Python编程及项目开发 第5章-项目开发

5.3项目开发1.功能需求编写一个简易计算器，实现“加、减、乘、除及乘方、开方”运算，界面如图5-18所示。2.系统实现1#1#-*-coding:utf-8-*-2fromPyQt5.QtGuiimport*3fromPyQt5.Qtimport*4fromPyQt5.QtCoreimport*5importsys,math,string6classCalculator(QWidget):7def__init__(self,parent=None):8QWidget.__init__(self,parent=parent)9self.initUI()10self.last=[]11definitUI(self):12list=['%','**','sqrt','C',7,8,9,'+',4,5,6,'-',1,2,3,'*',0,'.','=','/']13length=len(list)14#动态创建按钮15foriinrange(length):16self.button=QPushButton(str(list[i]),self)17#将按钮的clicked信号与onButtonClick函数连接18self.button.clicked.connect(self.onButtonClick)20y=int(i/4)21self.button.move(x*40+10,y*40+100)22self.button.resize(30,30)23#创建文本框24self.lineEdit=QLineEdit('',self)25self.lineEdit.move(10,10)26self.lineEdit.resize(150,70)27self.setGeometry(200,200,170,300)28self.setWindowTitle('计算器')29self.show()3031defonButtonClick(self):32t=self.lineEdit.text()#获取文本框文本33new=self.sender().text()#获取按钮显示文本34self.last.append(new)35print(self.last)36self.lineEdit.setText(t+new)#设置文本框的文本37ifnew=='=':#等号按钮38result=eval(str(t))#计算39self.lineEdit.setText(str(result))#显示计算结果40ifnew=='C':#清空按钮41self.lineEdit.setText('')42ifnew=='sqrt':#开方按钮43self.lineEdit.setText('')44result=math.sqrt(string.atof(t))45self.lineEdit.setText(str(result))46ifnew=='**':#乘方按钮47self.lineEdit.setText('')48result=string.atof(t)**249self.lineEdit.setText(str(result))5051app=QApplication(sys.argv)52w=Calculator()53w.show()54sys.exit(app.exec_())说明：本例的界面也可以使用QTDesigner设计，然后将其转换为.py文件。1.功能需求编写一个简易的文本编辑器实现文件的打开、关闭、保存等操作。界面如图5-19所示。2.系统实现本例的界面使用QTDesigner设计，然后将其转换为.py文件。程序代码如下：1#-*-coding:utf-8-*-2fromPyQt5importQtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets3importsys4fromos.pathimportisfile5classUi_MainWindow(object):6defsetupUi(self,MainWindow):7MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")8MainWindow.resize(596,379)9self.centralwidget=QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)10self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")11self.textEdit=QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.centralwidget)12#略...13#略14self.actionSaveFile.setObjectName("actionSaveFile")15self.menu.addAction(self.actionOpenFile)16self.menu.addSeparator()17self.menu.addAction(self.actionSaveFile)18self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())19self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)2021self.actionOpenFile.triggered.connect(self.OpenFile)22self.actionSaveFile.triggered.connect(self.SaveFile)23defretranslateUi(self,MainWindow):24_translate=QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate25MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow","文本编辑器"))26self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow","文件"))2727self.actionOpenFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow","OpenFile"))28self.action.setText(_translate("MainWindow","-"))29self.actionSaveFile.setText(_translate("MainWindow","SaveFile"))30defSaveFile(self):#保存文件31fromos.pathimportisfile32ifisfile(self.filename):33file=open(self.filename,'w')34file.write(self.textEdit.toPlainText())35file.close()36defOpenFile(self):#打开文件操作37fd=QtWidgets.QFileDialog()38self.filename,self.type=fd.getOpenFileName()39#self.filename='g:/n032.txt'40ifisfile(self.filename):41file1=open(self.filename,'r+')42text=file1.read()43self.textEdit.setText(text)44if__name__=="__main__":45app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)46win=QtWidgets.QMainWindow()47ui=Ui_MainWindow()48ui.setupUi(win)49win.show()50sys.exit(app.exec_())程序说明：本程序为ui文件转换为.py文件后自动生成的代码(省略了部分内容)。21、22行将对应的菜单触发信号与相应的函数连接，完成菜单的单击动作。1.项目需求变电站设备巡检系统界面包括：(1)系统主界面：包括菜单及功能按钮，如图5-20所示(2)添加设备对话框：对巡检设备进行添加，如图5-21所示。(3)设备列表对话框：实现设备的列表显示，如图5-22所示。(4)设备巡检对话框：实现巡检信息的录入，如图5-23所示。(5)巡检信息查询对话框：可以实现按设备名、设备状态和按日期查询，如图5-24所示。该系统的功能实现见第6章。图5-21添加设备对话框图5-22设备列表2.项目实现(1)主窗口11classMainWindow(QMainWindow):2definit(self):3super().init()4self.setWindowTitle("变电站设备巡检系统")#窗口标题5self.setWindowIcon(QIcon(":/icons/main.png"))#窗口图标66self.setMinimumSize(1000,700)7self.setup_ui()89defsetup_ui(self):10#创建中心部件11central_widget=QWidget()#创建窗体12self.setCentralWidget(central_widget)13#主布局14layout=QVBoxLayout(central_widget)#创建一个垂直布局17title_label=QLabel("变电站设备巡检系统")#创建标签18title_label.setFont(QFont("Arial",20,QFont.Bold))19title_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)20layout.addWidget(title_label)#将标签添加到布局中2122#分隔线23layout.addWidget(QLabel())2425#按钮区域26button_layout=QHBoxLayout()2728#设备管理按钮29device_group=QGroupBox("设备管理")30device_layout=QVBoxLayout()3132add_device_button=QPushButton("添加设备")33add_device_button.setIcon(QIcon(":/icons/add_device.png"))34add_device_button.clicked.connect(self.show_add_device_dialog)3536list_device_button=QPushButton("设备列表")37list_device_button.setIcon(QIcon(":/icons/list_device.png"))38list_device_button.clicked.connect(self.show_device_list)3940device_layout.addWidget(add_device_button)41device_layout.addWidget(list_device_button)42device_group.setLayout(device_layout)4344#巡检管理按钮45inspect_group=QGroupBox("巡检管理")46inspect_layout=QVBoxLayout()4748inspect_button=QPushButton("设备巡检")49inspect_button.setIcon(QIcon(":/icons/inspect.png"))50inspect_button.clicked.connect(self.show_inspection_dialog)515152inspect_layout.addWidget(inspect_button)53inspect_group.setLayout(inspect_layout)5455#查询管理按钮56query_group=QGroupBox("记录查询")57query_layout=QVBoxLayout()5859query_button=QPushButton("巡检查询")60query_button.setIcon(QIcon(":/icons/query.png"))61query_button.clicked.connect(self.show_query_dialog)6263query_layout.addWidget(query_button)64query_group.setLayout(query_layout)6566button_layout.addWidget(device_group)67button_layout.addWidget(inspect_group)68button_layout.addWidget(query_group)69layout.addLayout(button_layout)7071#统计信息72stats_group=QGroupBox("系统统计")73stats_layout=QHBoxLayout()7475self.device_count_label=QLabel("设备总数:0")76self.device_count_label.setFont(QFont("Arial",12))7778self.record_count_label=QLabel("巡检记录:0")79self.record_count_label.setFont(QFont("Arial",12))81self.normal_count_label=QLabel("正常记录:0")82self.normal_count_label.setFont(QFont("Arial",12))84self.abnormal_count_label=QLabel("异常记录:0")85self.abnormal_count_label.setFont(QFont("Arial",12))87stats_layout.addWidget(self.device_count_label)88stats_layout.addWidget(self.record_count_label)89stats_layout.addWidget(self.normal_count_label)90stats_layout.addWidget(self.abnormal_count_label)91stats_group.setLayout(stats_layout)9293layout.addWidget(stats_group)9495#初始化菜单9696self.init_menu()9798definit_menu(self):99menubar=self.menuBar()101#文件菜单102file_menu=menubar.addMenu("文件")104exit_action=QAction("退出",self)105exit_action.setShortcut("Ctrl+Q")106exit_action.triggered.connect(self.close)#信号和槽107file_menu.addAction(exit_action)109#设备菜单110device_menu=menubar.addMenu("设备")112add_device_action=QAction("添加设备",self)113add_device_action.triggered.connect(self.show_add_device_dialog)114device_menu.addAction(add_device_action)116list_device_action=QAction("设备列表",self)117list_device_action.triggered.connect(self.show_device_list)118device_menu.addAction(list_device_action)120#巡检菜单121inspect_menu=menubar.addMenu("巡检")123inspect_action=QAction("设备巡检",self)124inspect_action.triggered.connect(self.show_inspection_dialog)125inspect_menu.addAction(inspect_action)127#查询菜单128query_menu=menubar.addMenu("查询")130query_action=QAction("巡检记录",self)131query_action.triggered.connect(self.show_query_dialog)132query_menu.addAction(query_action)134#帮助菜单135help_menu=menubar.addMenu("帮助")137about_action=QAction("关于",self)138about_action.triggered.connect(self.show_about)139help_menu.addAction(about_action)43self.setLayout(layout)(2)添加设备窗口1classAddDeviceDialog(QDialog):2def__init__(self,data_manager,parent=None):3super().init(parent)4self.data_manager=data_manager5self.setWindowTitle("添加设备")6self.setWindowIcon(QIcon(":/icons/device.png"))7self.setFixedSize(400,300)8self.setup_ui()910defsetup_ui(self):11layout=QVBoxLayout()13form_layout=QFormLayout()15_edit=QLineEdit()16self.type_combo=QComboBox()17self.type_combo.addItems(["变压器","断路器","隔离开关","避雷器","电容器","电