考研英语模拟试卷265

考研英语模拟试卷265

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Punishmentdependsasmuchonpoliticsasitdocsoncrime:crimerateshavebeenstable

inrecentyearsbutthere'sbeenastrikingincreaseintheprisonpopulation,Andbecause

populismiscomingsomuchto(1)thepoliticalagendas,politiciansareadvocating

sharpincreasesinpenaltiestotake(2)ofpublicunease.Thequestionishowfar

thiswillget.Inthe21stcenturyweakgovernmentsmighttrytowinlegitimacybybeing

especially(3)oncrime.Thatcouldmeanhighprisonpopulationsanddraconian

(4)suchasthoseadoptedintheUnitedStatesinrecentyears.Luckily,thereremain

significantdifferencesbetweentheUKandtheUSA:socialdivisionsarelessextreme

andracial(5)arcnotashigh.(6)thereisagreatdealofminorviolentcrime

here,ratesofmurder—(7)particularlyfuelpublicanxieties—aremuch(8)

becausegunshavenotbeensowidely(9).It'sunlikelythatthiswillchangegreatly:

the(10)totightenupthegunlawsinBritainwillcontinue,andall(11)the

toughestcriminalswillstillhaveaviewaboutwhatisandwhatisn't"acceptable

violence".SoIdon'tbelievewewillseeahuge(12)inviolentcrime,butI

(13)ratesofpropertycrimeandcrimesofopportunitytoremainhigh.Therewill

alsobemuchmoreelectronicfraudbecauseit'ssohardto(14)andprevent.Thisis

animportantproblemforbusiness,butnotonethat(15)muchpopularagitation.

Itsunlikelywe'llseethereturnofthedeathpenalty:thepoliceare(16)aboutits

effectivenessanditsreintroductionwouldbehighlyproblematic(17)therecent

CouncilofEuropeprotocoloutlawingitsuse.(18)punishmentremainsapretty

accuratetemperaturegauge,though:(19)thereissignificantpoliticalpressurefor

thedeathpenalty,it'sa(20)ofharsherattitudestowardscrimegenerally.

1、Punishmentdependsasmuchonpoliticsasitdoesoncrime:crimerateshavebeen

stableinrecentyearsbutthere'sbeenastrikingincreaseintheprisonpopulation,And

becausepopulismiscomingsomuchto(1)thepoliticalagendas,politiciansare

advocatingsharpincreasesinpenaltiestotake(2)ofpublicunease.Thequestionis

howfarthiswillget.Inthe21stcenturyweakgovernmentsmighttrytowinlegitimacy

bybeingespecially(3)oncrime.Thatcouldmeanhighprisonpopulationsand

draconian(4)suchasthoseadoptedintheUnitedStatesinrecentyears.Luckily,

thereremainsignificantdifferencesbetweentheUKandtheUSA:socialdivisionsarc

lessextremeandracial(5)arenotashigh.(6)thereisagreatdealofminor

violentcrimehere,ratesofmurder-(7)particularlyfuelpublicanxieties一are

much(8)becausegunshavenotbeensowidely(9).It'sunlikelythattliis

willchangegreatly:the(10)totightenupthegunlawsinBritainwillcontinue,and

all(11)thetoughestcriminalswillstillhaveaviewaboutwhatisandwhatisn't

"acceptableviolence".SoIdon'tbelievewewillseeahuge(12)inviolentcrime,

butI(13)ratesofpropertycrimeandcrimesofopportunitytoremainhigh.There

willalsobemuchmoreelectronicfraudbecauseit'ssohardto(14)andprevent.

Thisisanimportantproblemforbusiness,butnotonethat(15)muchpopular

agitation.It?sunlikelywellseethereturnofthedeathpenalty:thepolicearc(16)

aboutitseffectivenessanditsreintroductionwouldbehighlyproblematic(17)the

recentCouncilofEuropeprotocoloutlawingitsuse.(18)punishmentremainsa

prettyaccuratetemperaturegauge,though:(19)thereissignificantpolitical

pressurefbrthedeathpenalty,it'sa(20)ofharsherattitudestowardscrime

generally.

A、govern

B、dominate

CNcontrol

D、manipulate

标准答案：B

知识之解析：动词辨析。govern意为”统治(国家等)；管辖(城市，国家等)的公共事

务”；dominale意为”在(某事物)中占上风或处于优势；占最重要地位”；control意为

“控制"；manipulate意为“操纵”。文章此处指民意主义在政治上占上风，因此

dominate为最佳选择。

2、

A^responsibility

BNplace

C、measures

D^advantage

标准答案：D

知识点解析：词组辨析。所选名词需要和lake搭配，同时要求和介词of搭配。

Responsibility的搭配形式为takeresponsibilityfor,意为"为...负责任”;place的搭

配形式为taketheplaceof,意为"代替…";measures和take搭配,意为"采取措施

",不需要介词of；只有词组takeadvanlageof既符合形式又符合题意，意为"利用

"o该句意为，由于民意主义在政治上占上风，政界人士利用公众的不安心理，纷

纷主张加大处罚力度。

3、

A^tough

B、tight

C、lenient

D、malignant

标准答案：A

知识点解析：形容词和介词搭配。该选项需要和介词。n搭配，lough为最佳选项，

“betoughon”意为"对...严厉，tight意为”牢的，紧的"：lenient意为"宽大的，仁慈

的"，和题意相反；malignant意为"坏的，恶性的"，如malignanttumor（恶性肿瘤）。

4、

A、convictions

B、principles

C、punishments

D^arrangements

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语篇连贯。该空选punishmenls和上文中的punishmenl重现，

draconianpunishmenls意为"严厉而惩罚”。该句意为，这可能意味着监狱将人满为

患，惩罚将严酷无情，就象美国近年来所实行的惩罚那样。

5、

A^pressures

B>depressions

C、tensions

D^stresses

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析。pressures意为“压力"；depressions意为"（经济）萧条；（情

绪）抑郁、tensions意为，紧张”，既可以描述心理或神经方面的紧张，也可以推述

关系的紧张，后者通常用复数，因此它是最佳答案，racialtensions指种族关系的紧

张；stresses意为”压力或紧张”，通常指精神或肉体上的痛苦、困难的情况。

6、

A、Because

B、Although

C^Since

D、However

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语篇连贯。根据上下文，在英国，社会两极分化不那么严重，种族关

系也不那么紧张，虽然这里轻度暴力犯罪不少，但特别引起公众不安的谋杀率却低

得多，因此although为最佳选择，表达让步。

7、

A、what

B、that

C^whether

D、which

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语法现象。此处选择which引导非限制定语从句，对上文进行补充。

8、

A、lower

B、higher

C、more

D、less

标准答案：A

13、

A^expect

B、suppose

C、assume

D、conceive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析和搭配。结构"expecJlo...”意为“期望…做…；期望…发生

而suppose和不定式搭配时,一般用作"besupposedto...”，意为"被期望做…”；

assume意为"假定，假设”，尤指主观臆断，缺乏证据；conceive和of搭配,意为”

想象二根据题意，expect为最佳选择。该句意为，我预计财产犯罪率和机会性犯

罪率仍会很高。

14、

A、scan

B、monitor

C、observe

D、detect

标准答案：D

知识点解析:动词辨析。scab意为"扫描";monitor意为“监视，监控”;observe意

为”观测,观察”；detect意为”发现,查出，侦破”。根据文章，电子诈骗是犯罪行

为，因此detect（侦破）为最佳选择。

15、

A、rises

B、raises

C、arouses

D、arises

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析。首先，此空需要一个及物动词，rise（升起，上升）和

arise（出现）是不及物动词，不符合语法：raise意为提高，如raisesalary（加薪）；

arouse意为"唤醒,激发，激起"，符合题意和语法,arousepopularagitation意为”引

起公众的波动”。

16、

A、suspicious

B、skeptical

C^arrogant

D、indignant

标准答案：B

知识点解析：形容词辨析和搭配。suspicious意为"怀疑的”，通常和of搭配；

skeptical意为"怀疑的"，通常和about搭配,符合题意和形式;arrogant意为“骄傲

的，傲慢的"；indignant意为“愤慨的"，后两个单词不符合题意。

17、

A^given

B、provided

C、concerned

D、considered

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语篇连贯。given意为”考虑到.鉴于”，表达让步关系，该句意为，

鉴于欧洲理事会最近的议定书宣布其使用为非法，恢复死刑会很成问题。又如：

Givenhispoorhealth,hecannotfinishthetaskontime.意为：鉴于他的健康状况不

好，他不能按时完成任务。

18、

A、Major

B、Critical

C、Capital

D、Significant

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语篇连贯和形容词辨析。capitalpunishment意为"重刑，死刑”，和该

段第一句中的deathpenalty意义相同，二者为意义，的重现。

19、

A、however

B、whenever

C、whatever

D、wherever

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语篇连贯。该空选whenever,引导时间类让步状语从句。该句意

为.每次出现要求恢复死刑的强大政治压力，都表明公众对犯罪的态度渐趋强硬.

20、

A、symbol

sign

C、signature

D、symptom

标准答案：B

知识点解析：symbol意为"象征"；sign意为"迹象，符号"；signature意为"签名，签

字"；symptom特指”（疾病等）症状，根据文章，每次出现要求恢复死刑的强大政治

压力，这都是公众对犯罪的态度渐趋强硬的迹象。因此sign为正确答案。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Fewinsectshaveinspiredasmuchfearandhatredasthediminutivefireants,lessthan

halfaninchlongbutlivingincoloniesofmorethan250,000others.Everyoneinthe

southernUnitedStatesgetstoknowfireantssoonerorlaterbypainfulexperience.Fire

antsliveinlargeearthenmoundsandaretruesocialinsects—thatmeanstheyhavea

castesystem(divisionoflabor),withaspecializedcastethatlayseggs(queen)anda

workercasteofsterilefemales.Thereareseveralreasonsthattheyareconsideredpests.

About60%ofpeoplelivinginareaswherefireantsoccurarestungeveryyear.Ofthese,

about1%havesomedegreeofallergicreaction(calledanaphylaxis)tothesting.Their

largemoundsareunsightlyandcandamagemowingequipment.Fireantssometimes

enterelectricalandmechanicalequipmentandcanshortoutswitchesorchewthrough

insulation.Finally,aslireantsmoveintonewareas,theyreducediversityofnativeants

andpreyonlargeranimalssuchasground-nestingbirdsandturtles.Eventhoughfireants

arepestsinmanycircumstances,theycanactuallybebeneficialinothers.Thereis

evidencethattheirpredatoryactivitiescanreducethenumbersofsomeotherimportant

pests.Incotton,forexample,theypreyonimportantpeststhateatcottonplantssuchas

bollwormsandbudworms.InLouisianasugarcane,aninsectcalledthesugarcaneborer

usedtobeaveryimportantpestbeforefireantsarrivedandbeganpreyingonit.Fireants

alsopreyonticksandfleas.Whetherfireantsareconsideredpestornotdependonv/here

theyarefound,butonethingissure—wehadbestgetusedtolivingwiththem.

Eradicationattemptsinthe1960sand1970sfailedforanumberofreasons,andscientists

generallyagreethatcompleteeliminationoffireantsfromtheUnitedStatesisnot

possible.Anew,long-termapproachtoreducingfireantpopulationsinvolvesclassical

biologicalcontrol.WhenfireantswereaccidentallybroughttotheUnitedStates,mostof

theirparasitesanddiseaseswerenot.Classicalbiologicalcontrolinvolvesidentifying

parasitesanddiseasesspecifictofireantsinSouthAmerica,testingthemtobesure(hat

theydon'tattackorinfectnativeplantsoranimalsandestablishingtheminthe

IntroducedfireantpopulationIntheUnitedStates.Sincefireantsareabout5to7times

moreabundantherethaninSouthAmerica,scientistshopetoreducetheirnumbersusing

thisapproach.

21、Theword"casle'XparagraphI)mostprobablymeans

A、throwing.

B、castle.

C、rank.

D、level.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：含义题。caste这个词后面的内容对其进行了充分注释：劳动力划

分,专门的一个caste负责产卵，不产卵的母蚁作为一个caste负责工作。明显这是

层级或地位的划分，因此只有答案选项合题意。

22、Whichofthefollowingisareasonwhyfireantsareconsideredpests?

Theymaycausepossiblemechanicalbreakdownstomowingequipment.

B、Apersonhasa60%chancetobestungbyfireantseveryyear.

C、1%ofthefireantswillcauseallergicreactionstothepeoplestung.

D^Theywilldisruptthefoodchainbykillingoffotherantsandlargeranimals.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：判断题。其他三个选项都含有一定原文信息，但都是进行了曲解或张

冠李戴，只有答案选项说的是可能给犁地设备造成机械故障符合原文。

23、Thatfireantspreyonbollwormsandbudwormsismentionedtoshowthat

A、pestsoftenattackeachothertomaintainabalanceofnature.

fireantsarenotalwaysharmfulpestsingivensituations.

C、fireantsarcstrongerandfiercerthanbollwormsandbudworms.

D、pestsareeitherharmfulorbeneficialtopeopleorplants.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：目的细节题。例子永远证明观点。本例子前面的观点是文章第二段开

头句：尽管火蚁在某些情况下是害虫，但是在其他条件下也可以是有益的。

24、Whetherfireantsarepestsornotlargelydependsontheir

A、predatoryactivities.

B、temporaldistribution.

C^spreadingspeed.

D、geographicaldistribution.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原因细节题V文章第三段开头句说：火蚁是否是害虫就看在哪里找到

它们，这就是它们的地理分布。

25、Theauthor'stoneintalkingaboutfireantsintheUSseemstobe

A、critical.

B、indifferent.

C、fearful.

D、objective.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。文章列举了火蚁的害处和好处，之后探讨了科学家对火蚁进

行控制的举措。作者并没有明确说出自己的观点，因此是客观的。本文实际是个说

明文，而说明文的态度多数都是客观的。

Ifyousmoke,you'dbetterhurry.FromJuly1stpubsalloverEnglandwill,bylaw,beno­

smokingareas.Sowillrestaurants,officesandevencompanycars,ifmorethanone

personusesthem.England'ssmokersarefollowingawell-troddenpath.Theotherthree

bitsoftheUnitedKingdomhavealreadybannedsmokinginalmostallenclosedpublic

spaces,andthereareanti-smokinglawsofvaryingstrictnessovermostofWestern

Europe.Thesmoker'sjourneyfromglamourthroughtolerationtosuspicionisfinally

reachingitsendinpariahstatus.Butbehindthispublic-healthsuccessstoryliesadarker

tale.Poorerpeoplearcmuchmorelikelytosmokethanricherones—achangefromihe

1950s,whenprofessionalsandlaborerswereequallykeen.Todayonly15%ofmeninthe

highestprofessionalclassessmoke,but42%ofunskinedworkersdo.Despitepunitive

taxation—20cigarettescostaround£5.00($10.00),three-quartersofwhichistax—55%

ofsinglemothersonbenefitssmoke.Thefigureforhomelessmenisevenhigher;for

hard-drugusersitispractically100%.Themessagethatsmokingkillshasbeenheard,it

seems,butnotbyall.Havingdefeatedthebigkillersofthepast—want,exposure,poor

sanitation-governmentsalloverthedevelopedworldareturningtheirattentionto

diseasesthatstemmostlyfromhowindividualschoosetolivetheirlives.Butthesame

deafnessafflictsthesamepeoplewhentheyarestronglyencouragedtogiveupother

sortsofunhealthybehavior.Thelowerdowntheyareonpracticallyanypeckingorder-

jobprestige,income,education,background-themorelikelypeoplearetobefatand

unfit,andtodrinktoomuch.Thattemptsgovernmentstoshouteverlouderinanattempt

togetthepublictolistenandnowheredotheydosomoreaggressivelythaninBritain.

Onereasonisthatpeckingordersmattermorethaninmostotherrichcountries:income

distributionisveryunequalandtheunemployed,disaifecled,ill-educatedrumpis

comparativelylarge.Anotherreasonisthefrustrationofagovernmentaddictedto

targets,whichoftenaimnotonlytoimprovesomethingbuttolesseninequalityinthe

process.AthirdisthattheNationalHealthServiceisfreetopatients,andpayingfor

thosewhohavearguablybroughttheirill-healthonthemselvesgrowsalarminglycostly.

Britain'saggressiveness,however,maybepointless,evencounter-productive.Thereisno

reasontobelievethatthosewhoignoremeasuredvoiceswilllistentoshouting.Itirritates

themajoritywhoarealreadybehavingresponsibly,anditmayalsoundermineall

governmentpronouncementsonhealthbyconvincingpeoplethattheyhaveanultra-

cautiousmarginoferrorbuiltin.Suchhectoringmayalsobemissingtherootcauseof

theproblem.AccordingtoMr.Marmot,whocitesresearchongroupsasdiverseas

baboonsincaptivity,BritishcivilservantsandOscarnominees,thehigherratesofill

healthamongthoseinmoremodestwalksoflifecanbeattributedtowhathecallsthe

"statussyndrome".Peopleinprivilegedpositionsthinktheyarcworththeeffortof

behavinghealthily,andfindthewill-powertodoso.Theimplicationisthatitiseasierto

improveaperson'shealthbyweakeningtheconnectionbetweensocialpositionand

healththanbytargetingbehaviordirectly.Samepublic-healthexpertsspeakofsocial

cohesion,supportforfamiliesandbettereducationforall.Thesearebiggerundertakings

thanabossycampaign;butmoreeffective,andquieter.

26、Theword"pariahn(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto

prohibition.

B、strictness.

C、pardon.

D、punishment.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：含义题。第一段出现最多的近义词群为：no-smoking,anti­

smoking,bansmokingo而最后一句意思应该与这人主题一致。同时，本句中写

到：吸烟者的旅程从荣耀开始，经历了容忍，到了怀疑，最终将以pariah地位终

结。按照程度推测也能看出应该是被禁止的状态。因此，只有prohibilion符合这个

意思。

27、Theauthorseemstobesuspiciousofthepublic-healthsuccessbecause

A、themessagethatsmokingkillsisn'tvoicedloudlyenough.

unskilledworkersaremorewillingtopayfortheheavytaxincigarettes.

CNsinglemothersarcmorelikelytousetheirbenefitstobuycigarettes.

D、thepositiveeffectsareyieldedmostlyonthericherpopulation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原因细节题。文章第二段用大量的数据说明一个事实：穷人比富人更

可能吸烟。而尾句说：吸烟有害的信息好像被听到了，但不是所有人。言外之意就

是富人听到了，而穷人没有听到。也就是说：积极的效果多数都产生在富人身上。

28、Accordingtothetext,whydocsthesamedeafnessafflictthesamepeople?

A、Becausegovernmentsallturnedtheirattentiontothesepeople.

Becausethesepeoplearemorelikelytohaveunhealthybehaviors.

C、Becausethesepeoplesuffermorefromtheirpoorincomeandeducation.

D、Becausegovernmentsalwaysneglecttherealneedsofthesepeople.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：原因细节题。文章第三段开头就提到政府把注意力放在治疗与人们的

生活习惯有关的疾病上。之后提到：当同样的一群人被要求放弃他们其他的不良习

惯时，他们也同样置若罔闻。这就说明这些人更容易有不健康习惯。

29、WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonfbrBritain'saggressivenessinthepublic-

healthcampaign?

A、Thegovernmentisfrustratedincuringsmoking-reateddiseases.

B、Thegovernmentiskeenoneliminatingsocialunfairness.

C、Thefreehealthserviceprovesveryexpensive.

D、Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorisverybig.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：判断题。其他三个选项分别构成对文章第四段3个原因的总结，只有

答案选项是没有提到的内容。干扰项"Thegovernmentisfrustratedincuringsmoking-

rclatcddiseases"最大的迷惑性在于它含有原文的两个词:government和frustrate,

但是后面的信息"curingthesmoking-relateddisease"是没有提到的新信息，故排除。

30、Theauthorseemstobelievethatstatussyndromemaybecured

A、ifthemeasurescanactuallyweakentherelationshipbetweensocialpositionand

health.

B、ifthegovernmentshoutslouderintheircampaignagainstdiseasesresultingfrom

unhealthyhabits.

C、ifthegovernmenthelpspeoplefindastrongerwillpowertogiveuptheirunhealthy

habits.

D、ffthegovernmentundertakesbiggerandmoreeffectiveadcampaignsagainstpoor

education.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：条件细节题。文章最后一段第四句说：这就意味着通过减弱社会地位

和健康之间联系的办法比直接标准行为问题的办法更能改善人的健康。因此，消除

"statussyndrome”的办法就是削弱社会地位和健康之间的关系。比较级出现的地方

是阅读理解容易出题的地方。

Averyimportantworldproblem,ifnotthemostseriousofallthegreatworldproblems

whichaffectusatthemoment,istheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabit

thisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupport

thehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.Inanearlysurvey

conductedin1888,abillionandahalfpeopleinhabitedtheearth.Now,thepopulation

exceedsfivebillionandisgrowingfast—bythestaggeringfigureof90millionin1988

alone.Thismeansthattheworldmustaccommodateanewpopulationroughlyequalto

thatoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaeverythreeyears!Eventhoughtherateofgrowth

hasbeguntoslowdown,mostexpertsbelievethepopulationsizewillstillpasseight

billionduringthenext50years.SowhyisthishugeIncreaseinpopulationtakingplace?

Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeotwhatisbecomingknownas

"DeathControl'1.Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm"BirthControl"—"DeathControl"

issomethingratherdifferent.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswho

nowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthen

incurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatinclude

fanningmethodsandsanitation,aswellasthecontrolofthesedeadlydiseases,wchave

foundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie-creatingapopulationexplosion.Weused

tothinkthatreachingseventyyearsoldwasaremarkableachievement,butnoweightyor

evenninetyisbecomingrecognizedasthenormallife-spanforhumans.Inasense,this

representsatremendousachievementforourspecies.Biologicallythisisthevery

definitionofsuccessandwehaveundoubtedlybecomethedominantanimalonthe

planet.However,thisSuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.Manis

constantlydestroyingtheveryresourceswhichkeephimalive.Heisdestroyingthe

balanceofnaturewhichregulatesclimateandtheatmosphere,producesandmaintains

healthysoils,providesfoodfromtheseas,etc.Inshort,byonlyconsideringourneedsof

today,weareensuringtherewillbenotomorrow.Anunderstandingofman'seffecton

thebalanceofnatureiscrucialtobeabletofindtheappropriateremedialaction.Itisa

verycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlyby

poorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.

Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffect

theyhaveonnature.Developing.countriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironment,butit

isthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasa

whole.Thebirthofababyin,forexample,Japan,imposesmorethanahundredtimesthe

amountofstressontheworld'sresourcesasababyinIndia.MostpeopleinIndiadonot

growuptoowncarsorair-conditioners—nordotheyeatthehugeamountofmeatand

fishthattheJapanesechilddoes.Theirlife-stylesdonotrequirevastquantitiesof

mineralsandenergy.Also,theyareawareoftherequirementsofthelandaroundthem

andtrytoputsomethingbackintonaturetoreplacewhattheytakeout.Forexample,

tropicalforestsareknowntobeessentialtothebalanceofnatureyetwearedestroying

thematanincrediblerate.Theyarebeingclearednottobenefitthenativesofthat

country,buttosatisfytheneedsofrichercountries.CentralAmericanforestsarebeing

destroyedforpasturelandtomakepetfoodintheUnitedStatescheaper;inPapuaNew

Guinea,forestsaredestroyedtosupplycheapercardboardpackagingforJapanese

electronicproducts;inBurmaandThailand,forestshavebeendestroyedtoproducemore

attractivefurnitureinSingaporeandJapan.Therefore,arichpersonlivingthousandsof

milesawaymaycausemoretropicalforestdestructionthanapoorpersonlivinginthe

forestitself.Inshortthen,itiseverybody'sdutytosafeguardthefutureofmankind—not

onlythroughpopulationcontrol,butbybeingmoreawareoftheeffecthisactionshave

onnature.Natureisbothfragileandpowerful.Itisveryeasilydestroyed;ontheother

hand,itcansoeasilydestroyitsmostaggressiveenemy一man.

31、Paragraph2iswritteninthepassage

A、toputforwardtheargumentthatworldpopulationhastobereduced.

togiveabriefhistoryofthegrowthinworldpopulation.

C、toemphasizehowquicklytheworldpopulationisrising.

D、tostresshowlargetheworldpopulationisnow.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：目的细节题。问题是问在文章第二段作者的写作目的是什么。通过分

析此段的篇章和脉络即可知晓答案：在此段的前一部分作者用了一组数字，即把

1888年与1988年的世界人口数量进行对比，接着又说每三年世界人口增长的数量

相当于美国和加拿大人口的总和，而后又引用了专家的预测在今后五十年世界人口

的数量将增至五十亿。由此判断，答案选项便是作者在这一段的写作目的。

32、Buteightyorevenninety...normallife-spanforhumans（paragraph3）isclosetin

meaningto

A、onaverage,peoplenowlivetobeovereighty.

B、weshouldrecognize:hatpeoplenowlivetobetweeneightyandninetyonaverage.

C、nowadaysitisn'tnormalforpeopletodieyoungerthaneighty.

D、averagelifeexpectancyisincreasinglybeingconsideredtobeeightyormore.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：句意猜测题。问题是问在文章中具体句子的具体含义。通过题干部分

的信息可将解题范围定位于文章第三段倒数第四句，而正确理解这一句的关键所在

是作者在之前一个部分的表述，即"Weusedtothinkthatreachingseventyyearsold

wasaremarkableachievement,…"（我们过去常常认为人活到七十岁是极不寻常的事

情）。而这一句中的remarkable和之后一句中的normal构成了一对反义词，但此处

normal一词不应理解为“正常的”而应理解为”不足为奇，又因为此句中的life­

span（寿命）一词与答案选项中的lifeexpectancy构成语义重现。

33、Inparagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasareasonforareductionin

deathrates?

A^Newinventions.

B、Betterhygiene.

C>Improvedfoodproduction.

D^Bettercontroloffataldiseases.

标准答案；A

知识点解析：细节题。解题时可以通过排除法。首先把题干部分的关键词”a

reductionindeathrates”（死亡率的下降）将查找范围定位于第三段第五句。这句话解

释了现今人口死亡率下降的原因，其中的重要因素包括“farmingmethods”（粮食产量

的提高），"sanitation"（卫生条件的改善）以及"thecontrolofthesedeadlydiseases"（对致

命疾病的有效控制）。而在四个选项中，只有选项newinvenlions（新的发明物）在文

章中没有提及。

34、Thewriter'smainpurposeinparagraph6istoarguethat

A、peopleindevelopedcountriesgenerallyhavemoreimpactonnaturethanothers.

JapanesechildrenaregenerallybetterthanchildrenborninIndia.

C、Japanesechildrenconsumetoomuchoftheworld'sresources.

D、peoplefromsomecountriesaremoreselfishthanothersintheirconsumptionof

resources.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：目的细节题。解题时应重点分析段落的某些部分，如某些词汇，句子

结构等。在此段的第一句中作者只是说"J叩an,imposesmorethanahundredtimes

theamountofstressontheworld'sresourcesasababyinIndia"（日本的孩子所消耗了

资源其对自然资源所产生的压力是印度孩子的一百多倍），而句中的stress和答案

选项中的impact构成语义重现，再者选项peopleindevelopedcountriesgenerally

havemoreimpactonnaturethanothers（发达国家的人在对自然影响方面比起其他国

家的人要大得多）的表述也与此句类似，因此是正确答案。

35、Whichofthefollowingrecommendationsmighthemadehytheauthor?

A、Increasingfoodandindustrialproduction,andencouragingpeopleinundeveloped

countriestohavefewerchildren.

B、Improvingeducationabouttheenvironmentandbanningtheexportofwoodproducts

frompoortorichcountries.

C、Encouragingpeopleworldwidetohavefewerchildrenandtobehaveinamore

responsiblewaytowardsnature.

D、Restrictingpopulationworldwideandincreasingtheuseofnonrenewableresources.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：态度题。阅读文章的首段可以通过"theincreasingnumberof

people”但益增长的人口）和“landandlandresources”（土地和土地资源）发现在这篇文

章里实际出现了两个重要对象：人口和自然。这一点也可以在文章末段的

“mankind"，“population"和"nature”得到验证,因此证明作者在本文中实际要探讨人

口增长和自然之间的关系。尤其在文章末段第一句说“每个人都有保卫人类未夹的

责任一不仅通过人口的控制，还有考虑人类日益对自然所产生的影响”，更是验证

了这一点。因此作者可能在文中提出的建议应对人口和自然都有所涉及。而只有选

项encouragingpeopleworldwidetohavefewerchildrenandtobehaveinamore

responsiblewaytowardsnature（在世界范围内鼓励人们少生优生并对自然持一种负责

任的态度）同时出现了人口和自然两个关键词，而且表达的意思也与文章最后一段

表达一致。

Itishardtoboxagainstasouthpaw,asApolloCreedfoundoutwhenhefoughtRocky

Balboainthefirstofaninterminableseriesofmovies.While"Rocky"isfiction,the

strategicadvantageofbeingleft-handedinafightisveryreal,simplybecausemostright-

handedpeoplehavelittleexperienceoffightingleft-handers,butnotviceversa.Andthe

samecompetitiveadvantageisenjoyedbyleft-handersinothersports,suchastennisand

cricket.Theorthodoxviewofhumanhandednessisthatitisconnectedtothebilateral

specializationofthebrainthathasconcentratedlanguage-processingfunctionsontheleft

sideofthatorgan.Because,longagointheevolutionaiypast,anancestorofhumans(and

allothervertebrateanimals)underwentacontortionthattwisteditsheadaround180

relativetoitsbody,theleftsideofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebody,andvice

versa.Inhumans,theleftbrain(andthustherightbody)isusuallydominant.Andon

average,lefthandersaresmallerandlighterthanright-handers.Thatshouldputthemat

anevolutionarydisadvantage.Sportingadvantagenotwithstanding,therefore,the

existenceofleft-handednessposesaproblemforbiologists.ButCharlotteFaurieand

MichelRaymond,oftheUniversityofMontpellierU,inFrance,thinktheyknowthe

answer.AstheyreportintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,thereisaclueinthe

advantageseeninboxing.Asanyschoolboycouldtellyou,winningfightsenhancesyour

status.If,inprehistory,thistranslatedintoincreasedreproductivesuccess,itmighthave

beenenoughtomaintainacertainproportionofleft-handersinthepopulation,by

balancingthecostsofbeingleft-handedwiththeadvantagesgainedinfighting.Ifthatis

true,thentherewillbeahigherproportionofleft-handersinsocietieswithhigherlevels

ofviolence,sincetheadvantagesofbeingleft-handedwillbeenhancedinsuchsocieties.

Dr.FaurieandDr.Raymondsetouttotestthishypothesis.Fightinginmodernsocieties

ofteninvolvestheuseoftechnology,notablyfirearms,thatisunlikelytogiveany

advantag