2026新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版）第19讲 阅读理解之议论文（学生版）

第19讲阅读理解之议论文

1．了解议论文的解题方法与技巧。

2．进行议论文真题训练。

议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，

因此要多加重视。

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充

分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细

节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一

定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。

【考情分析】

议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细

节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，

以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。

一、文体特点与阅读策略

1.语言与结构特点

议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式

的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两

个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段

论式结构。

2.答题误区

议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述

的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，

又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。

解题技巧

1.主旨大意型

干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。

干扰项可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。

干扰项可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。

正确答案根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。

选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。

常见的提问方式有：

1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?

2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

4.Thistextmainlytellsus_________.

标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用

词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?

3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe__________.

2.事实细节型

(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。

文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等

细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。

提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。

在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：

①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__________.

④Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__________?

(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。

阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：

①包含项原则

在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选

项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正

确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。

②正反项原则

所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。

所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。

③委婉项原则

所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。

这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,

moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有绝对语气的表

达往往不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already

等等。

④同形项原则

命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能

力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。

⑤常识项原则

议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。

解题方法：原文定位法。

查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节上。

(2)细心!

3.词义猜测型

(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。

(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。

(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，

其中it和that还可以指一件事。

(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意

义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。

(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也

可以找出原因。

(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。

(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。

常见的问题形式有：

(1)Theword＂…＂inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…

(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase＂…＂suggests…

(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase/thesentence＂…＂is/refersto/means…

常用应对方法：

同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此

可以推测词义。

反义法：如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都

起着互为线索的作用。

释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。

此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。

做题要领

(1)从文中找线索或信息词；

(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；

(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。

(4)要特别注意熟词新意！

4.推理判断型

做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、

意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的

命题方式有：

(1)Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_________.

(2)Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_________.

(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?

(4)Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?

(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?

(6)Thepassageisintendedto_________.

（2023春·河南信阳·高二统考期中）ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversations

thatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,

peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.

SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.

ChatGPT,aswellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,isdisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn’t

necessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomake

usmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.

Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample.Ifyouwantitto,theAI-poweredchatbot(聊天机

器人)alwaysproducessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,it

lackstheconsciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.Itjust

restateswhathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.

ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifference

betweenabullshitter(胡说八道的人)andaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthisbutdecidestotakethe

oppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarusappliesthis

distinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhere“thepriceofbullshitreacheszero

andpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthat

plentifully”.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotan

intelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweighdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPT

writesisbullshit.

Thisiswhytheso-calledAIQiscritical.ItisactuallyanextensionandameasurementofourhumanIQ:our

overallknowledgeofAItools,ourmasteryofclues,andourethicalawareness.ChatGPTisgoingtochange

everything—andnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumanrange.Itis

theAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.

1．WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPTfromthepassage?

A．Itgeneratesimmediatelanguageresponses.

B．Itprovidesinstructionsonwritingskills.

C．Ithelpsgenerateanartificialvoice.

D．Itoffersaserviceforlanguagelearning.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disruptive”inParagraph2probablymean?

A．Evil.B．Revolutionary.C．Profitable.D．Reliable.

3．WhydoestheauthorconsiderChatGPTasabullshitgenerator?

A．Itmakesupliesconstantly.

B．Italwaystakesaneutralstandpoint.

C．Itoftenmakesunfairjudgement.

D．Itcan’ttellrightfromwrong.

4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

A．ChatGPTshouldbetreatedlikeatoy,notatool.

B．ChatGPTiscausingpanicnow.

C．ChatGPTmakesusrealizetheuniquehumanfeatures.

D．ChatGPTisboundtogeneratebullshit.

（2023秋·广东揭阳·高二统考期末）Whatdoesmusicmeantoyou?Doyouuseittohelprelievestress,

anxietyandfallasleepto?Formany,thevalueofmusicisendless,andscientistsandNobelwinnersareno

exception.Fromseeingproblemsinanewwaytodevelopingdiscipline(自律),expressingcreativitytoworking

asateam,musichashelpedmanywinnersinbothworkandlife.

MusichasoftenhelpedNobelwinnersthinkandprocessscientificinformationinanewway.AlbertEinstein

wasinfluencedbyhismotherwhotaughthimtoplaytheviolinataveryearlyage.Hewasespeciallyfondof

Mozart,BachandSchubert.ForEinstein,musicworkedasabrainstormingtechniquetohelphimreflectonhis

theoriesandsolvedifficultieshemetwith.Einstein’sscientificideaswereoftenfirstlycreatedintheshapeof

imagesandintuition(直觉),whichmusiclaterhelpedtoturnintomathematics,logic(逻辑)andwords.

Besideshelpingthemreflectonscientificallycomplexproblems,musichashelpedNobelwinnerslearn

disciplineandtheimportanceofacreativemind.ForThomasSüdhof’sawardedthe2013NobelPrizein

PhysiologyorMedicine,musicgavehimimportantinputsandideas.Südhofmostlyenjoysclassicalmusicby

masterslikeMozart,whichrequiresacreativemindaswellasgreatdiscipline.Itissaidthatthesetwofactors

shapedSüdhof’sdevelopmentasascientist.

Furthermore,thecooperationbetweenthemembersofamusicbandcanbecomparedwiththeteameffort

foundwithinaresearchgroup.AccordingtoMedicinewinnerJamesAllison,itisnecessaryinbothfieldstobuild

ateamwhereeachindividualmakestheirowncontributiontotheoverallwork.However,itisimportantthatthe

communicationbetweenthemembersworksosmoothlythateachindividualalsoknowswhatneedstobedoneto

achievebreakthroughs.AsJamesAllisonstates,“Everynowandthenmylabhasbeenaswelltuned—itfeelslike

areallygoodband”—theconceptofgreatteamworkleadingtogreatsuccesscanbeappliedtobothscienceand

music.

5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A．Musicinspiresateamtoworktogether.

B．Musichelpstorelievestressandanxiety.

C．Scientistsworkedtogetherwiththehelpofmusic.

D．Musichelpsscientiststoachievescientificsuccess.

6．WhatdidEinsteinandSüdhofhaveincommon?

A．Theybothvalueddiscipline.

B．Theybothlikedclassicalmusic.

C．Theystudiedthesameareaofscience.

D．Intuitionoftencamefirsttotheirmind.

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?

A．Thelabmembersenjoymusic.

B．Thelabhasmadebreakthroughs.

C．Thelabworksthroughgreatteamwork.

D．Thelabmembersunderstandeachother.

8．Howdidtheauthorprovehisorheropinion?

A．Bycomparingdifferentideas.B．Bygivingsupportingexamples.

C．Bydoingmusicalexperiments.D．Byreferringtofamoussayings.

（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考阶段练习）Contraryto“popularopinion”,thescientificpursuitfor

knowledgeisnotapredictableprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative,fail,

andlearnbychance.Thisaspectissimilartoart.ThisiswhyWageningenscientistslooktoartistsforinspiration

andexchangeideasabouthowtoincreasecreativefreedom.

“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstandable.Theybothprovideaperspective

onreality,”saysBiochemistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside,theresearchprocesslooksveryformal

andtheartisticprocesslookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfoldinanunpredictable

way.”

“Scientistscanlearnalotfromartists,”saysWeijers.“Associationandcreativityarecentraltoart.Those

aspectsrequiremoreattentioninscienceasthecreativeprocessisthekeyofscience.”

“Asascientist,youusedifferentmethods,butitisequallyabouthowyouvisualizeyourunderstandingsof

realityandtheconnectionsbetweenthem.Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart,”saysWeijers.Oneexampleisa

recentspecialprojectinwhichWeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel,professorofPhysicalChemistryandSoft

Matter,measuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子的)sensorwasusedtovisualizethedifferent

forces.Theyshowedtheresultsincolorfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce.

Whatscienceandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeople

whosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeoplewhomistrustscience.Weijerssays,“Itoftencreatesthewrong

impressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpeopledonothaveanyinsightintothe

processleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist,youaredoubtedifyousaysomethingthatisdifferentafewyearslater.

Thenyouareviewedasunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience.

Whatwescientistscanachieveinthecomingperiodistoprovidemorechancesforpeopletofocusontheprocess.

Personally,Ithinkthattheconnectionwithartcanhelptoleadthefocusontheprocessthantheresult.”

9．WhatdoesDolfWeijersthinkofscienceprocess?

A．Itisalwaysserious.B．Itcan’tbeaccidental.

C．Itdoesn’tallowfailures.D．Itcanbeunexpected.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart”inparagraph4mean?

A．Visualizingisamustforscience.

B．Sciencecanbevisualizedlikeart.

C．Scienceshouldbeunderstoodbyvisualizing.

D．Visualizingisaseasyinscienceasinart.

11．WhydocommonpeoplemistrustscienceinDolfWeijers’opinion?

A．Scientistsusuallydrawunreliableconclusions.

B．Scientistsdon’tusevisualizingtoshowtheresults.

C．Thescientificprocessisunknowntothem.

D．Thescientificresultsarecomplexforthepublic.

12．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．DifferencesBetweenScienceandArt

B．SimilaritiesBetweenScienceandArt

C．ScientistsandArtistsContributetotheWorld

D．ScienceandArtAreToolstoUnderstandtheWorld

（2023春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈九中校考阶段练习）Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargument

aboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Others

saythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetween

people.

Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedat

tennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-minded

pursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.

However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculture

whichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.

Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressurefromtheirparentsorsociety.

Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingto

winorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’tmatter,because

Ididn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,that

wouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetrue

competitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectrelieson

howwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicand

oftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.

13．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.

B．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.

C．Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition.

D．Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.

14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3mean?

A．Thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststrongly.

B．Thosewhotrytheirbesttowin.

C．Thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighly.

D．Thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess.

15．Whatisthesimilarbeliefofthetruecompetitorsandthosewitha“desiretofail”?

A．One’ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreatefforts.

B．One’sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers’.

C．One’ssuccessisbasedonhowhardhehastried.

D．One’sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskills.

16．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?

A．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.

B．Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.

C．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.

D．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.

（2023秋·山东青岛·高二青岛二中校考期末）Nobusinesswouldwelcomebeingcomparedtogambling

(赌博)Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshavecomplainedthattheir

childrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.Today,however,evenmoredoctorsareusingthe

term.OnJanuaryIthisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausing

harm—gainedrecognitionfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).

Aregamesreallyaddictive?Psychologistshavedifferentopinions.Thosewhodon’tthinksosaythatthisis

justanothermoralpanic.Similarwarningshavebeengivenabouttelevision,rock’n’roll,jazz,comicbooks,

novelsandevencrosswordpuzzles,butitturnsoutthattheyarenotasharmfulasexpected.

However,supportersarguethatgamedevelopershavethemotivationandthemeanstodesigntheirproducts

tomakethemextremelyattractive.Foronething.thebusiness-modelhaschanged.Intheolddays,gameswere

boughtonceandforall.Butthesedays,gamesarefreeandmoneyisearnedfrompurchasesofin-gamegoods,

whichtiesplaytimedirectlytorevenue(收益).Foranother,game-makerscombinepsychologicaltheoryanddata,

whichhelpsthemmaximizetheplaytime.Smartphonesandmodernvideogamemachinesusetheirpermanent

Internetconnectionstosendgameplaydatabacktodevelopers.Inthiswayproductsareconstantlyadjustedto

encourageplayers’spending.Thebiggestspendersareknownas“whales”,atermthatoriginatedincasinos(赌

场).

Thegamingindustryshouldrealizethat,intherealworld,ithasaproblem,andthatproblemisgrowingNow

thatgamingaddictioncomeswithanofficialWHOrecognition,diagnoseswillbecomemorecommon.Anyway,

beingputtogetherwithgamblinginthepublicmind,fairlyornot,willnotdotheindustryanygood.

17．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?

A．Itisnotsuitabletocomparevideogamestogambling

B．Parentscomplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling

C．Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addicted”.

D．Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.

18．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“moralpanic”inParagraph2mean?

A．Wrongjudgmentonhowharmfulsomethingis.

B．Troublecausedbysomeone’simmoralbehavior.

C．Unexpectedsocialprogresscausedbyscienceandtechnology.

D．Panicduetothegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung

19．Whatdogamesdevelopersdotomakegamesattractive?

A．Theydon’tchargeplayersforin-gamegoods.

B．Theyadjustproductsbasedonreceiveddata.

C．Theykeepplayers’videogamemachinesupdated.

D．Theyrewardbigspenderswithauniquetitle.

20．Inthelastparagraph,theauthoraimsto_________.

A．offerasuggestionB．makeaprediction

C．giveawarningD．putforwardasolution

（2023春·江苏南通·高二海安高级中学校考期中）AtitsannualgeneralassemblyinViennalastmonth,the

EuropeanGeosciencesUnion(EGU)didsomethingunusual.Thechairofitsawardscommittee,ThomasBlunier,

presentedabreakdown,bygender,ofprizenominees(被提名者)andnominators(提名者)since2014.Thedata

wererevealing.Althoughwomenmakeup37%ofthesociety’smembers,theymadejust20%ofnominations

suggestingthatwomenarelesslikelytonominatethanmen.Thedataalsoshowedthatpeopletendtofavourtheir

owngenderwhenmakingnominations-withmenmostlikelytonominateothermen.

Thisisclearlyaproblem,butawarenessofthesituationopensthedoortofixingit.Althoughwomenarestill

under-representedinEGUnominations,theirshareofawardsisnowapproachingtheirrepresentationamong

EGUmembers,thankstocorrectivemeasurestakenbytheorganization?sawardscommittee.TheEGUisdistinct

frommostotherscientificsocietiesthatdonotmakenominationdatapublic,thoughitisnecessaryforthefairness

amongprizewinners.

Someothereffortsareunderwaytomakeprizesfairer.Inmathematics,forexample,theInternational

MathematicalUnionhasintroducedguidelinestomakenominatorsandaward-committeemembersawareof

unconsciousbias.Manyprizenominationformsnowincludestatementsencouragingnominatorstoconsider

diversity.ThecommitteesthatawardNobelprizeshavetoldNaturethattheyareattemptingtoincreasediversity

innomineesandthattheproportionofwomennominatedisrising.

Prize-giversneedtowidentheirnominationpools.In2019,Naturesuggestedthatawardorganizersmight

casttheirnetswiderwhenseekingnominationsbyapproachingnetworksthatincludeacademiesofscienceinlow

andmiddle-incomecountries.Thisisstillnothappeningonthescalethatitneedsto.

Sadly,thesemeasureswillnotmakescienceprizesmatchglobaldiversity,atleastnotstraightaway.Many

prizesarebasedonworkcarriedoutdecadesago,whenthebarrierstoenteringsciencewereevenhigherthanthey

aretodayforpeoplefromunder-representedgroupsandcountries.Attheveryleast,professionalsocietiesmust

ensurethattheirnominationpoolsarerepresentativesoftheircommunities.Greatertransparencyandawider,

morediversepoolofnomineesincreasethechanceofawardsrewardingexcellence,ratherthanenlargingexisting

networksoffame.

21．WhatisthepurposeofshowingthedatafromtheEGU?

A．Toshowthegenderbalanceamongitsmembers.

B．Toencouragefemalestonominateotherfemales.

C．Toreflectthatwomenhavebeenignoredinawards.

D．Torevealthesignificantimpactfromgenderawareness.

22．Whateffortshavebeenmadetopromotethefairnessamongtheprizewinners?

A．Publicizingthenominationdata.

B．Wideningtheapplicationpoolsbynominees.

C．Introducingguidelinesonincreasingdiversity.

D．Castingthenetswiderwhenseekingnominations.

23．Whatdoestheauthorholdinthelastparagraph?

A．Existingnominationpoolsarenottransparent.

B．Professionalsocietiesmustmakeadifference.

C．Thebarrierstoenteringsciencewillnotbehigher.

D．Sciencehaskeptupwiththeglobaltrendofdiversity.

24．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

A．EuropeanGeosciencesUnion:AnNontraditionalModel

B．DiversityinSciencePrizes:WhyisProgressSoSlow?

C．ProgressinScience:NominationShowsJusticeforAll

D．TheWaytoGenderDiversity:Difficult,DelicatebutDestined

（2022春·重庆荣昌·高二重庆市荣昌永荣中学校校考期末）Itisacommonquestiontoaskyourself:What

doyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?

Inthepastithasgenerallybeenacceptedthatapersonwillfollowonecareerpath,butanemerginggroupof

peoplehavechangedthisidea.Bypursuingjobsacrossseveralwalks,thisgrouphascometobeknownas

“slashers(斜杠青年)”.

Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbecomepopular,particularlyamongthoseundertheageof30.In

moderncompetitivesociety,havingmultipleincomestreams(多种收入来源)isoneofthebestwaystocreate

financialsecurity.

ZhaoSichenisonefolloweroftheslashermovement.The34-year-oldisanEnglishteacheratTsinghua

UniversityHighSchool.Outsidetheclassroom,Zhaoalsoworksasprojectmanagerinchargeofeducation

programsattheInternettechcompanyNetEase.

Inadditiontoprovidingasenseofjobsecurity,becomingaslasherreducesboredomandpreventsbecoming

burnedouton(不再热衷)focusingonasinglepath.

AccordingtotheGuardian,“Entrepreneurs(创业者)areatypicalexampleofagroupthatexpectstospread

theircareersacrossmultipleareas.”ErinAlbertisatypicalslasherintheUK.Apartfromhavingwrittenbooks,

Albertisanassistantprofessor,anentrepreneurandalawstudent.Albertoftenaskshisstudentstothinkabout,

“whytheycan’tbothtakeanimmediatejoboffertheyarenotsureaboutaswellasworktowardtheir‘dream’

job”.

Technologyhasalsopromotedthischoice.Onlinetoolsandplatformshaveallowedpeopletopursue

differentinterestsandcareerpathsastheyhavepromotedtheabilitytoworkremotely.Neverhasitbeeneasierfor

thosewhohaveinterestsinavarietyofcareerstopursuethematthesametime.Itseemsthatrightnowtheskyis

thelimitforthosewhoareconsideringwhattheywanttodointhefuture.

25．Whatdoweknowaboutslashers?

A．Theyaremostly30yearsold.B．Theyfollowonecareerpath.

C．Theychangejobsfrequently.D．Theytendtoworkseveraljobs.

26．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforthepopularityofslashermovement?

A．Itgivespeoplemorefreetimetorelax.

B．Ithelpspeoplegainfinancialsecurity.

C．Itgetspeopletopursuetheirdream.

D．Itmakespeoplefeellessboredinasinglejob.

27．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?

A．Technologyallowspeopletoworkremotely.

B．Doingmorethanonejobmightbeencouraged.

C．Mostpeoplewillworkseveraljobsatthesametime.

D．Ithasbecomemorecommonforpeopletopursuemultiplejobs.

28．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．PursuingYourDreams.B．SlashersinChina.

C．SlashingthroughJobs.D．ChoosingMultipleJobs.

（2023秋·江苏连云港·高二统考期末）IamanAfricawildlifefilmmaker.Butwildlifefilmmakersfrom

Africaarerarerthanmountaingorillas(大猩猩).Tounderstandwhytherearesofew,weneedtorememberour

recenthistory.

Whenthecolonialists(殖民者)ruledAfrica,theyseizedcontrolofthecontinent’swildlifeandothernatural

resources.TheysawAfricanwildlifeas“biggame”andthecontinent’sfirstprotectednaturalareasweregame

reservescreatedbydrivingawaylocalsforthebenefitofwhitehunters.Later,gamereserveswererenamed

nationalparksandbiggamehuntinggavewaytowildlifetourism.ButAfricanwildlifewasstillthereforWhite

people’senjoymentandbenefits.

Thatlocalscouldhaveaninterestinpreservingwildlifeforitsownsakewasrarelyconsidered.Africans-like

mewhotriedtogetinvolvedinwildlifeconservationweremadetofeeloutofplace.WhenIwasfirstinterviewed

byaBritishfilmcrew,myinterviewwascutattheeditingstageandreplacedbyawhiteman,justbecauseIwas

anAfrican.

Africawasthesettingforsomeofthemostpopularfilmsaboutwildlife,butthesefilmsweremadeby

western-ownedproductioncompaniesforWesternaudiences,andmostAfricansneverevengottoseethem.What

Africaneededwastoseethemselvesandtheirviewpointsinthefilms.Weurgentlyneededwildlifefilmsmade

byAfricans,aboutAfricansandforAfricans.AsproducerofthedocumentaryTVseries“Wildlife