高密度聚落与建筑专题专家评审汇报

1INNOVATIVESPATIALFORMSANDARCHITECTURESFORHIGH-DENSITYSETTLEMENTSINSHANTOU,ANDSETTLEMENTSINCHAONANDISTRICT，SHANTOU,CHINA

某省市高密度聚落空间形态及建筑创新设计研究框架JOINT-RESEARCHAGREEMENTof2013.01.012014.03.28

MOSCOW20142研究的缘起汕头人多地少的现状以及因此造成的生活空间拥挤，生活环境不高（城中村）某省市风貌，景观，某省市吸引力如何解决？答案可能有很多，降低密度？还是反其道而行之？将高密度进行到底34HELIOTECTUREGENERALURBANPRINCIPLESHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersI5MANNEEDSNATUREANDSOCIETY

6SilenceofSolitudeContemplationJoyofCreativeIntercourseNATUREANDHISTORYLABORHOMESOCIETYCONNECTION?ORDIVISIONCONSTRUCTIONOFFREESPACESOVEINGOFSTEREOTYPES78DWELLINGINTHE3-DCITY–THEBOUNDARYBETWEENNATUREANDSOCIETYTheflatcityframeworkimpliesthatapersonhastomutedailyfromzoneofonetype,formedbybuildingofthattype,toazoneofadifferenttypewithdifferentbuildingsinit.从土里使用的混合到所有功能复合在同一个建筑体内.SilenceofSolitudeContemplationJoyofCreativemunicationNATUREdwellingSOCIETYTHEBorder:divisionandconnectionECOLOGICALREURBANIZATIONEXTENSIVEHYPERURBANIZATION10Unutilizedresources:RoofsGroundUnderground11MultiplicationofurbansurfacesisawaytodealwithovercrowdingsSPACIOUSCITYIncreasedspaceprovisionsMissionofurbanizationisadequacyinspaceproductionfordifferentrequirements

14究竟什么是Heliotecture?Helio

-thesun-therootcauseoflifeonEarth,thebasisofalltheclimaticandbiologicalprocessesoftheplanet.Heliotectureisarchitectureofsuperhighdensityandamethodofcreatingaharmoniousnaturalandanthropogenicecosysteminwhichthesuntakesitsrightfulcentralplace,andthepersonfeelsmostfortable.Whileonecouldargueastowhatlandscapeismorepreferable,countrysideorcity,orwhat'stheoptimalbuildingheightforfort,butregardlessofourpreferences,constructiondensityisontheriseacrossallthemajorcitiesintheworld.Heliotecturehelpstoaddressandsolvesuchproblemsbydeployingmoderntechnologies.Heliotectureisbasedonthemethodforforminghyper-denseandsuperfortablecitybyutilizingmoreeffectiveuseofdirectanddispersesunlight.Italsodeploysthenaturalviewspotentialandeffectiveuseoftheentireplexofterritorialandnaturalclimateresources.15Heliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersHELIOTECTURE5LIGHTINGPRINCIPLESII16HELIOTECTUREFIVEPRINCIPALSOFLIGHT:SECTIONCONTENTS1.Thefirstheliotectureprincipaloflight:formationofvisual,lightandinsolationchanels2.Secondheliotecturelightprincipal:lightzoning3.Thirdprincipleofheliotecturelightuse:theuseoflightconductorsfordirectanddefusedsunlight4.Fourthlightprincipleofheliotecture:usingopticaladjustors5.Fifthlightprincipleofheliotecture:solartransformers17THEFIRSTHELIOTECTUREPRINCIPALOFLIGHT:FORMATIONOFVISUAL,LIGHTANDINSOLATIONCHANELSVisualindoorfortdependsonthreemainfactors:-intensitylevelofdisperseddaylight;-amountofdirectsunlight;presentsofscenicviews.Childrenroomsneedgoodinsolation.Studyroomsneedstrongdispersedlight.Forthelivingroomsscenicviewsarepreferred,evennighttimeview.Bedrooms,inadditiontothelistedfactors,alsoneedtobepreventedfromoutsideobservation.Asinglelightchannelcanprovidesunlightandexternalviewtoalargenumberofrooms.Withthiswindowsinthoseroomshetofacetheoutsideenvironment,whichwillprotectthoseroomsfrommutualobservation.Lightchannelsthatpassthroughtheentirestructureofthe3-Dcitycreateavisuallinkofallroomsintheplexwiththeoutsideenvironment,dependingonwhat'sneededineachofthoserooms,lightorviews.1FORMATIONOFVISUAL,LIGHTINGANDINSOLATIONCHANNELS119SECONDHELIOTECTURELIGHTPRINCIPAL:LIGHTZONINGUtilityroomsandparkingneedlesslight,thereforit'sreasonabletoplacethematthelowerleveloftheplex,atthemaximumdistancefromthelightfrontier.Alimitedamountofsunlightcanbeusedtoorganizeinternaldriveways.Minimalamountofsunlightisneededformovieandconcerthalls,aswellasforshoppingmalls.Somewhatgreateramountoflightisrequiredforofficeandindustrialareas.However,directsunlightisundesired…….Inrestaurantsdirectsunlightisnotnecessary,butscenicviewsarestronglypreferred.Ahigherqualitylightisneededforlivingareas,asitimproveshygienicqualityofthoseunits.Yetahigherqualityisneededforhousesoccupiedwithbigfamilieswithchildren.Heretheentireplexofvisuallinkagewiththeoutsidespaceisneeded,startingfromtheremotescenicviewsthenbringingbrightnaturallightintostudyroomsandsufficientlylonginsolationofchildrenplayrooms.220LIGHTZONINGLevelofsungenerators&reflectorsLevelofgreenrecreationLevelofapartmentsLevelofaffordablehousingLevelofofficesLevelofworkshopsLevelofshops

Leveloftransport&store

221THIRDPRINCIPLEOFHELIOTECTURELIGHTUSE:THEUSEOFLIGHTCONDUCTORSFORDIRECTANDDEFUSEDSUNLIGHTOneofthemosteffectivewaystotransfersunlightoveralongdistanceistheuseoflightconductors.Thetechnologyoflight-sunlightuseiswelldevelopedbypaniesSolarTubeandSolarSpot.Small-diameterpipesareusedwithinnersurfacecoveredwithmirror-likereflectivefilm.Thatfilm'sreflectivityrateisover99%.Solarhubsarelocatedontheroof,heirfunctionistoconsolidatetheflowofsunlightandtodirectitfurtherdownthepipe.Light-diffusersarelocatedinsidethepipes.Anyspacegapsbetweenbuildingsorwithinbuildingscanfunctionaslightconductors,providedthattheirinnersurfacesheproperreflectivequalities.322NATURAL&SUNLIGHTCONDUCTORS1reflection2reflection3reflection4reflection5reflection1reflection2reflection3reflection4reflection5reflection323FOURTHLIGHTPRINCIPLEOFHELIOTECTURE:USINGOPTICALADJUSTORSThenarrowerthelightchannelis,themoreefficientistheuseofurbanspace.It’snotnecessarilytoturntheentirestructureofawindowaperturetowardstheopenspace.Youonlyhetodeploya"view"options,redirectingitinthedesireddirection.Forthispurposetheopticaladjustersareused.

424OPTICALADJUSTORS425Opticaladjustors&soundabsorbersspacingtransformationinthelightconductors26FIFTHLIGHTPRINCIPLEOFHELIOTECTURE:SOLARTRANSFORMERS（使用太阳能光伏板）

Inordertooptimizetheuseofcityspace,proportionofsolartubesenteringtheoutersurfaceshouldbeminimal.Accordingly,thesurfaceofthe3-dcityinexcessofsunlight,forexample,inthetropicsandsub-tropics,includingShantou,mayrequireprotectionfromhyper-insolation527meridionalsectionlatitudinal

section5solar

separator28Insolationinwinter429HyperinsolationinSummer30SUNANDHYPERDENSITY531DONGLIBRIDGEHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersIII32Heliotecture

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SitePlan33Heliotecture

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eragePlanScheme34Heliotecture

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Schemeofthesight35Heliotecture

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Schemeofthesight36Heliotecture

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eragePlanScheme37Heliotecture

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38Heliotecture

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39Heliotecture

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40Heliotecture

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41Heliotecture

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42Heliotecture

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43Heliotecture

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44Heliotecture

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45Heliotecture

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46Heliotecture

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KEYINDICATORSDescriptionAreaSiteareaashore220

000m2Built-uparea220

000

m2Residentialspace1000

000m2Apartments“OverWater”300000m2Apartments"FlowerTerraces"300000m2Housingestate"Dongli'sDragons"300000m2Affordablehousing100000m2Offices200000m2Greenarea100000m2Recreationareaandsports100000m2Shoppingcenter100000

m2Parking400000m2Utilityandstorage100000m2Totalusefularea2000000

m247Heliotecture

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Totalusefularealivingspaceofficessidewalks,greenspacesrecreationspaces,sportsshoppingcenterutilityandstoragedrivewaysandparkingм

248CHAONANHYPERDENSITYRURALDWELLINGSHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersVI49ExistingRuralDwellings,SomeExamplesChaonanterritory&exampleofexistingdwellings5024Dwellings,300m2

Each70%reductioninthelanduseMultistoryStructure51Multi-Story10x10mSingleStory18x18mLivingRoomAndDiningRoomLevelParkingLevelUtilityAndStorageRoomsLevelGrandparentsAndChildrenRoomsLevelMasterBedroomLevelAtriumLevelFunctionalAnatomyofaHouseHeliotecture

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52DrivewayandParkingSchemesattheGroundLevelHeliotecture

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53ResidentialFloorPlansHeliotecture

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54AtriumNaturalVentilationSchemeHeliotecture

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55NaturalVentilationSchemeHeliotecture

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56

GroundLevelNaturalVentilationSchemeHeliotecture

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57MirrorsasanElement

ofNaturalLightingHeliotecture

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58AxonometricCrossSectionHeliotecture

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PhotovoltaicSolarPanelsMirrorAtrium,LivingRoomAndDiningRoomLevelGrandparentsAndChildrenRoomsLevelMasterBedroomLevel59Axonometric

CrossSectionHeliotecture

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DrivewayAndParkingLevelUtilityAndStorageRoomsLevel60parisonofTwoTypesofUrbanFabricHeliotecture

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24houses70houses61Heliotecture

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parisonofTwoTypesofBuildings

TraditionalbuildingsMultistoryatriumbuildingsSitearea

324m2100m2Built-uparea200m2100m2Livingspace120m2160m2Openterracesandindoorgardens45m2

60m2Parking

-35m2Driveways-40m2Utilityandstoragerooms70m290m2Totalusefularea235m2345m2parisonofTwoTypesofBuildings62Heliotecture

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51%30%19%19%23%16%TotalusefulareaTotalusefularealivingspaceOpenterraces,indoorgardensutilityandstoragedrivewaysandparking42%м2Sitearea320м2Sitearea100м2SìhéyuànMultistoryStructure63XIASHANMARKETSITEHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersIV64ExistingmarketstreetsXiashan65environmentalrestructuringGreenfortableMultifunctionalSpaciousHeliotecture

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66Heliotecture

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mercialareaResidentialarea67Heliotecture

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LongitudinalSectiononanAtriummerciallevelParkingandstorageRecreationAreaRoofgardenAtrium68Heliotecture

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MarketopenspaceParkingandstorageRoofgardenAtriumGreenfootstreetRoofgardenAtriumGreenfootstreetRoofgardenAtriumGreenfootstreetRoofgardenAtriumNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorMarketopenspaceParkingandstorageSectionGreenfootstreet69Heliotecture

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VentilationSchemeMarketopenspaceParkingandstorageRecreationAreaRoofgardenAtrium70ResidentialpartofplexHeliotecture

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71Heliotecture

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ViewTrajectoriesmirrorsurfacemirrorsurfacemirrorsurfacemirrorsurfacemirrorsurfacemirrorsurface72Heliotecture

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SoundIsolationSoundabsorberSoundabsorberSoundabsorberSoundabsorberSoundsourceSoundsource73Heliotecture

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InsolationschemeDirectionsofsummersunlightingDirectionsofwintersunlighting74Heliotecture

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VentilationSchemeTheprevailingdirectionofawindAtriumnaturalventilationAtriumnaturalventilation75SchemeofusingofmirrorsandgreenplantsassoundabsorberHeliotecture

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76Heliotecture

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Useofplants77Heliotecture

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OrientationScheme78Heliotecture

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InsolationSchemeofMarketSpaceAerationSchemeofMarketSpaceMarketopenspaceParkingandstorageMarketopenspaceParkingandstorageNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorNaturallightconductorSection79Heliotecture

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mercialspaceParkingandstorageResidentialfloorsPromenadeRoofgarden80Heliotecture

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KEYINDICATORS

FunctionalelementsofaplexAreaSitearea8500m2Built-uparea8500

m2Livingspace14500m2Promenade

androofgardens10500m2mercialarea8000

m2Parking6500m2Utilityandstoragerooms500m2Totalusefularea40000

m281Heliotecture

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Totalusefularealivingspaceofficessidewalks,greenspacesrecreationspaces,sportsShoppingcenterutilityandstorageparkingм

2XIASHANMARKETSITESitearea8500m282URBANVILLAGECHENCUOHEHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersV83Solutions:EnhancingspaceefficienciesResourceprehensionsReductionsofunproductiveflowsProblems:SpaceshortagesDisturbinglivingconditions

84Heliotecture

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SitePlan85UrbanexpansionUnplannedmophologies86Heliotecture

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87Spaceshortage88Spaceminimization89Overcrowdings9091LIGHTZONINGLevelofsungenerators&reflectorsLevelofgreenrecreationLevelofapartmentsLevelofofficesLevelofworkshopsLevelofshopsLeveloftransport&storeLevelofaffordablehousingLevelofgreenrecreation9293Heliotecture

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Exampleofreconstruction

94Heliotecture

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Resultofreconstruction

95Heliotecture

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FragmentOfExistingbuildings

96Heliotecture

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1step.FoundationsandSteelSkeleton

97Heliotecture

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2step.Newfloors

98Heliotecture

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3step.ReflectingwallswithOpticaladjustors

99Heliotecture

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4step.Hangingupexistingfloorswithsteelropesanddeletingconstructionsongroundlevel

100Heliotecture

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5step.BuildingupThesameConstructionsNearby

101Heliotecture

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6step.Deletingexistingconstructionson

groundlevelandbuildingupInstallations102Heliotecture

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7step.BuildingupgreenPedestrianlevel103Heliotecture

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7step.Landscapedesign104Heliotecture

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parisonofTwoTypesofBuildings

ExistingbuildingsAfterreconstructionNotetonew

constructionSitearea

13194m213194m2Built-uparea8000

m28300m2Volumeofbuildings101

170m3372000m3eragenumberofstoreys4storeys16storeysLivingspace23000m282000m2

At6–16floorsOffices2000m2

15000m2

At4&5floorsWorkshops&shops5000m2

10000m2

At1,2&3floorsSidewalks,

Greenspaces

androofgardens________16000m2

OverDrivewaysandontheroof

ParkingandDriveways3000m27000

m2OnthegroundlevelUtilityandstoragerooms4000m210000

m2At1,2&3floorsTotalusefularea(withearthlevel)37000m2140000m2parisonofTwoTypesofBuildings105Heliotecture

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77%5%5%1%6%6%5%6%4%9%11%TotalusefulareaTotalusefularealivingspaceofficessidewalks,greenspacesrecreationspaces,sportsworkshops,shopsutilityandstoragedrivewaysandparking7%58%м

2IncreasedspaceprovisionsshortagesofsocialfunctionExistingbuildingsAfterreconstruction106CENTRALSITEHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersVIICENTRALSITE“THEWE”PLEX107Heliotecture

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SitePlan108Heliotecture

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109SUNANDHYPERDENSITY110Heliotecture

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SectionScheme111Heliotecture

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erageFlorePlanScheme112Heliotecture

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SchemeofmunicationsandLighting113Heliotecture

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114Heliotecture

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115Heliotecture

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116Heliotecture

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117Heliotecture

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THEWEKEYINDICATORSFunctionalelementsofaplex“THEWE”AreaSitearea31500m2Built-uparea31500

m2Livingspace270000m2Offices10000m2Greenterritory40000m2Recreationareaandsports50000m2Shoppingcenter30000

m2Parking75000m2Utilityandstorage15000m2Totalusefularea490000

m2118Heliotecture

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Totalusefularealivingspaceofficessidewalks,greenspacesrecreationspaces,sportsShoppingcenterutilityandstorageparkingм

2THEWESitearea31500m2119Heliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersVIIICOASTALAREA120121Heliotecture

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SitePlan122URBANSPACEANALYSIS123VISUALBARRIERDOESN'TDEPENDONTHESIZEOFTHEBUILDINGFOOTPRINT124URBANWATERFRONTIERS

125126POSSIBILITIESOFTHEORGANIZATIONOFAVIEWOFTHESEAATDIFFERENTTYPESOFBUILDING127VISUALCHANNELSONTHESCALEOFTHECITY128Flyingheliocluster129130131HELIOCLUSTERlightzoninGGardensandanaquaparkonaroofapartmentswithopenterracesSportscenterOfficeroomsTransportandparkingstradeandculturalcenter132133SMOOTHSURFACEOFAFACADE–ANELEMENTOFTHEOPTICALCONDUCTORHeliotecturelaboratory

SergeyNepomnyashy&partnersAnalogoftheblockwithterraceapartmentsHELIOCLUSTER“POLAROASIS”134ANALOGOFAPARTMENTSWITHTHETERRACESLOOKINGATTHESEA135ANALOGOFAPARTMENTSWITHGARDENSONTERRACES136Thesitearea- 8,8hectaresThebuilt-upareaofaplex- 5,5hectaresTheterritoryofpublicgardeningintheearthlevel(terraces)- 3,3hectaresApartments(withoutopenterraces) 750

000m2Openterracesatapartments 200

000m2Recreationspaces(floorstreetsgreengallerieswithatriums) 200

000m2

-Totalresidentialpartofthecluster 1150000m2Gyms-125

000Offices-150

000Thepublicentertainingandculturalcenteronthequay- 150

000m2Parking- 170

000m2Technicalrooms 80000m2Gardensandentertainingzonewithroomsandanaquaparkonaroof- 70

000m2

TOTALAMOUNTOFUSEFULAIRCONDITIONEDANDOPENSPACES1870

000

m2KEYINDICATORS

MODERNQUARTERSHELIOCLUSTERURBANVILLAGEhouse1000009000080000700006000050000400003000020000100000gardeninggardeninggardeningofficeofficeofficerecreationrecreationrecreationtransporttransporttransportserviceshousehouseSPACEDISTRIBUTIONPATTERNSservicesservices138139HELIOTECTURE

EXPERIMENTALPROJECTSHe