【单元精练】2022-2023学年上学期高一英语期中考试-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

2022-2023学年上学期高一英语期中考试（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共30分，略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJanetGuthrieandDanicaPatrick,firstfemaleIndycompetitorandwinnerNocomplaintsaboutwomandrivers.JanetGuthrie,anspaceengineerwhowastrainingtobeanastronaut,turnedtocarracingwhenshewascutfromthespaceprogramfornothavingcompletedherdoctorsdegree.In1977,GuthriebecamethefirstfemaleIndy500competitor.Shedidn’ttakethelead,butDanicaPatrickdid.In2005andin2008,PatrickbecamethefirstwomanevertowinanIndyCarSeries.RaymondedeLaroche,firstfemalelicensedpilotAformeractresswho'dbeenbornEliseRaymondeDerocheinParisin1882,RaymondedeLarochewasinspiredtotakeupflyingafterseeingtheWrightBrothersflightdemonstrationsin1907inFrance.Thoughshewasn’tthefirstfemalepilot,deLarochewasthefirstwomantoearnapilot’slicensein1910.GertrudeEderle,firstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannelOnAugust6.1926.GertrudeCarolineEderlebecamethefirstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Ederle,wholivedtobe98anddiedin2003,wasalsoanOlympicswimchampionandfive-timeworldrecord-holderinfiveswimmingeventsKathrineSwitzer,NinaKuscikandJoanBenoit,firstmajorfemalemarathoners.In1967,20-year-oldKathrineSwitzerbecamethefirstwomantorunintheBostonMarathon,eventhoughraceofficialshadtriedtostopher.NinaKuscikbecamethefirstwomantoofficiallywintheBostonMarathon,1972.In1984,AmericanJoanBenoitbecamethefirstwinneroftheWomen’sOlympicMarathon,finishing400metersaheadofNorway'sGreteWaitz1．WhywasJanetGuthrieforbiddentotakeupspaceprogram?A．Sheusedtobeawomandriver.B．Sheshowedinterestedincarracing.C．Shewasemployedasanengineer.D．Shedidn'tgaindoctorsdegree.2．WhatmadeRaymondedeLarochedecidetobecomeapilot?A．Herexperienceasanactress.B．HersettlementinParis.C．WrightBrothersinfluence.D．WrightBrothersdialogues.3．What'sthesimilaritybetweenGertrudeEderleandKathrineSwitzer?A．Theywereathletic B．Theylivedalonglife.C．Theyhadahigherfame. D．Theywerelookeddownupon.BEverybodyhatesrats.Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld-Japan,LosAngeles,Turkey-ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat’sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmelledthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.ChristianLinsteratCornellUniversity,NewYork,says,“Robots’nosesdon’tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.”Ratscanalsoseeinthedark.Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon’tneedelectricity!The“ratproject”isnotfinished,butJulieRyanofInternationalRescueCorpsinScotlandsays,“Itwouldbefantastic.Aratcouldgetintospaceswecouldn’tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn’tsafe.”Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).4．Intheworldearthquakecapitals,ratswillbecomepopularbecausetheycan.A．getintosmallspacesB．taketheplaceofman’srescuejobsC．findfoodforsurvivorstrappedinbuildingsD．findthepositionofsurvivorstrappedinbuildings5．Fromthethirdparagraphweknowrescuerscanjudgeapersonisaliveby.A．thenoisemadebytherat B．therat’sunusualbehaviourC．thesignalsentbytheradioontherat D．thesmellgivenoffbythepersontrapped6．Afterreadingthepassageweknowthatnow.A．peoplestillusedogsandrobotsinrescueworkB．the“ratproject”hasbeencompletedalreadyC．ratshavereplaceddogsinsearchingforpeopleD．peoplearehappytoseearatinabuilding7．Themainideaofthepassageisabout_______inanearthquake.A．dosanddon’ts B．theroleratswillplayC．waysofrescuingpeople D．thereasonfornotusingdogsCForseveralmonths,CarahasbeenworkingupthecouragetotalktohermomaboutwhatshesawonInstagram.Notlongago,the11-year-oldgirldiscoveredthathermomhadbeenpostingherphotosformuchofherlife.“It’sstrangetoseemyselfupthere,andsometimestherearepicturesIdon’tlikeofmyself,”shesaid.Likemostothermodernkids,Caragrewupundertheinfluenceofsocialmedia.Facebook,Twitter,andYouTubewereallfoundedbeforeshewasborn.Instagramhasexistedsinceshewasatoddler.Althoughmanykidsmaynotyethaveaccounts(账户)themselves,theirparents,schools,sportsteamshavebeenorganizinganonlineoneforthemsincebirth.Itisashocktoknowthatdetailsabouttheirliveshavebeensharedonlinewithouttheirpermissionorknowledge.Andthishasbecomeacommonexperienceformanyteenagers.Recentlyaparentingblogger(博主)saidthatdespiteher14-year-olddaughter’shorroratdiscoveringthathermotherhadsharedyearsofhighlypersonalinformationaboutheronline,shesimplycouldnotstopdoingit.Butit’snotjustcrazymommybloggerswhosharetheirchildren’sinformationonsocialmedia.Plentyofaverageparentsdothesame.There’sevenaspecialwordforit:sharenting.Almostaquarterofchildrenbegintheirdigitalliveswhenparentsuploadtheirprenatalsonogramscans(产前超声波扫描)totheInternet,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheInternet-securitycompanyAVG.Thestudyalsofoundthat92percentofkidsundertheageof2alreadyhavetheirownuniqueonlineidentity(身份).8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toddler”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Teenagegirl. B．Veryyoungchild.C．Elementaryschoolstudent. D．Highschoolstudent.9．What’sCara’sattitudetowardshermom’sposting?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.C．Negative. D．Uninteresting.10．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．AVGisthenameofanInternetcompany.B．About25%ofchildrenbegintheirdigitallivesbeforetheyareborn.C．Fathersdon’tliketosharetheirkids’informationonsocialmedia.D．Averageparentscreatedtheword“sharenting”ontheInternetrecently.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthearticle?A．GrowingupontheInternet B．ANewWordBornC．ParentsLostinBlogging D．TheChildren’sHorrorDWhileelephantsbornwithouttusks(长牙)arenotunheardof，theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthepopulation.However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique’sGorongosaNationalPark,whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry’scivilwarendedin1992aretuskless.Whilethatmayappeartobejustacoincidence,JoycePoole,anelephantbehaviorexpert,hasanothertheory.Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory.Poolesaysbeforethecountry’s15-year-longcivilwar,the100,000-acreparkwashometoover4,000elephants.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytohelpfinanceweapons(武器)andmeattofeedthesoldiers.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatthepark’stusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambia’sSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea，areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephants25yearsorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2008studypublishedfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989,largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivory.TherecentbanonivoryinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales,tochangethetrend.12．WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?A．Illegalhunting. B．Constantfarming.C．Apurecoincidence. D．Naturalevolution.13．WhydidpeoplekillsomanyelephantsduringthecivilwarinMozambique?A．Togetfundsbysellingivory.B．Todevelopnewweapons.C．Toprovidefoodforlocalpeople.D．Tomakeivoryproducts.14．Whichofthefollowinghadtheearliestrecordontusklesselephants?A．GorongonsaNationalPark.B．SouthLuangwaNationalPark.C．TheRuahaNationalPark.D．LupandeGameManagementArea.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thetrend”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Elephantsfacinggreaterdanger.B．Elephantsgrowingmoreslowly.C．Fewerfemaleelephantsstayingalive.D．Morefemaleelephantsbeingtuskless.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itcanbetrulyfrighteningtofallthroughiceonafrozen(结冰的)lake.____16____Infact,thereismoretimetohelpyousurvivethanyouthink.Asyoufirsthitthefreezingwater,youwillalmostbreathe(呼吸)quicklyatonce.Remembertogetcontrolofyourbreathingandnottomovearound.____17____Thismeansthatittakesaboutoneminutetogaincontrolofyourbreathing,andtenminutestomovebeforeyougettoocold.Thefinaloneistoremindyouthatitwilltakeonehourbeforeyoubecomeunconscious(失去知觉的).Takethatfirstminuteandfullyfocusonyourbreathing.Slowitdown,andthenlookaroundtoseeifyoucanfindthethickestareaofice.Whenyoufindtheice,spreadoutyourarmsoverthesurface,andthenbegintoflutter-kick(上下打水)untilyourbodyreachesthesamelevelofthesurface.____18____Itispossiblethatyoucanliveforseveralhoursafterpassingout.This,however,doesrequiresomeplanning.Youonlyhaveabout10minutesbeforeyourbodybecomestoocoldtodoanything.Besides,whatifyoufeeltooweaktogoonandyoucannotgetout?____19____Thepointistotrytofreezeyourcoattotheice,sothatifyouloseconsciousness,youwillkeepyourheadoutofice.____20____A．Thus,youwillremainvisible,waitforsomeonetocome,evenifyoupassout.B．However,ifyouremaincalm,itcansaveyourlife.C．Placeyourarmsoverthesurfaceoftheiceandremainstill.D．Takeoffanyclothingoranythingthatmakesyouheavy.E．Rememberthatyoushouldalwaysstayofficethat’sonly8cm.F．Kickhardanduseyourarmsandhandstoclimboutofthewater.G．Itcanhelptorememberthe“1-10-lrule”.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sixdaysaweek,mygrandfatherbroughtmailtopeople.Aged68,heretired,buthenever____21____servingthecommunity.Onhis80thbirthday,Isenthima(n)____22____suggestingitwastimeforhimto____23____andtakethingseasy.“Thankyouforyournicewords,”hewroteinhisletterback,“butslowingdown____24____me.Lifeisn’thavingitmade____25____,it’sgettingitmade.”“Thehappiestyearsofourliveswerenotwhenwehad____26____intoacomfortablehome.No.Igobackyearsago,whenwelivedinathree-roomhouse,whenwegotupbefore____27____andworkedtillafterdarktomakeends____28____.WhatIstillcan’tfigureoutiswhyInevergot____29____,neverfeltbetterinmylife.Iguesstheansweris,wewerefightingfor____30____,andprovidingforthoseweloved.What____31____arenotthegreatmoments,butthewaiting,andeventhedefeats.It’sthe____32____,notthearrival,thatcounts.”Theletterendedwitharequest:“Boy,onmynextbirthday,justtellmetowakeupandgetgoing,becauseIwillhaveoneless____33____todothings—andtherearetenmillionthingstodo.”ChristinaRossettioncesaid:“Doestheroadwinduphillalltheway?Yes,tothe____34____end.”Today,at96,mygrandfatherisstillonthatlongroad,____35____.21．A．stopped B．enjoyed C．finished D．considered22．A．gift B．note C．invitation D．letter23．A．slowdown B．calmdown C．catchup D．giveup24．A．confuses B．scares C．changes D．attacks25．A．still B．obviously C．instead D．sadly26．A．lain B．fallen C．moved D．gone27．A．daylight B．breakfast C．school D．noon28．A．fail B．follow C．meet D．stand29．A．tired B．hungry C．warm D．annoyed30．A．freedom B．survival C．health D．riches31．A．forms B．tells C．matters D．hurts32．A．design B．experiment C．style D．journey33．A．day B．week C．month D．year34．A．extra B．very C．frightening D．advanced35．A．thinking B．smiling C．giving D．climbing第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Iwokeupthismorningexcited____36____nervousastodaywasthedayIwouldbeginmyjourneyofseniorhighschool.Thousandsofthoughtsrushedthroughmymind.“Whatmayhappen____37____me?”Icouldn’tevenenjoythebigbreakfastmymumhadmadeforme.SeeingIwas____38____(extreme)nervous,mymumtoldmeIwouldbefineifIfollowedtheschool____39____

(rule).SoIsmiledandhopedforthebestpossibleoutcome.Thebusrideseemedsolong,butsoonenoughthereIwas.Istoodoutsideoftheschoolbuilding.Itseemedabitbiggerthan____40____Ihadimagined,andIwentinside.AssoonasIopenedtheclassroomdoor,allI____41____(see)wereotherkids.Theyalllookedupsetandworriesspreadovereveryone’sface.ThenIknewIwasnottheonlyonefeelingthisway.Ispenttherestofthedayonthe____42____(explore)ofwhateverythingwaslike.Theworriedfacesdisappearedastimewenton.Wegottoknow____43____(we)teachersabitmore.Theywereneitherunfriendly____44____strict.BeforeIknewit,thedaywasover.Seniorhighschoolmayseem____45____(frighten),butit’sjustlikejuniorhigh.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，请你给你的新西兰朋友Tom写一封信，内容包括：1.讲述英语学习的困难；2.请教英语学习的方法。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearTom,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.HedecidedtotakemeonatriptotheWildWest.WetookaplanetoAlbuquerque,abigcityinthestateofNewMexico.WereachedAlbuquerqueinthelateafternoon.UnclePaul,mydad’sfriend,pickedusupfromtheairportanddroveusuptohisfarminPecos.HiswifeTinacookedusadeliciousdinnerandwegottoknowhissonsRyanandKyle.MydadandIspentthenightintheguestroomofthefarmhouselisteningtothefrogsandwaterrollingdowntherivernearby.Veryearlyinthemorning,UnclePaulwokeusuptohavebreakfast.“Thedaystartsatdawnonmyfarm,”hesaid.Afterbreakfast,IwenttohelpAuntTinafeedthechickens,whilemydadwentwithUnclePaultotakethesheepouttograze(吃草).IwasimpressedtoseemydadandUnclePaulridinghorses.Theylookedreallycool.Intheafternoon,IaskedUnclePaulifIcouldtakeahoseride,andhesaidyes,aslongasmydadwentwithme.Iwasn’tgoingtotakeahorseridebymyselfanyway.So,mydadandIputonournewcowboyhats,gotonourhorses,andheadedslowlytowardsthemountains.“Don’tbelateforsupper,”UnclePaulcried,“andkeeptothetracksothatyoudon’tgetlost!”“OK!”mydadcriedback.AfterawhileUnclePaulandhisfarmhousewereoutofsight.Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(编织的)blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；Paragraph1：Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．D2．C3．A【分析】本文是人物类短文，介绍了四位伟大女性，Patrick成为第一个赢得印第系列汽车冠军的女性；德·拉罗什是1910年获得飞行员执照的第一位女性；格特鲁德·卡洛琳·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性；1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(KathrineSwitzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。1．细节理解题。根据第一段JanetGuthrie,anspaceengineerwhowastrainingtobeanastronaut,turnedtocarracingwhenshewascutfromthespaceprogramfornothavingcompletedherdoctorsdegree.可知，珍妮特·格思里(JanetGuthrie)是一名太空工程师，曾受训成为一名宇航员。由于没有完成博士学位，她被取消了太空项目的资格。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据RaymondedeLarochewasinspiredtotakeupflyingafterseeingtheWrightBrothersflightdemonstrationsin1907inFrance.可知，1907年，雷蒙德•德•拉罗什(RaymondedeLaroche)在法国看到莱特兄弟(WrightBrothers)的飞行演示后，受到了飞行的启发。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Ederle,wholivedtobe98anddiedin2003,wasalsoanOlympicswimchampionandfive-timeworldrecord-holderinfiveswimmingevents埃德尔活到了98岁，2003年去世。他还是奥运会游泳冠军，五次保持五项游泳项目的世界纪录。根据最后一段In1967,20-year-oldKathrineSwitzerbecamethefirstwomantorunintheBostonMarathon,1967年，20岁的凯瑟琳·斯威策(KathrineSwitzer)成为第一位参加波士顿马拉松比赛的女性。她们两个都是运动员。故选A。4．D5．C6．A7．B这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了老鼠在地震中所扮演的角色。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld-Japan,LosAngeles,Turkey-ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.(但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶、土耳其——老鼠将很快成为人类最好的新朋友。)”和第二段“Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.(所以现在一个新的研究项目正在使用一种更小的动物来拯救生命：老鼠。)”可知，在世界地震之都，老鼠将变得流行，因为它们可以找到被困在建筑物中的幸存者的位置。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat’sbrainactivityjumps,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.(这是发送到它背上的一个小型无线电，然后救援人员跟踪无线电信号。当老鼠的大脑活动跳跃时，救援人员就知道有人还活着。)”可知，从第三段我们知道，救援人员可以通过老鼠身上的无线电信号来判断一个人是否还活着。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.(地震后会发生什么？我们派了搜救犬，为什么？因为它们能闻到人的气味。狗拯救生命。)”和文章倒数第二段“Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.(虽然已经有机器人可以做这项工作，但老鼠做得更好。)”可推知，人们在救援工作中仍然使用狗和机器人。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld-Japan,LosAngeles,Turkey-ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.(但在世界地震之都——日本、洛杉矶、土耳其——老鼠将很快成为人类最好的新朋友。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是关于老鼠在地震中所扮演的角色。故选B。8．B9．C10．B11．A本文是说明文。文章主要介绍孩子们在成长过程中和网络的联系。8．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Instagramhasexistedsinceshewasatoddler.”(自从她是个toddler的时候，Instagram就已经存在了。)可知，toddler是指成长中的一个时期。根据第二段“Althoughmanykidsmaynotyethaveaccounts(账户)themselves,theirparents,schools,sportsteamshavebeenorganizinganonlineoneforthemsincebirth.”(尽管许多孩子自己可能还没有账户，但他们的父母，学校，运动队从他们出生起就为他们组织了一个在线账户。)可知，这些在线机构从他们出生时就已经存在，所以toddler应该是指“年龄很小”的时候，和B选项意思相近。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’sstrangetoseemyselfupthere,andsometimestherearepicturesIdon’tlikeofmyself”(看到我自己在那上面真的很奇怪，并且有时候，还有一些我自己都不喜欢的照片。)可知，Cara对她的妈妈在Instagram上面上传她的照片的行为是不满意，不赞同的。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almostaquarterofchildrenbegintheirdigitalliveswhenparentsuploadtheirprenatalsonogramscans(产前超声波扫描)totheInternet,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheInternet-securitycompanyAVG.”(根据互联网安全公司AVG的一项研究，近四分之一的孩子是在父母将产前超声波扫描图上传到网上后开始数字生活的。)可知，近四分之一的孩子是在他们出生前就开始数字生活了。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Almostaquarterofchildrenbegintheirdigitalliveswhenparentsuploadtheirprenatalsonogramscans(产前超声波扫描)totheInternet,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheInternet-securitycompanyAVG.Thestudyalsofoundthat92percentofkidsundertheageof2alreadyhavetheirownuniqueonlineidentity(身份).”(根据互联网安全公司AVG的一项研究，近四分之一的孩子是在父母将产前超声波扫描图上传到网上后开始数字生活的。这项研究还发现，92%的孩子们在不到2岁的时候已经有他们自己独立的网络身份了。)可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孩子们在成长过程中和网络的联系。故选A。12．A13．A14．C15．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了受生存环境及偷猎行为的影响，有些非洲大象出生时就没有长牙，这势必会影响该物种的繁衍，目前一些国家已经开展拯救措施。12．细节理解题。根据Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory.可知，研究人员认为，由于不断猎杀大象以获取有价值的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytohelpfinanceweapons(武器)andmeattofeedthesoldiers.冲突在1992年结束的时候,大约90%的象被杀为了要象牙来融资制造武器并给士兵提供肉。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据A2008studypublishedfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989,largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivory.2008年发表的一项研究发现，在坦桑尼亚的鲁哈国家公园，没有象牙的雌性数量从1969年的10.5%上升到1989年的近40%，这主要是因为非法狩猎象牙。这是最早的记录。故选C。15．词义猜测题。根据scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales,科学家们还不确定无牙母象率较高的这种情况需要多长时间能够改变。故选D。16．B17．G18．F19．C20．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了掉进结冰的湖里应采取的自救措施。16．上文“Itcanbetrulyfrighteningtofallthroughiceonafrozen(结冰的)lake.（在结冰的湖面上掉进冰里真的很可怕。）”可知讲述掉到结冰的湖里真的很可怕；可知下文“Infact,thereismoretimetohelpyousurvivethanyouthink.（事实上，帮助你生存的时间比你想象的要多。）”可知提到了帮助生存的时间比想象的多；选项B“However,ifyouremaincalm,itcansaveyourlife.（然而，如果你保持冷静，它可以拯救你的生命。）”讲述的是掉到结冰的湖面时应该有的表现，承接了上文所述的掉进结冰的湖里的内容，并说明了掉进去之后应该如何做才能获得生存，即保持冷静，引出下文对于保持镇静后其实这里有比想象中多的时间来帮助获得生存的阐述；故选B项。17．上文“Remembertogetcontrolofyourbreathingandnottomovearound.（记住控制你的呼吸，不要四处走动。）”可知提到了控制呼吸和不要四处走动，推知空处可能讲述的是控制呼吸和不要四出走动的好处；下文“Thismeansthatittakesaboutoneminutetogaincontrolofyourbreathing,andtenminutestomovebeforeyougettoocold.（在你变得太冷之前这意味着大约需要一分钟来控制你的呼吸，需要十分钟来移动。）”可知提到了一分钟控制呼吸，十分钟移动；选项G“Itcanhelptorememberthe“1-10-lrule”（它可以帮助记住“1-10-l规则”）”讲述的是正是某种行为所带来的好处，即控制呼吸和不要四处走动可以帮助记住“1-10-l规则”，承接了上文，同时引出下文对于这个规则的具体解释；故选G项。18．上文“Takethatfirstminuteandfullyfocusonyourbreathing.Slowitdown,andthenlookaroundtoseeifyoucanfindthethickestareaofice.Whenyoufindtheice,spreadoutyourarmsoverthesurface,andthenbegintoflutter-kick(上下打水)untilyourbodyreachesthesamelevelofthesurface.（抓住第一分钟，全神贯注于你的呼吸。放慢速度，然后环顾四周，看看能否找到最厚的冰层。当你找到冰块的时候，把你的手臂伸展到冰面上，然后开始上下打水，直到你的身体到达冰面的同一高度。）”可知讲述的是在掉进结冰的湖里后用自己的肢体自救的方法；选项F“Kickhardanduseyourarmsandhandstoclimboutofthewater.（用力踢，用你的手臂和双手爬出水面。）”讲述的也是掉进结冰的湖里用自己的肢体自救的方法，承接了上文所述的内容，即当你的身体到达冰面的同一高度时用力踢，用手臂和双手爬出水面；故选F项。19．上文“Besides,whatifyoufeeltooweaktogoonandyoucannotgetout?（此外，如果你觉得太虚弱了，无法继续下去，走不出来怎么办？）”可知提到了出现太虚弱而无法继续进行自救的情况，推知空处讲述的是出现这种情况应该采取的保存体力的措施；下文“Thepointistotrytofreezeyourcoattotheice,sothatifyouloseconsciousness,youwillkeepyourheadoutofice.（关键是要尽量把你的外套冻在冰上，这样如果你失去了意识，你的头就不会被冻在冰上。）”可知在讲述某种情况下应该把外套冻在冰面上的好处；选项C“Placeyourarmsoverthesurfaceoftheiceandremainstill.（把你的手臂放在冰面上并保持不动。）”可知讲述的正是保存体力的措施，即出现太虚弱而无法继续进行自救的情况，应该把手臂放在冰面上并保持不动，同时这也正是下文所描述的措施所适用的情况，即你要把外套放在冰面上，这样即使你动不了也不会把头给冻住；故选C项。20．根据前文“Itispossiblethatyoucanliveforseveralhoursafterpassingout.This,however,doesrequiresomeplanning.Youonlyhaveabout10minutesbeforeyourbodybecomestoocoldtodoanything.Besides,whatifyoufeeltooweaktogoonandyoucannotgetout?（有可能你昏倒后还能活几个小时。然而，这确实需要一些计划。你只有大约10分钟，在你的身体变得太冷而无法做任何事情之前。而且，如果你觉得太虚弱了，无法继续下去，无法脱身怎么办？）”可知前文讲述了在身体变冷之前应该做的事情以及出现虚弱不能自救的情况该采取的措施；选项A“Thus,youwillremainvisible,waitforsomeonetocome,evenifyoupassout（以这种方式，你要保持你自己可被人看见，等待有人来，即使你昏倒了）”承接了前文所述内容，总结出了用前文所述的方式，来等待别人来救助，即使昏倒了也是如此，即做了前文所述的措施之后，要让自己保持被看见，然后就可以等待别人来救助了，选项A与前文构成逻辑顺序关系；故选A项。21．A22．D23．A24．B25．C26．C27．A28．C29．A30．B31．C32．D33．D34．B35．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的祖父退休了，但从未停止为社区服务。作者在他80岁时写信给他，让他放慢脚步，祖父却回信说生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而是不断攀登。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：68岁时，他退休了，但他从未停止为社区服务。A.stopped停止；B.enjoyed欣赏；C.finished结束；D.considered考虑。根据上文“Aged68,heretired,buthenever”中but表示转折，说明他从未停止为社区服务，故选A。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他80岁生日那天，我给他写了一封信，建议他是时候放慢脚步，放松一下了。A.gift礼物；B.note笔记；C.invitation邀请函；D.letter信。根据后文“hewroteinhisletterback”可知作者写了信。故选D。23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他80岁生日那天，我给他写了一封信，建议他是时候放慢脚步，放松一下了。A.slowdown减缓；B.calmdown冷静；C.catchup赶上；D.giveup放弃。呼应后文“butslowingdown”指作者让祖父放慢脚步，故选A。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你的良言，”他在回信中写道，“但慢下来让我害怕。”A.confuses使糊涂；B.scares使害怕；C.changes改变；D.attacks攻击。结合后文可知祖父不愿意放慢脚步，认为生命应该勇攀高峰，即放慢脚步让他害怕。故选B。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而在于勇攀高峰！A.still依然；B.obviously显然；C.instead而不是；D.sadly悲伤地。根据后文“it’sgettingitmade”可知，生命的意义不在于坐享其成，而在于勇攀高峰。故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活中最快乐的时光并不是搬进一个舒适的家的时候。A.lain躺下；B.fallen落下；C.moved搬家；D.gone离开。根据后文“intoacomfortablehome”指搬进舒服的家，故选C。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回想起多年前，我们住在一幢三居室的房子里，为了维持生计，我们天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。A.daylight白天；B.breakfast早餐；C.school学校；D.noon中午。根据后文“andworkedtillafterdark”可知，天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。故选A。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回想起多年前，我们住在一幢三居室的房子里，为了维持生计，我们天不亮就起床，一直工作到天黑。A.fail失败；B.follow跟随；C.meet遇见，相符；D.stand站立。结合语境表示“维持生计”短语为makeendsmeet，指当时过着艰苦的日子。故选C。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然不明白的是，为什么我从来不会觉得累，我的生活感觉非常好。A.tired疲惫的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.warm温暖的；D.annoyed生气的。结合上文可知每天天不亮就去工作却感觉开心可知，虽然工作辛苦但不觉得疲惫。故选A。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想答案是，我们为生存而努力，为我们所爱的人而努力。A.freedom自由；B.survival生存；C.health健康；D.riches财富。结合上文可知努力工作来维持生计，即为了生存而努力。故选B。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的不是那些伟大的时刻，而是等待，甚至是失败。A.forms形成；B.tells告诉；C.matters重要；D.hurts伤害。呼应后文“thatcounts”指重要的时刻。故选C。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是过程，而不是到达。A.design设计；B.experiment实验；C.style风格；D.journey旅程。根据后文“notthearrival”重要的不是到达，而是旅程的过程。故选D。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这封信的结尾是一个请求：“孩子，在我下一个生日的时候，请告诉我起床并开始行动，因为我将少一年的时间去做事情——而有成千上万的事情要做。”A.day天；B.week周；C.month月；D.year年。根据上文“onmynextbirthday”可知，到明年祖父生日的时候，又少了一年去做事情。故选D。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，直到最后一刻。A.extra额外的；B.very恰好的；C.frightening可怕的；D.advanced高级的。指人生要攀登到最后一刻，theveryend表示“结尾，最后”。故选B。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，我的祖父96岁了，他仍然在那条漫长的道路上攀登。A.thinking思考；B.smiling微笑；C