为：traditionshadbeen

begun,可翻译为：最终这种戏剧部分伟大老式也开始出现。

【参照译文】一种当地文学戏剧艺术已经产生了，它和公众剧院也建立了联盟关系，而最

终这种戏剧部分伟大老式也开始出现。

50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplays

havebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.

【解析】本句主干为wemustrememberthat...andthat...。句首不定式短语中torealize后为

how引导宾语从句，可以翻译为：要想懂得戏剧艺术伟大之处。furlher为状语，修饰

remember.可翻译为:还必需记住。hostsofplays翻译为:大量戏剧作品,其种plays应翻

译为“戏剧作品第二个that引导宾语从句主干为thereisnoauthor,后来ofnote意思为:

关键、引人注目的、著名，后来为whose引导定语从句，修饰aulhorofnoie,定语从句可

用融合法，翻译为：没有著名戏剧作者完整作品保留下来。

【参照译文】要想懂得戏剧艺术伟大之处，我们还必需记住大景戏剧作品已经丢失，并且

或许我们也不会懂得那些没有完整作品保留下来剧作家

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.

Directions:

Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduation

ceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldslatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.

Youshouldwriteneatlyon:heANWSERSHEET.

Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMingMinstead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

范文：

DearExperts,

IamthechairmanoftheStudents'Unionofouruniversity.Asweallknow,our

graduationceremonyisaroundthecorner.AndIamwritingforthepurposeof

askingwhetheryoucanhonorustoattendit.

Youarcadmiredbyallthestudentsandwcwouldbegratefulifyoucouldbe

presentattheceremonytobeheldinourauditoriumonJune26th,at7p.m.Andon

behalfoftheuniversity,Igenuinelyinviteyoutobeourdistinguishedgueststoaward

graduationcertificatestostudentswhohavecompletedtherequiredcourseworkat

passinggrades.Ifso,furtherdetailsabouttheactivitywillbesent.

Yourpresencesarecordiallyrequestedandappreciated,and1amlookingforward

toyourrepliesatyourearliestconvenience.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartB

52.Directions

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould

1)describethepicturesbriefly;

2)interpretthemeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

Yoush