Python编程及项目开发 第8章-项目开发

8.8项目开发1.功能需求基于Flask，开发一个基于Web的工业设备监控系，功能及数据库设计参见第6章第6.5.2节。2.项目结构项目的结构如图8-15所示。3.项目设计(1)登录界面设计项目的登录界面如图8-16所示。(2)系统的主界面设计系统登录后直接跳转到主界面或单击主菜单的“Monitoring”按钮跳转到主界面，如图8-17所示。系统的主界面显示设备统计信息（设备总数及设备的状态）、设备的基本信息和故障预警信息。(3)设备信息界面设计单击主菜单的“Device”或从主界面单击“ViewFullList”按钮跳转到设备管理界面，如图8-18所示。该界面显示设备信息并可以添加设备、删除设备、修改设备、查看设备详细信息。(4)设备实时数据显示单击“Device”界面中每个设备后面的“Real-timeData”按钮，可以以图表的形式显示每个设备的实时运行情况（震动、电流、温度），如图8-19所示。(5)告警管理单击主菜单的“Alerts”或从主界面单击“ViewAllAlerts”按钮跳转到告警管理界面，如图8-20示。该界面显示告警信息，并可以实现告警信息进行删除、查看详情等操作。4.项目实现(1)构建模型models.py项目模型的主要代码如下：11fromwerkzeug.securityimportgenerate_password_hash,check_password_hash2fromflask_loginimportUserMixin3fromappimportdb,login4fromdatetimeimportdatetime5classDevice(db.Model):6__tablename__='devices'78id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)9name=db.Column(db.String(100),unique=True,nullable=False)10type=db.Column(db.String(50),nullable=False)11location=db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False)12installation_date=db.Column(db.DateTime,nullable=False)13status=db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)14last_maintenance=db.Column(db.DateTime)15manufacturer=db.Column(db.String(100))16model=db.Column(db.String(50))18sensor_data=db.relationship('SensorData',backref='device',lazy='dynamic')19alerts=db.relationship('Alert',backref='device',lazy='dynamic')202121defrepr(self):22returnf'<Device{}>'2324classSensorData(db.Model):25__tablename__='sensor_data'26#略27classAlert(db.Model):28__tablename__='alerts'29#略说明：以上只给出了系统的主要代码，详细代码请参见配套资源。(2)视图的实现本系统主要包括四个视图：routes/devices.py，routes/alerts.py，routes/monitoring.py和routes/auth.py视图。 devices.py的代码如下：1fromflaskimportBlueprint,render_template,redirect,url_for,flash,request2fromflask_loginimportlogin_required3fromappimportdb4fromapp.models.modelsimportDevice5fromdatetimeimportdatetime6fromapp.models.formsimportDeviceForm7bp=Blueprint('devices',__name__)#蓝图89@bp.route('/devices')10@login_required11defdevice_list():12page=request.args.get('page',1,type=int)13per_page=1014devices=Device.query.order_by(D).paginate\#续行15(page=page,per_page=per_page)16returnrender_template('devices/device_list.html',devices=devices)18@bp.route('/devices/add',methods=['GET','POST'])19@login_required20defadd_device():21form=DeviceForm()22ifform.validate_on_submit():23device=Device( 24name=.data,2525type=form.type.data,26location=form.location.data,27installation_date=datetime.strptime(form.installation_date.data,'%Y-%m-%d'),28status=form.status.data,29last_maintenance=datetime.strptime(form.last_maintenance.data,'%Y-%m-%d')ifform.last_maintenance.dataelseNone,30manufacturer=form.manufacturer.data,31model=form.model.data32)33db.session.add(device)34mit()35flash('Deviceaddedsuccessfully!','success')36returnredirect(url_for('devices.device_list'))3738returnrender_template('devices/add_device.html',form=form)3940@login_required41defedit_device():#添加设备42#略4344@login_required45defdelete_device():#删除设备46#略4748@login_required49defdevice_details_device():#设备详细信息50#略monitoring.py的代码如下：1fromflaskimportBlueprint,render_template,jsonify2fromflask_loginimportlogin_required3fromapp.models.modelsimportDevice,SensorData,Alert4fromdatetimeimportdatetime,timedelta5importstatistics67bp=Blueprint('monitoring',__name__)#蓝图89@bp.route('/dashboard')10@login_required11defdashboard():12devices=Device.query.all()13alerts=Alert.query.filter_by(resolved=False).order_by\#续行14(Alert.timestamp.desc()).limit(5).all()15returnrender_template('monitoring/dashboard.html',16devices=devices,17alerts=alerts)19@bp.route('/realtime-data/<int:device_id>')20@login_required21defrealtime_data(device_id):22device=Device.query.get_or_404(device_id)23returnrender_template('monitoring/realtime_data.html',device=device)2425@bp.route('/api/realtime-data/<int:device_id>')26@login_required27defget_realtime_data(device_id):28#Getdatafromlast5minutes29time_threshold=datetime.utcnow()-timedelta(minutes=5)30data_points=SensorData.query.filter(31SensorData.device_id==device_id,32SensorData.timestamp>=time_threshold33).order_by(SensorData.timestamp.desc()).limit(50).all()3435data={36'timestamps':[dp.timestamp.isoformat()fordpindata_points],37'temperature':[float(dp.temperature)ifdp.temperatureelseNonefordpindata_points],38'vibration':[float(dp.vibration)ifdp.vibrationelseNonefordpindata_points],39'current':[float(dp.current_consumption)ifdp.current_consumptionelseNonefordpindata_points]4142returnjsonify(data)(3)模板templates/base.html模板主要用于显示主菜单，核心代码如下：1<!1<!DOCTYPEhtml>2<htmllang="en">3<head>4<metacharset="UTF-8">5<metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">6<title>{%blocktitle%}DeviceManagementSystem{%endblock%}</title>7<linkrel="stylesheet"href="/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">8<linkrel="stylesheet"href="/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.10.0/font/bootstrap-icons.css">9<linkrel="stylesheet"href="{{url_for('static',filename='css/styles.css')}}">10{%blockstyles%}{%endblock%}11</head>12<body>13<navclass="navbarnavbar-expand-lgnavbar-darkbg-primary">14<divclass="container">15<aclass="navbar-brand"href="{{url_for('monitoring.dashboard')}}">DeviceManagement</a>16<buttonclass="navbar-toggler"type="button"data-bs-toggle="collapse"data-bs-target="#navbarNav">17<spanclass="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>18</button>19<divclass="collapsenavbar-collapse"id="navbarNav">20<ulclass="navbar-navme-auto">21<liclass="nav-item">22<aclass="nav-link"href="{{url_for('devices.device_list')}}">Devices</a>23</li>24<liclass="nav-item">25<aclass="nav-link"href="{{url_for('monitoring.dashboard')}}">Monitoring</a>26</li>27<liclass="nav-item">28<aclass="nav-link"href="{{url_for('alerts.alert_list')}}">Alerts</a>29</li>30</ul>31<ulclass="navbar-nav">3232<liclass="nav-item">33<aclass="nav-link"href="#"><iclass="bibi-bell-fill"></i></a>34</li>35<liclass="nav-item">36<aclass="nav-link"href="#"><iclass="bibi-person-circle"></i>Admin</a>37</li>38</ul>39</div>40</div>41</nav>42<footerclass="mt-5py-3bg-light">43<divclass="containertext-center">44<spanclass="text-muted">DeviceManagementSystem©2025</span>45</div>46</footer>4748<scriptsrc="></script>"/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>49<scriptsrc="></script>50"/npm/chart.js"></script>></script>50"50<scriptsrc="{{url_for('static',filename='js/scripts.js')}}"></script>51{%blockscripts%}52{%endblock%}53</body>54</html>55templates/device_list.html核心代码如下：1{%extends"base.html"%}23{%blocktitle%}DeviceList{%endblock%}45{%blockcontent%}6<divclass="d-flexjustify-content-betweenalign-items-centermb-4">7<h1>DeviceList</h1>8<ahref="{{url_for('devices.add_device')}}"class="btnbtn-primary">9<iclass="bibi-plus-lg"></i>AddDevice</a>11</div>11</div>13<divclass="card">14<divclass="card-body">15<divclass="table-responsive">16<tableclass="tabletable-hover">17<thead>1819<th>ID</th>20<th>Name</th>21<th>Type</th>22<th>Location</th>23<th>Status</th>24<th>Actions</th>25</tr>26</thead>27<tbody>28{%fordeviceindevices.items%}29<tr>30<td>{{device.id}}</td>31<td>{{}}</td>32<td>{{device.type}}</td>33<td>{{device.location}}</td>34<td>35<spanclass="badgebg-{{device.get_status_color()}}">36{{device.status}}37</span>38</td>39<td>40<ahref="{{url_for('devices.device_details',id=device.id)}}"class="btnbtn-smbtn-info">41<iclass="bibi-eye"></i>42</a>43<ahref="{{url_for('devices.edit_device',id=device.id)}}"class="btnbtn-smbtn-warning">44<iclass="bibi-pencil"></i>45</a>4646<formmethod="POST"action="{{url_for('devices.delete_device',id=device.id)}}"class="d-inline">47<buttontype="submit"class="btnbtn-smbtn-danger"onclick="returnconfirm('Areyousureyouwanttodeletethisdevice?')">48<iclass="bibi-trash"></i>49</button>50</form>51</td>52</tr>53{%endfor%}54</tbody>55</table>56</div>5758<navaria-label="Pagenavigation">59<ulclass="paginationjustify-content-center">60{%ifdevices.has_prev%}61<liclass="item">62<aclass="link"href="{{url_for('devices.device_list',page=devices.prev_num)}}">Previous</a>63</li>64{%else%}65<liclass="itemdisabled">66<aclass="link"href="#"tabindex="-1">Previous</a>67</li>68{%endif%}6970{%forpage_numindevices.iter_pages(left_edge=1,right_edge=1,left_current=2,right_current=3)%}71{%ifpage_num%}72{%ifdevices.page==page_num%}73<liclass="itemactive">74<aclass="link"href="{{url_for('devices.device_list',page=page_num)}}">{{page_num}}</a>75</li>77<liclass="item">78<aclass="link"href="{{url_for('devices.device_list',page=page_num)}}">{{page_num}}</a>79</li>80{%endif%}82<liclass="itemdisabled">83<aclass="link"href="#">...</a>84</li>85{%endif%}86{%endfor%}88{%ifdevices.has_next%}89<liclass="item">90<aclass="link"href="{{url_for('devices.device_list',page=devices.next_num)}}">Next</a>91</li>92{%else%}93<liclass="itemdisabled">94<aclass="link"href="#"tabindex="-1">Next</a>95</li>96{%endif%}97</ul>98