美国文学史复习知识点

Puritanism

FeaturesofPuritanism

1.Purificationofthechurch

2.Calvinism(JohnCalvin,1509-1564,Frenchprotestantreformer)

(1).EmphasisofPredestination“预定论”

(2).Totaldepravity(OriginalSin)彻底的堕落(因原罪而起)

(3).Limitedatonement有限的赎罪

AnneBradstreet(1612—1672)

FirstfamouspoetinNorthAmerica,knownasthe"TenthMuse”

最早写出真正有价值的英文诗歌的女诗人

Majorworks:

thefirstcollectionofpoemsinNorthAmerica.

TheTenthMuseLatelySprungupinAmerica(1650)

《最近在美洲出现的第十位缪斯》

Contemplations

《沉思录》

BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)

Statesman,essayist,orator,philosopher,ambassador,scientist,inventor,publisher

“masterofeachandmasteredbynone,,一HermanMelville

OneoftheFoundingFathersofAmerica

SymbolofAmericaintheAgeofEnlightenment

TheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:

theDeclarationofIndependence

thetreatyofalliancewithFrance

thetreatyofpeacewithEngland

theconstitution

ThesymbolofAmericanDream,aself-mademan

HisMajorWorks

PoorRichard'sAlmanac(1732)

«格言历书》

poemsandessays

agoodmanyadagesandcommonsensewitticisms

Autobiography(1868)

一thesimpleyetimmenselyfascinatingrecordofamanrisingtowealthandfamefromastate

ofpovertyandobscurity

一thefaithfulaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerican'sfirstself-mademan.

aPuritandocument(self-examinationandself-improvement;illustrationofPuritanethics)

—astoryofthefulfillmentofAmericandream.

ThirteenvirtuesfromTheAutobiography

1.Temperance节制.Eatnottodullness;drinknottoelevation.

2.Silence沉默.Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation.

3.Order秩序.Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.

4.Resolution决Resolvetoperformwhatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.

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5.Frugality节俭.Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself,i.e.,wastenothing.

6.Industry勤奋.Losenotime;bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful;cutoffallunnecessary

actions.

7.Sincerity诚实.Usenoharmfuldeceit;thinkinnocentlyandjustly,and,ifyouspeak,speak

accordingly.

8.Justice公正.Wrongnonebydoinginjuries,oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.

9.Moderation适度.Avoidextremes;forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.

1().Cleanliness清洁.Toleratenouncleanlincss

inbody,clothes,orhabitation.

11.Tranquility'亍静.Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.

12.Chastity贞洁.Rarelyuseveneryhutforhealthoroffspring,nevertodullness,weakness,orthe

injuryofourownoranother?speaceorreputation.

13.Humility谦虚.ImitateJesusandSocrates.

TheStyleofPuritanWriting

1.Protestant-againstornateness;reverencefortheBible.ThePuritanschosetheBibleasthe

guidebooktotheirPromisedLand.

2.Puritanwritingreflectedthecharacterandscopeofthereadingpublic,whichwasliterateand

well-groundedinreligion.

AmericanRomanticism

TimeRange:

Fromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.

HistoricalBackground:

Nationalindependence,democracy

Risingmaterialismandbusiness:leisureandwealth

Religiousdogma,rationalism

Features:

AmericanRomanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.

Imitative:EnglishandEuropeanRomanticists,abouthome,family,nature,childrenandidealized

love,etc.

Independent:EmersonandWhitman,onmajorproblemsofAmericanlife,likethewestward

expansionanddemocracyandequality,etc.

1.RomanticSubjectMatter

(1).Thequestforbeauty:non-didactic,"purebeauty."(AllanPoe)

(2).Theuseofthefar-awayandnon-normal-antiqueandfanciful(Hawthorn,Poe)

(3).Escapism-fromAmericanproblems(Irving).

(4).Interestinexternalnature-foritself,forbeauty(Emerson,Thoreau)

2.RomanticAttitudes:

(1).Appealstoimagination:remotenessofsettingsintimeandspace,improbableplots.

(2).Stressonemotionratherthanreason;optimism,

(3).Authorialsubjectivity:informandmeaning.

3.MajorThemes:

a.Primitivismandthecultofthe"noblesavage'XHiawatha《海华沙》);

b.Thecelebrationofnaturalbeautyandthesimplelife(Cooper,Emerson,Thoreau);

c.Commonman,uncorruptedbycivilization(Whittier,Cooper);

d.Interestinthepicturesquepast(Irving,Hawthorne);

e.Interestiniheremoteplaces(Melville);medievalism(Longfellow);

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RepresentitiveWritersandWorks

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WashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBook《见闻札记》marksthebeginningofAmerican

Romanticism.

Whitman's(慧特曼)LeavesofGrass《草叶集》)isthelastmasterpieceofAmerican

Romanticism.

JamesFenimoreCooper'sLeatherstockingTales《皮裹腿故事集》depictsasapioneer,

effectivelyapproximatestheAmericannationalexperienceofadventureintotheWest.

WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)

FatheroftheAmericanshortstories;

thefirstgreatAmericanwriter;

thefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame.

Masterpiece：

TheSketchBook(1820)marksthebeginningofAmericanRomanticism.

RipVanWinkle(《瑞普•凡•温克尔》)

TheLegendofSleepyHollow(《睡谷的传说》)

JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851)

OneofthefirstauthorstowriteabouttheAmericanWestwardmovement.

ThecreationofamythabouttheformativeperiodoftheAmericannation.

Theintroductionofthe“Western“traditionintoAmericanliterature.

Masterpiece:

LeatherstockingTales《皮裹腿故事集》(acollectionoftales)

ThePioneer,1823;《拓荒者》

TheLastoftheMohicans,1826;《最后的莫西干人》

ThePrairie.1827;《大草原》

ThePathfinder,1840;《探路人》

TheDeerslayer,1841.《杀鹿者》

Transcendentalism

Features:

1.Ovcrsoul

2.Individualism

3.Nature

TheTranscendentalists:

TheBigThree:

1.RalphWaldoEmerson;

2.HenryDavidThoreau;

3.MargaretFuller

Threesources:

1.AthoughtfulrevoltagainstPuritanism(totaldepravity,theoriginalsinetc.).

2.Germanphilosophersofthe18lhcentury.

3.TheeffectoforientalthoughtontheWesternworld.

RalphWaldoEmerson

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MajorWorks:

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1.Nature:

Emerson'sbestknowwork

ThebibleofNewEnglandtranscendentalism

2.“DivinitySchoolAddress”

attacksorganizedChristianity

arguesfor“moralsentimenf'-essenceofallreligions

urgesthelistenerstobethetrueteacher:offeringfirst-handrevelations

3.TheAmericanScholart,:

America'sdeclarationofIntellectualIndependence

assertsnatureasateacherthatinstructsmantoseehisconnectionwiththeworld

maintainscreationiscontinuousandeachagemusthaveitsownbooks

declaresself-trustandindependentthinkinganecessityforthenewscholar.

HenryDavidThoreau

MajorWorks:

1.Walden

Abookonself-cullureandhumanperfectibility

carryingoutanexperiment

recordingingreatdetailaspirituallyrewardingyetsimplelife

reflectingonnature'srestorativeinfluence

Abookthatinspiredmodernnaturepreservation

2.CivilDisobedience

NathanielHawthorne(l804-1864)

MajorWorks:

(1).Fanshawe《范肖》

(2).TheTokenwerereprintedinTwice-toldTalcs.《重述一遍的故事》

(3).Twice-ToldTales,1837;《重述一遍的故事》

(4).MossesfromanOldManse,1846;《古屋青苔》,including"YoungGoodmanBrown”

《年轻的古德曼・布朗》，"R叩paccini'sDaughter”《拉帕西尼的女儿》，“TheArtistof

theBeautiful","TheBirthmark",and"RogerMalvin'sBurial".

(5).Booksforchildren:

Grandfather'sChair(1841);

FamousOldPeople(1841),

LibertyTree(1841),

BiographicalStoriesforChildren(1842)

(6).TheScarletLetter,1850;《红字》

(7).TheSnow-ImageandOtherTwice-ToldTales(1851)

(8).TheHouseofSevenGables,1851;《七个尖角阁的房子》

(9).TheBlithedaleRomance,1852;《福谷传奇》

(10).TheMarbleFaun,1860;《玉石雕像》

(II).TheCentenaryEditionoftheWorksofHawthorne,18vols.ed.W.Charvatetal.,1962-1987.

Masterpieces:

TheScarletLetter(1850),writtenafterHawthorn'sdismissalfromhispostowingtoachangeof

administrations,provedtobehisgreatestwork,andindeedsummedupinclassictermsthe

Puritandilemmathathadsolongoccupiedhisimagination.

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OtherImportantbooks:

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TheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851);isanothergreatromance,concernedwiththedecadenceof

Puritanism,anovelbaseduponcolonialAmericaandfilledwithmysticism.

TheBlithedaleRomance,(1852)inwhichhetunedtothecontemporarysceneandhisBrookFarm

experiences;

TheScarletLetter(1850)

人物：

1.Wife:HesterPrynne

2.丈夫改名后：RogerChillingworth

3.Priest:ArthurDimmesdale

WaltWhitman(18194891)

Whitman,s(慧特曼)LeavesofGrass《草叶集》)isthelastmasterpieceofAmerican

Romanticism.

Freeverse

1.withoutafixed,traditionalrhymescheme

2.Itissometimesreferredtoas“openfbnn,'verse,orbytheFrenchtennverslibre.

Whitman'sstatus

WhitmanstandsasoneoftwogiantsofAmericanpoetryin19lhC.

foundnewsubjectsfortypicalAmericantypeofpoetry.

rejectedconventionalthemes,traditionalrhyme

HeinfluencedHarlemRenaissancewritersasLangstonHughesandJamesWeldonJohnson.

EzraPound,T.S.Eliot(Modernistpoets)werealsoinfluencedbyWhitman.

MajorWorks:

1.LeavesofGrass

2.SongofMyself

3.OutoftheCradleEndlesslyRocking

4.WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom'd纪念林肯

EdgarAllanPoe

1.Position

(1).Poet,short-storywriterandcritic.

(2〕.UniquepositioninthehistoryofAmericanliterature:

a.ancestorofthedetectivestory(influencingConanDoyle)

b.forefatherofpsychologicalnovels(psychologicalanalysis)

c.thefirstimportantAmericancriticandfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism

d.(beregardedas)oneofthefirstaesthetesinliteraryhistory

However,Poemaybethemostcontroversialandmostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistory

ofAmericanliterature.

2.Masterpieces:

TheRaven(1844)―oneofhismostenduringworks

ToHelen

HermanMelville:

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majortheme:aliennalion

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Masterpiece:

MobyDick《白鲸》

人物：

1.Ishmael

2.船长:Ahab

3.白鲸:MobyDick

4.船：Pequod

AcommonTheme:oneo俨Rejectionandquest”

1.19世纪中期

2.Cooper,Hawthorne,Melville

EmilyDickinson(1830-1886)

1.PioneerofImagism

2.Calvinistfamily

诗歌特点：

1.Iove:"WithaFlower","ProoF'

2.Nature:"AServiceofSong”,“SummerShower”

3.Deathandimmortality:"BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath^^

4.Miscellaneous:"TellalltheTruthbuttellItSlant”

Hertechniquesoriginality:

1.Capitalizationsanddashes

2.Metaphors

3.symbolism

Dickinson'sstatus

1.HerunconventionalityinfluencedmodernpoetslikeAdrienneRich,RichardWilbur,and

WilliamStafford.

AlongwithWaltWhitman,DickinsonisconsideredatruegeniusofAmericanpoetryofthe19thC.

Works

1.BecauseIcouldnot...

2.TellalltheTruthbuttellitslant-

3.WithAFlower

4.Proof

5.AServiceofSong

6.Thisismyletter

AmericanRealism

TimeRange:

1865-1910

Background:

1.AftermathoftheCivilWar

a.SocialProblems:deteriorationofmoralvalues;extremesofwealthandpoverty;majority

struggledforsurvival

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b.QuestionontheTranscendentalists,assumptions

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2.Agreatinterestintherealitiesoflife

3.Thecloseofthefrontier

Features:

1.Anti-romantic,anti-sentimental;truthfuldescriptionoflife真实性

2.Typicalcharacterandplotundertypicalsetting人物情节与背景的典型性、代表性

3.Objectiveratherthanidealizedviewofhumannatureandexperience客观性

4.Concernforsocialandpsychologicalproblems关注社会与个人心理问题

RealisticTechniques

(1).Settingsthoroughlyfamiliartothewriter

(2).Plotsemphasizingthenormofdailyexperience

⑶.Ordinarycharacters,studiedindepth

(4).Completeauthorialobjectivity

(5).Responsiblemorality;aworldtrulyreported

RepresentativeWritersandWorks:

1.WilliamDeanHowellsisthethechampionofliteraryrealisminAmerica.HisTheRiseof

SilasLapham,isaboutcriticaloftheriseofmaterialisminAmericanlife

2.HenryJamesistheforefatherofpsychologicalanalysisandstreamofconsciousness.

HisfamousworkisThePortraitofaLady.

3.MarkTwainrepresentssociallifethroughportraitsoflocalplaceswhichheknewbest.

HisfamouswordisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.

WilliamDeanHowells(1837—1920)

1.middleclass

2.smilingaspect

3.Lackingofpsychologicaldepth

MajorWorks

1.TheRiseofSilasLapham(1885)《塞拉斯•拉帕姆的发迹》

Protagonist:SilasLapham,aself-mademan,aupstart

2.AModernInstance(1881)《现代婚姻》

3.IndianSummer(1886)《晚秋之暧》

4.AnnieKilburn(1888)《安妮•吉尔伯恩》

5.AHazardofNewFortunes(1890)《时来运转》

6.AChanceAcquaintance

HenryJanies(1843—1916)

1.upperclass

2.Harvard

3.Novelist,critic,playwright,essayist

4.Forefatherofpsychologicalanalysisandstreamofconsciousness

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5.Internationaltheme:AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication

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MajorWorks:

1.TheAmerican(1877)《美国人》

2.DaisyMiller(1879)《苔瑟•密勒》

3.ThePortraitofaLady(1881)《贵妇人的画像》

4.TheBostonians(1886)《波士顿人》

5.ThePrincessCasamassima(1886)《卡萨玛西玛公主》

6.WhatMaisieKnew(1897)《梅吉的见闻》

7.TheTurnoftheScrew《拧螺丝》

Threegreatnovels

8.TheWingsoflheDove(1902)《鸽翼》

9.TheAmbassadors(1903)《专使》

10.TheGoldenBowl(1904)《金碗》

LocalColorism(1860s—1900)乡土文学

Features

1.Emphasisofelementswhichcharacterizealocalculture,suchasspeech,customs,andmores

peculiartooneparticularplace.

2.Emphasisofphysicalsettingandthosedistinctivequalitiesoflandscapewhichconditionhuman

thoughtandbehavior.

3.dialect

4.framestory

MarkTwain(1835—1910)

1.lowerclass

2.socialcritic,localcolorist

3.colloquialspeech

4.southwesternhumor

5.storiespeculiartoMississippiandWest

MajorWorks

1.《卡拉韦拉斯县当也名的刈^蚌》TheCelebratedJumpingFro?ofCalaverasCounty第一个成

功文学作品

2.《镀金时代》(TheGildedAge,1873)

3.《汤姆•索耳B历险t己》(TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,1876)

4.《王子与贫儿》(ThePrinceandIhePauper,1881)

5.《密西西比河上》(LifeontheMississippi,1883)

6.《哈克贝利•费恩历险i己》(TheAdvenluresofHuckleberryFirm,1886)

7.《傻瓜威尔逊》Pud'nheadWilson(1893)

8.《圣女贞德》PersonalReflectionsofJoanofArc(1896)FollowingtheEquator(1897)

《赤道旅行记》

9.《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》TheManThatCoiTuptedHadleyburg(1900)

1().«傻子国外旅行记》InnocentsAbroad(1869)

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11.《神秘的来客》TheMysteriousStranger(1906)

12.《人是怎么一回事》WhatIsMan(1906)

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884)

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人物：

1.HuckleberryFinn:Maincharacterofthebook,whorunsawayfromhisadoptedfamilytobefree

ofsocietyandcivilization.

2.TomSawyer:Huck'sbestfriendwhofreelyspinsliesandlovesadventure.

3.WidowDouglas:AdoptsHucktotryandcivilizehim.

4.MissWatson:SisteroftheWidowDouglas.ShetriestoteachHuckreligionandhowtospell.

5.Jim:MissWatson'sslave.HerunsawayandjourneysdowntheMississippiRiverwithHuck.

6.Pap:Huck'sdrunkardfather.

7.TheKingandtheDuke:twoswindlers

Comparisonofthethree"giants”

1.Theme

Howells-middleclass

James-upperclass

Twain-lowerclass

2.Tone

Howells-smiling/genteelrealism

James-psychologicalrealism

Twain-localcolourisinandcolloquialism

AmericanNaturalism

TimeRange:

1890-1920

Background:

1.Emergenceof“ModemAmerica"：financialgiantsvs.industrialproletariat

2.Newideasaboutmanandman'splaceintheuniverse:inacold,indifferentand

Godlessworld,manisinsignificantwithoutfreedomofwill.

3.YoungergenerationofwritersthoughtHowellsianrealismwastoorestrainedand

genteeltotellthetruthoftheharsherrealitiesofAmericanlife.

Definition:

acriticaltermappliedtothemethodofliterarycompositionthataimsatadetached,scientific

objectivityinthetreatmentofnaturalman.Itisthusmoreinclusiveandlessselectivethanrealism,

andholdstothephilosophyofdeterminism.Itconceivesofmanascontrolledbyhisinstinctsor

hispassions,orbyhissocialandeconomicenvironmentandcircumstances.Sinceinthisview

manhasnofreewill,thenaturalisticwriterdoesnotattempttomakemoraljudgments,andasa

deterministhetendstowardpessimism.(TheOxfordCompaniontoAmericanlit.)

Features:

1.Humansarecontrolledbysomedeterministicforces,bothinternal(heredity)andexternal

(environment)

2.Theuniverseisindifferentandhostile.

3.Theliterarynaturalistshaveamajordifferencefromthercalists.

Theydescribedtheviolent,sensational,sordid,unpleasant,anduglyaspectsoflifeinsteadofthe

average

Insteadofreflectingthemiddle-classlife,theywouldratherwriteaboutthelifeoffailure,

povertyandevencrime.

4.generaltone:hopelessness,despair,gloom,pessimism

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RepresentativeWritersandWorks

1.asaresponsetoadarkeningsocialoutlook:theharshfutilityoflifeinnature,onthefarm,orin

thecity(StephenCrane)Maggie:AGirloftheStreet(1893)

2.TheodoreDreiserSisterCarrieisaspiritualtragedy.

3.thepoliticalimplicationsofeconomicforces(FrankNorris)McTeague

StephenCrane(1871-1900)

1.PioneerinthefieldofModernpoetry:OneofthetwoprecursorsofImagist,theotherbeing

EmilyDickson

MajorWorks:

1.Maggie:AGirloftheStreet(1893)《街头女郎梅季》

a.AmasterpieceofAm.naturalism,thefirstnaturalisticnovelinAmericanLiterature.

b.Tragiclife

c.diedinriver

d.PeteseducesandabandonsMaggie

2.TheRedBad^eofCoura浜(1895)《红色英勇勋章

3.TheOpenBoat《海上扁舟》(1897)

4.TheBrideComestoYellowSky《新娘来到黄天镇》

5.TheBlueHotel《蓝色旅馆》

6.AnExperimentinMisery

7.Collection:TheBlackRidersandOtherLines《黑衣骑士及其他》(1895)

8.Longpoem:WarIsKind《战争是仁慈的》(1899)

9.AManSaidtotheUniverse(book)

10.AManAdriftonaSlimSpar'Xbook)

FrankNorris(l870-1902)

MajorWorks:

1.McTeavue(1899)《麦克提格》

“thefirstfull-bodiednaturalisticAmericannovel"/fulllength

2.“TheEpicoftheWheatw:atrilogy《小麦史诗》

3.TheOctopus(1901)《章鱼》thebest,abouttheproductionofthewheat,theoctopus-the

railroad

4.ThePit(1903)《陷阱》thedistributionandconsumptionofthewheatonthemarket

5.TheWolf《野狼》

TheodoreDreiser(1871-1945)

MajorWorks:

1.SisterCarrie(1900)《嘉莉妹妹》

&第一部小说

b.先遭拒绝，后出版

2.TheTrilogyofDesirew《欲望三部曲》：

a.TheFinancier(1912)《金融家》

b.TheTitan(1914)《巨头》

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c.TheStoic,《禁欲者》(1945.unfinished)

3.The'Genius'(1915)《天才》

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4.AnAmericanTragedy(1925)《美国悲剧》,自传

5.Dawn《曙光》(1931)

6.TheBulwark《堡垒》(1946)

SisterCarrie(1900)

人物：

1.CarolineMeeber,knownasCarrie

2.CharlieDrouet

3.GeorgeHurstwood

The1920s

AmericanModernism

TimeRange:1910s-1945

HistoricalBackground:

1.TheInfluenceoftheWWI:

AstrongerimageofAmericaininternationalarena;

Theeconomicboom-adeceptiveaffluence;

Thedevelopmentofanewtypeofindustrialeconomy;

2.IntoleranceinAmericansociety:thediscriminationagainstminorities.

3.Thelossoffaith-thedeathofGod.

Intellectually,Darwin,Freud,Nietzsche,Marx

Spiritually,senseofdisillusionment&fragmentation

Definition:

1.Theattempttocreatesomethingnewinthespaceofmoderncrisisandchange.

2.Discontentmentandadeliberate&radicalbreakwithtraditionalwaysofexpressioninWestern

arts&lit.

3.Innovativeexperimentationinsubjects,forms,concepts&styles

Features:

Fragmentationandopen-endednessinstructure

Alienationasthechiefcharacteristic

Interestsinthepsychologicaldepthsofcharacters(methodofstream-of-consciousness)

Gender,race,classasacceptedregisters

—effortstorepresentpostwarwor'dasincoherent,futile,fragmcnicd,andmeaningless,manasmisplaced,lost

andalienated,toresisttraditionaltotalizedviewsofreality

RepresentitiveWritersandWorks

1.T.SEliotisthemostdominantliteraryfigurebetweenthetwoworldwars.

TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock

2.EzraPoundistheleaderoftheImagistmovement,mentorofmanyliterarytalents,triedfor

treason

IndebtednesstoChineseculture.

InaStationoftheMetro.

Imagism意象主义

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(1912—1914,withEzraPoundastheleader)

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1.RejectedtheeffusivenatureofRomanticandVictorianpoetry

2.Focusedondirectnessofideaandeconomyoflanguage

3.ContemporarywithandinharshcontrasttoGeorgianpoetry

4.Contemporaries:EzraPound,T.S.Eliot

Representatives:Pound,Hulme,AmyLowell,H.D.,RichardAldington,WilliamCarlos

Williams

FeaturesoftheImagistPoetry:

1.Tousethelanguageofcommonspeech

2.Tocreatenewrhythms-anewcadencemeansanewidea

3.Toallowabsolutefreedominthechoiceofsubject

4.Topresentanimage

5.Toproducepoetrythatishardandclear,neverblurredorindefinite

6.ConcentrationistheveryessenceofPoetry

EzraPound(1885—1972)庞德

MajorWorks:

1.InaStationoftheMet】。

2.IndebtednesstoChineseculture

a.HughSelwynMauherley《休・西尔文•毛伯莱》

b.Cantos(1915-1945)《诗章》

3.1908ALumeSpento《灯火熄灭之时》

4.1909Personae《人物》

5.1910TheSpiritofRomance《罗曼斯精神》

6.1915Cathay《中国》

7.1919HomagetoSextusPropertivs《向塞克斯图斯•普罗佩提乌斯致敬》

8.1920HughSelwynMauherley《休•赛尔温♦毛伯利》

9.1945ThePisanCantos《匕萨诗章》

10.1954LettersofEzraPound,1907—1941《埃兹拉•庞德书信集》

11.1973LiteraryEssays《文学论文集》SelectedProse1909—1965《文选》

ThomasStearnsEliot(1888-1965)

1.fragmentation

2.modernmanalienation

MajorWorks:

1.TheLoveSonsofJ.AlfredPrufrock(1911)《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》

2.TheWasteLand(1922)《荒原》

3.HollowMan(1925)《空心人》

4.AshWenesday(1930)《圣尘星期三》

5.FourQuartets(1943)《四个四重奏》

F.ScottFitzgerald(1896—1940)菲茨杰拉德

1.Thespokesmanofthe“Roaringtwenties"andTheJazzAge

2.Stylist

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MajorWorks:

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l.ThisSideofParadise(1920)《人间天堂》

2.TheBeautifulandDamned(1922)《美人与丑鬼》

ThefirstattemptatwritingTheGreatGatsby.

3.TheGreatGatsby(1925)《了不起的盖茨比》

a.F'sbest,writteninParis,amasterpieceofthe1920s

b.criticismontheJazzAge

4.TenderIstheNight(1934)《夜色温柔》

F'ssecondimportantnovel,condemningthewastedenergyofmisguidedyouth.

5.TheLastTycoon(1941)《最后一个巨头》unfinished

6.Twoshortstorycollections:

a.FlappersandPhilosophers(1920)《少女与哲学家》

b.TalcsoftheJazzAge(1922)《爵士时代的故事》

Giveitsnametothedecade(1919-1929)-theJazzAge(the"RoaringTwenties","TheFlapper

Period”)

7,TheCrack-Up(1945),essayscollectedbyEdmundWilson《崩溃》

TheGreatGatsby(1925)《了不起的盖茨比》

人物：

1.TomBuchanan

2.Daisy

3.Gatsby

4.Wilson

5.NickCarraway

ErnestHemingway(1899—1961)海明威

1.colloquialstyle

2.icebergtheory

MajorWorks:

1.TheSunAkoRises(1926)《太阳照样升起》

paintstheimageofawholegeneration-thelostgeneration,spiritualcrisis

2.AFarewelltoAmis(1929)《永别了，武器》

basedonhiswarexperienceinItaly,alovetragedyintheWar,theloverscalled“modem

RomeoandJuliet”,firmlyestablishedH'sreputation

3.ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)《丧钟为谁而鸣》(《战地钟声》)

Basedonh