2026新高二英语暑假衔接讲义（人教版）第20讲 U5 Using Language（学生版）

【暑假辅导班】

新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）

第20讲选择性必修一Unit5UsingLanguage

【核心知识点讲解】

1.widespreadadj.分布广的,普遍的,广泛的

*Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20th

century.

自20世纪中叶以来,化学杀虫剂和人工肥料在农业中被广泛使用。

*(2019·浙江高考)Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteven

inwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

Mclntyre和他的同事发现大树的广泛死亡,即使在禁止砍伐和开发的野生土地上也很明显。

*Smartphonesarewidelyusedintheworld.

智能手机在世界上被广泛使用。

【词块记忆】

(1)awidespreaddisease流行病

inwidespreaduse广泛应用

(2)widelyadv.广泛地,大大地

2.essentialadj.完全必要的;极其重要的

*Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andthey

oftenhavelessflavoraswell.它们外表看起来可能很漂亮,但里面通常含水比必需矿物质多,而且它们的味

道也往往较淡。

*Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisessentialtolookattheargumentofbothsides.

在给出我的观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。

*(2019·江苏高考)TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshouldtakepeople’sessentialneedsinto

account.

第4段中的例子表明捐赠者应该考虑到人们的基本需求。

*(2019·天津高考)Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itisanessential

partofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.

历史不只是研究满是灰尘的古董和很久以前的事件。它还是搞清楚我们今天是谁和我们将成为谁的重要部

分。

*Foodisessentialtolife.

食物对生命是必不可少的。

【词块记忆】

beessentialto/for对……很重要

Itisessentialthat...(should)do...“做……是完全必要的”

Itisessentialforsb.todo...“对某人来说做……是完全必要的”

3.alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的,非传统的

*Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganic

foodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.

作为一个选择,一些农民已经转向有机农业,而且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转向了有机食品。

*Inraceforasustainablealternativetoplastic,Indonesiabetsonseaweed.在寻找一种可持续的塑料替代品的

竞赛中,印度尼西亚把赌注押在了海藻上。

*(2019·江苏高考)Manydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelative

long-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

许多捐赠者在没有仔细评估其资金的替代用途的相对长期成本和收益的情况下,就仓促进行了一些花哨的

项目。

【词块记忆】

(1)havenoalternativebut(todo)除(做)……外别无选择

(2)choice(同义词)n.选择,选择权

makeachoice做选择

havenochoicebuttodo别无选择只好做

4.instancen.例子,实例,事例

*Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.例如,他们可

以一年在田里种植玉米或小麦,然后下一年在那里种植豆类。

*Inoneinstance,indeed,thingshavegonefullcircle.

在一个例子中,事实上,事情已经绕了一圈。

*Itdeniesrightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsotosomepeople—forinstancetoinfants,thementallyincapableand

futuregenerations.它不仅剥夺了动物的权利,也剥夺了一些人的权利,例如婴儿、智力低下者和后代。

*(2019·天津高考)Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.例如,

大多数食物网由许多薄弱链接组成,而不是几个强有力的链接。

【词块记忆】

forinstance例如

inthefirstinstance第一,首先

【要点拾遗】

1.prohibitvt.禁止;阻止(prohibited,prohibited)

*Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycauseto

peopleandtheenvironment.事实上,一些杀虫剂,如DDT,因为它们对人和环境造成的损害,在大多数国家

已经被禁止。

*Over1,800foreignershavebeenarrestedfordoinglegallyprohibitedjobsinThailand,

超过1800名外国人因涉嫌在泰国从事被禁止的工作而被捕。

*(2019·浙江高考)CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniasoon.

加利福尼亚州即将禁止砍伐大树。

*Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwasprohibited.

那个教授是个失聪的人,并且任何交谈都受限制。

【词块记忆】

prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事

2.depthn.向下(或向里)的距离,深(度)

*Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.种植有机作物的农

民还种植不同的作物,使用不同的土壤深度来帮助保持其肥沃。

*Wewilldiscussthesethreeareasindepth.

我们将深入探讨这3个领域。

*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.你还需要判断动机的质量和深

度。

【词块记忆】

(1)indepth完全地,深入地

(2)deepadj.深的adv.深深地

(3)deeplyadv.深深地,强烈地

(4)deepenv.(使)变深,(使)加深

3.inturn相应地,转而,依次,轮流

*Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.

这会影响在土地上种植的作物,进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。

*Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andinturnthiscreatesfurtherproblems.

人们通过使用自己的小汽车努力去避免公共交通的延迟,而这又反过来产生进一步的问题。

【词块记忆】

byturns轮流,交替

taketurns轮流,依次

4.focuson/upon集中(……)于,聚焦(……)于

*Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.

有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和免于疾病。

*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public”attheexpense

ofthe“speaking”.很多时候,当你站起来发表演讲时,你把注意力集中在“公众”上,而忽视了“演讲”。

*Weareallsofocusedonourwoundsthatweforgettoholdsomeoneelse’soutstretchedhand.

我们都太专注于自己的伤口,以至于忘了握住别人伸出的手。

*Stayfocusedonyourgoalsonceyou’vesetthem.

一旦你设定了目标,就要专注于你的目标。

5.inaddition另外,此外

*Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.

此外,这些化学药品可长期停留在土壤和地下水源中。

*Inadditiontogivingmesomeadvice,hegavemesomemoney.他不仅给我提了些忠告,而且还给了我一些

钱。

*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.

此外,大多数报纸几乎没有吸引大众的内容。

【词块记忆】

inadditionto除……之外(还)

additionaladj.另外的

6.asfor关于,至于

*Definitely,asfortheactivities,wewillbehonoredtobegivenhigh-leveltrainingbyaprofessionalcoach

everyFridayaround3-5pm.

当然,至于活动,我们将很荣幸在每周五下午3至5点左右接受专业教练的高水平培训。

*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinVitaminC.

至于樱桃,它们是如此美味,谁在乎呢?然而,它们富含维生素C。

【词块记忆】

asfor(用于介绍谈论的话题)至于,关于

asto关于,至于(=concerning)

【基础训练】

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.(城市的)dwellersoftenacceptnoiseaspartofcitylife.

2.Choosefromsixpopular(味道)oficecream!

3.Hiswholelifeisafightagainst(贫穷)andunemployment.

4.Theplanreceived(普遍的)supportthroughoutthecountry.

5.MrsCaanneedsalittlehelpgettingher(食品杂货)home.

6.Theyarenot(完全地)happywithhiscriticismofthepresident.

7.HefirstenteredBritainonasix-monthvisa,andwasgivenafurther(延长)ofsixmonths.

8.Hehasadelicate(消化能力)andcannoteatoilyfood.

9.The(实际情况)isthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.

10.WhentheygottoMontana,theyputdown(根)andbuiltalife.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.somescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandand

people’shealth.

2.Pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,alsohelpful

ones.

3.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithout(use)anychemicals.

4.Organicfarmersalsousemanyother(method)toproducerichsoil.

5.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhile(avoid)damage

totheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.

6.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagriculture(entire).

7.Weshouldn’tlosesightofthefacteducationisimportantforitsownsake.

8.wewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.

9.Itistrueshehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.

10.hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.Veryloudnoisecanor.

很大的噪音会使人身体不适,或使他们发狂。

2.Recentlycustomershaveorganicfoodatthelocalgrocery.

最近,顾客在当地杂货店购物时,已经转向购买有机食品。

3.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersnaturalwastefromanimalsfertiliser.

例如,许多种植有机农作物的农民使用来自动物的天然废弃物作为肥料。

4.Organicfarmingisabletomeettheneed.

有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。

5.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertable

因此,要找到一个合适的解决方案,在保持人和环境尽可能健康的同时,把足够的食物放在餐桌上,还有很

长的路要走。

IV.阅读理解

A

Theorganicfoodshavegainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier.Afair

numberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnot

seemwell-founded.

Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimple

landtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanless

wildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.

Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertiliser(合成

肥料)eachyear,andallthatnitrogen(氮)enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvast

polluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoff

thesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.

Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,

somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterforthe

planetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices—refusingartificialfertilizersand

chemicalpesticides—areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7

billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.

Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces

25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.

IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganic

methodsacross34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredalower

outputforeverycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailed(落后

于)conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworld’s

maincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.

Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,there

aretrade-offs(此消彼长)witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystems

ratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarming?

A.Itproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilisers.

B.Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironment.

C.Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.

D.Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.

2.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

A.Employingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.

B.Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotato.

C.Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.

D.Applyingconventionalfarmingtogrowapple.

3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

CP:CentralPointP:Point

Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion

4.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Tocomparetwotypesoffarming.

B.Tocriticizeconventionalagriculture.

C.Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.

D.Toargueforarealisticagriculturesystem.

B

Imagineyou’reatthesupermarketcheckout.Youpaythecashier,loadyourfoodintothecart,thentake

onethirdofyournewlypurchaseditemsoutsideandthrowthemintothetrash.Thismaysoundunbelievable,but

millionsofusworldwidedothisregularly,althoughinamorenon-directway.

IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswho

buytoomuch.Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhuman

consumption.Sowheredotheseexcessproductsendup?

“Wereceivefoodfromvarioussources,includingfoodbanks,restaurants,cafes,foodphotographers,

andevents”saysAdamSmith,founderofTheRealJunkFoodProject.TheBritishcompanyrecentlymade

headlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwould

otherwisehaveendedupinwaste.Mostofitscustomersarelow-incomefamilies,orevencollegestudentswho

finditdifficulttoaffordfood.“Weaskourcustomerstopaywhattheyfeelintime,moneyorskills.Wedohave

peoplecomingwiththeintentionofpayingandifitcarriesonlikeitdoes,itwillpayforthecostoft