考研英语（二）模拟试卷178

考研英语（二）模拟试卷178

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

It'snosecretthatmostofusdon'tgetenoughsleepandsufferforit.Ifyou'rebetweenthe

agesof16and64,[Cl]don'tgetseventoninehoursofsleeppernight,your

logical[C2],executivefunction,attention,andmoodcanbeimpaired.[C3]

,severesleepdeprivationcanleadtodepression,anxiety,and[C4]of

paranoia（妄想症）.Inthelongrun,sleepdeprivationisamain[C5]totherisk

ofdementiaandAlzheimer'sdisease.[C6],onegroupthatdoesn'tneedtoheed

thesewarningsisexecutives.Inour[C7]of35,000leadersandinterviewswith

250more,wefoundthatthemoresenioraperson's[C8]is,themoresleepthey

get.Therearetwo[C9]explanationsforthis.Eitherseniorexecutives,withthe

helpof[CIO]andhard-workingmiddlemanagers,dolessandtakemoretime

forsleep.Orseniorexecutiveshavehadthe【「11】anddisciplinethroughout

theircareertogetenoughsleepand[C12]maintainahighperformancelevel

without[C13]—.Ourconclusionisthatthelatteristhe[C14]."Sleep

hasalwaysbeenfoundationalformyperformance,Cees'tHart,presidentandCEOof

CarlsbergGroup,sharedwithus."And[C15]toperforminawaythatis

requiredbymycurrentjob,Ineedsevenhoursofsleep,everynight.Ofcourse,with

[CI6]travelandworkcommitments,sometimesthisis[C17],and

whenthathappens,itcomeswithacost.WhenIsleepless,Iperformless.1'[C18]

,ourdatafoundthat68%ofnon-executiveleadersgetfivetosevenhoursofsleep

pernight.Whentherearenotenoughhoursintheday,they[C19]somefrom

thenight.Manyleadersstayuplatetocatchuponemailorothertasks.Accordingtoour

research,thistendencyiswidespread,[C20]______gender.

1、[Cl]、

A^but

B、and

C^yet

D、so

标准答案：B

知识点解析：逻辑衔接题。根据句意，众所周知，我们大多数人都不能得到充足的

睡眠并因此遭受痛苦。如果你的年龄在16岁到64岁之间，每天晚上不能得

到7到9个小时的睡眠，那么你的逻辑、执行功能、注意力和情绪都会受到

影响。年龄和睡眠不足这两个条件是并列存在的，故B项为正确选项。

2、[C2]

A、reasoning

connecting

C、extracting

D、patterning

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。根据句意，如果你的年龄在16岁到64岁

之间，而且每天晚上不能得到7到9个小时的睡眠，那么你的逻辑、执行功

能、注意力和情绪都会受到影响。逻辑推理属于人的一种能力，且下文也提到了其

他能力，故A项为正确选项。

3、[C3J

A^Indeed

B、Still

C、Worse

D、Rather

标准答案：c

知识点解析：上下文语义及逻辑衔接题。根据句意，,严重的睡眠不足会导

致抑郁、焦虑……上文提到睡眠不足会影响注意力和情绪等，本句讲的是严重的睡

眠不足，可知比上一句情况更糟，故C项为正确选项。

4、[C4]

A、exposures

B、dilemmas

C、consequences

D、symptoms

标准答案：D

知识点解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。根据句意，更糟的是，严重的唾眠不足会

导致抑郁、焦虑和妄想症______C观察各选项，严重的睡眠不足导致妄想症的症状

更符合上下文语义及逻辑，故D项为正确选项。

5、[C5]

A、contributor

B、composition

C、competitor

D、indicator

标准答案：A

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句意，从长远来看，睡眠不足是痴呆和早老性痴呆

病的主要o睡眠不足可能会导致痴呆，所以睡眠不足是痴呆的主要诱因，故

A项为正确选项。

6、[C6]

A、Obviously

B>Surprisingly

C^Accordingly

D^Ironically

标准答案：B

知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据句意，,管理者这一群体却不需要注意这些

警告。文章首句提到我们大多数人都不能得到足够的睡眠并因此遭受痛苦，木句乂

说管理者不需要注意这些警告，因此这是令人惊讶的，故B项为正确选项。

7、[C7]

A、commitment

investment

C^assessment

D、management

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句意，在对35000名领导者的和250多名

受访者的访问中，我们发现，一个人的越高，他们的睡眠时间就越长。本句

是讲通过_____和访问得出结论，观察各选项，与'访问”可并列且符合语义的是

“评估”，故C项为正确选项。

8、[C8]

A、label

rebel

C、level

D、role

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句意，在对35000名领导者的评估和250多名受

访者的访问中，我们发现，一个人的级别越高，他们的睡眠时间就越长，观

察各选项,只有D项符合句意.故D项为F确选项°

9、[C9]

A、possible

absurd

C、durable

D、apparent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义及形容词辨析题。根据句意，对此有两种解释。下

文作者说了两种解释，且认为后者是事实，故这两种解释应该都是比较合理的，故

A项为正确选项。

10、[CI0]

A、colleagues

B、assistants

D、feat

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。根据句意，我们的结论是，后一种情况是

。上文提到了两种可能的解释，下文又提到Cees'tHart说睡眠一直是他高

效工作的基础，所以作者的结论是后种解释是对的，是事实，故B项为正确选

项。

15、[C15]

A^eventually

B>similarly

C、especially

D^virtually

标准答案：C

知识点解析：副词辨析题。根据句意，“睡眠一直是我高效工作的基础，“嘉士伯集

团总裁兼首席执行官Cees'tHart与我们分享道，“在以我目前的工作所要求

的方式展开工作时，我每晚需要睡7个小时。”前面说睡眠是基础，后面说目前的

工作需要保证睡眠，两者是并列递进的关系，故C项为正确选项。

16、[C16]

A、formal

B、crucial

C>collective

D、intense

标准答案：D

知识点解析♦：上下文语义及形容词辨析题。根据句意，当然，有了出差和工

作使命感，有时这是,而当这种情况发生时:它是需要付出代价的。根据下

文，当我睡得少的时候，我的业绩就会变差，可知频繁的出差会使睡眠时间变少，

故D项为正确选项°

17、[C17]

A、compromised

B、compensated

C、accompanied

D、accustomed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句意，当然，有了频繁的出差和工作使命感，有

时这是，而当这种情况发生时，它是需要付出代价的。当我睡得少的时候，

我的业绩就会变差。频繁的出差和工作使命感可能会使睡眠时间不充足，但是在这

个时候睡眠时间就要做出让步，所以睡眠时间变少，业绩变差，故A项为正确选

项。

18、[C18]

A、Inaddition

Incontrast

C、Ingeneral

D、Infact

标准答案：B

知识点解析：上下文语义及逻辑衔接题。根据句意，,我们的数据显示，

68%的非执行领导人每晚唾5到7个小时。第二段最后一句提到“我们发现，一个

人的职位越高，他们的睡眠时间就越长”，这也是本文的论点，此处也在证明论

点，所以产生了对比，即与职位高的人相比，非执行领导人的睡眠时间更短，故B

项为正确选项。

19、[C19]

A、save

B、exchange

C、steal

D、rent

标准答案：C

知识点解析•：动词辨析题。根据句意，当白天的工作时间不够时，他们会从晚上

一些时间。许多领导人熬夜赶写电子邮件或处理其他任务。时间是不能用来

保存、借或租的，steal表示他们在晚上“偷”一点时诃，也就是说他们在晚上挤出一

点时间，故C项为正确选项。

20、[C20]

A、inspiteof

B、insteadof

C、despite

D、regardlessof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：逻辑衔接题。根据句意，根据我们的研究，这种趋势是普遍存在的，

且______性别。inspiteof一般指主观上故意去忽视，相当于despite：regardlessof

一般用于客观上无法避免的事实，而本句所述为客观事实，故D项为正确选项。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

InJanuarycommutersvo:edBirminghamNewStreetoneofBritain'sworstrailway

stations.Eachdaynearly150,000peoplemovethroughastructurebuiltforhalfasmany.

Butbynextyearitwillbetransformed,with400tonnesofundulatingsteelcladdingand

avaguelyeyeballappearance.Thestationwillhave"thewowfactor",boastsSirAlbert

Bore,theleaderofBirminghamcitycouncil.Itwillalsoshowhowmuchattitudesto

railwaystationshavechanged.Railwaystationsarethechiefexceptiontotherulethat

Britaininveststoolittleininfrastructure.Ofthe17bigterminimanagedbyNetwork

Rail,theownerofBritain'stracks,11arcbeingredevelopedorhaverecentlybeen

completed.Fiveotherstations,includingReadingandNorthampton,arebeingsprucedup

bylocalcouncilsandNetworkRail.Somesimplyneedtobeexpanded:thenumberof

trainjourneyshasrisenby35%since2005.ButthedesignofNewStreetsuggests

aspirationswellbeyondmoreeasefultravel.Thebuildingwouldnotlookoutofplacein

Dubaiandisstriking,ifslightlyincongruous,inthegreyWestMidlands.Cityplanners

wantedsomethingmonumental,likeGrandCentralstationinNewYork,saysSirBernard

Zissman,chairmanoftheindependentdesignpanel."Twentyorthirtyyearsagobusiness

peopleweremorelikelytoarriveinacitybycar,"explainsJonNealeofJonesLang

LaSalle,apropertyspecialist.Townplannersdulycarvedoutmotorwaysand

roundaboutstoenticethem.In1962alocalpoliticianclaimedthatanewdesignfor

Birmingham,involvinganinnerringroad,wouldmakeit"oneofthefinestcitycentresin

Europe".Citiesnowmeasuretheirappealbytheirstations.Businessesclusleraround

them:atKing'sCross,aonce-grimypartofnorthLondon,apostcodehasbeencreated

forallthenewbuildingsaroundthestation,whichwasredevelopedin2013.JohnLewis,

anupmarketdepartmentstore,willopeninthemallaboveNewStreet(whichisindeed

called"GrandCentral")alongwith60othershops.Thecouncilhopesitwillpullin

visitorstothecity.Suchambitionrecallsthestationsofthe19thcentury.Those

structuresHspoketothecorporatesensibilityofacity,*'saysTristramHunt,anMPand

historian,bycombiningcommercewiththesheenofcivicpride.ThefirstNewStreet

station,builtin1851,hadthelargestsingle-spanroofinthecountryatthetime.Itwas

torndownbyenthusiastic1960stownplanners.Nowsomeofitsoriginallustremay

return.

21、AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureof

Birminghamrailwaystation?

A、Critical.

B、Suspicious.

C、Confident.

D、Biased.

标准答案：C

知识点词析：态度方向题。解答此类题目的关键是在对应段落中找到作者态度的标

志，在第一段的结尾处用伯明翰市长的话表明了作者的观点，即Itwillalsoshow

howmuchattitudestorailwaystationshavechanged.(也会使乘客对火车站的态度实

现360度大转弯。)由此可知，作者的态度是积极的。与这个信息相对应的选项为

C项Confident“自信的”，故C项为正确选项。

22、WhatusedtobethesituationinBirminghamrailwaystation?

A^Abstractvision.

B、ThebiggestoneinEngland.

C^Steelcladdingstructure.

D、OneofthemostcrowdedoneinBritain.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第一段，开头处已经说明了伯

明翰火车站是最差的火车站之一，表现为最拥挤，而与这个信息相匹配的选项只有

D项OneofthemostcrowdedoneinBritain”英国最拥挤的火车站之一”，题干中的

usedto（曾经）是非常关键的题点，做题的时候应当注意，D项是文章的同义改写，

故D项为正确选项。

23、ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheaspirationofNewStreetdesignis.

A、toproducemorecomfortabletravel

B、toimprovethecity'sinfrastructure

C、tobuildalandmarkplace

D、tomaketherailwaystationafinestcitycenterinEurope

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在文章的第三段，定位词出现在笫二

句，但是建造火车站的最终目的在结尾处有体现，即Cityplannerswanted

somethingmonumental,likeGrandCentralstationinNewYork,saysSirBernard

Zissman,chairmanoftheindependentdesignpanel.（独立设计小组主席Bernard

Zissman爵士解释说，城市规划者想要建设一些像纽约的中央车站一样的具有里程

碑意义的建筑物。）与这一信息相对应的选项为C项tobuildalandmarkplace”建设

一个地标'、，故C项为正确选项。

24、Theword"clusterH（Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto.

A^construction

B、shop

C^centre

D^market

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇理解题。解决此类题目的关键是通读对应段落后，在该单词的上

下句找到同性词,根据定位词定位到文章的第五段，文章在第四段中已经提出伯明

翰的新的城市规划使其成为欧洲的中心，第五段承接了这个内容，因此，选项中可

以体现中心的概念为正确选项，刚好C项centre“中心”与之对应，故C项为正确选

项。

25、Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.

A、TheNewConceptofRailwayStation

B、ABigFailureofRailwayStation

C>AFeverishDreamofRailwayStation

D、ACitizen'sPlanningofRailwayStation

标准答案：A^

知识点解析：主旨大意题。做此类题目时，关键是通过做完其他四道题，大体知道

文章的中心，再次通读各段首句，验证中心。本文的思路也很明确，主要是说明伯

明翰铁路的改造，给铁路的设计注入新的理念，而与这个信息相匹配的选项为A

项TheNewConceptofRailwayStation"新概念卜的火车站”，所以A项为正确选

项。

Britain'sflexiblelabourmarketwasaboonduringtheeconomicslump,helpingkeep

joblessnessdownandthen,whentherecoverybegan,allowingemploymenttorise.Yet

oneofitsbendierbitsiscausingpoliticianstofret.EdMiliband,theleaderoftheLabour

Party,haspromisedacrackdownon"zero-hourscontracts"ifhewinsthenextelection.

Thegovernmenthaslaunchedaconsultation.Zero-hourscontractsallowfirmstoemploy

workersforasfeworasmanyhoursastheyneed,withnopriornotice.Intheory,atleast,

peoplecanrefusework.Fully1.4mjobswerebasedonthesecontractsinJanuary2014,

accordingtoasnapshottakenbytheOfficeforNationalStatistics.Thatisjust4%ofthe

total,butthesharerisestoaquarterinthehospitalitybusiness.Thecontractsareuseful

forfirmswitherraticpatternsofdemand,suchashotelsandrestaurants.Theyhavealso

helpedfirmstoexpandduringtherecovery——allowingthemtotestnewbusinesslines

beforehiringpermanentstaff,whowouldbemorecostlytomakeredundantifthings

wentwrong.Flexibilitysuitssomeworkers,too.Accordingtoonesurvey,47%ofthose

employedonzero-hourscontractswerecontenttohavenominimumcontractedhours.

Manyoftheseworkersareinfull-timeeducation.Theabilitytoturndownworkis

importanttostudents,whowanttorevise(orsitinthesun)atthistimeofyear.

Pensionerskeenforalittleextraincomecanoftenlivewiththeuncertaintyofnothaving

guaranteedhours.Yetthatleavesmorethanaquarterofworkersonzero-hourscontracts

whosaytheyarcunhappywiththeirconditions.Someofthisiscyclical.During

recessions,adearthofpermanentpositionsforcespeopleintojobswithnocontracted

hourseveniftheydonotwantthem(thegovernmenthasjustsaidthatunemployed

peoplewhorefusetoacceptzero-hourscontractscouldbecutofffrombenefits).

Underemploymentisparticularlyprevalentamongtheseworkers,35%ofwhomwould

likemorehourscomparedwith12%inotherjobs.Astheeconomyrecovers,many

shouldbeabletorenegotiatetheircontractsorfindpermanentjobs.Buttherecoverywill

notcauseunwantedzero-hourscontractstodisappear.Someworkerswillneverhave

muchnegotiatingpower:theyarcconstrainedbygeography,familycommitmentsand

lackofcompetitionfortheirskillsamongasmallnumberofbigemployers.Zero-hours

contractsmakeiteasierforemployerstoabusetheirlabour-marketpower.Someuse

themtoavoidstatutoryobligationssuchassickandmaternitypay.Workersarepenalised

fornotbeingavailablewhenrequested.Andsomecontractscontainexclusivityclauses

whichpreventworkersfromtakingadditionaljobs.Thesecanharmotheremployersas

wellasworkers,andactuallyreducelabourmarketflexibility.That,atleast,isworth

doingawaywith.

26、"Zero-hourscontract"wouldbenefit.

A、economyrecovery

B、LaborParty

C^employment

D^thegovernment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在第一段，定位词在结尾处有体现，而

段落开头体现的信息为Britain'sflexiblelabourmarketwasaboonduringthe

economicslump,helpingkeepjoblessnessdownandthen,whentherecoverybegan,

allowingemploymenttorise.（英国经济衰退期间，其灵活的劳动力市场简直就是一

个福音，它既保持了英国较低的失业率，也在经济复苏时提高了就业率。）与这个

信息相对应的选项为C项employment“就业”，故C项为正确选项.

27、"Zero-hourscontract"wouldbehelpfulforsomefirmsinthat

A、workinghoursforworksshouldbeagreedon

B、peoplecanrefuseworkpractically

C^itwouldbelesscostlytocutjobsthanhirepermanentstaff

D、itwouldcutcosttoscaleupthecompany

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第二段和第三段，其中第三段

的第二句可以体现题目的内容，即Theyhavealsohelpedfirmstoexpandduringthe

rccoverjz—allowingthemtotestnewbusinesslinesbeforehiringpermanentstaff,who

wouldbemorecostlytomakeredundantifthingswentwrong.（它们还有助于公司在

经济复苏时扩大规模，其方式是在雇用同定员工前测试应聘者的'业务水平。因为一

旦雇用固定员工后，如果出现问题，裁员的代价会更高。）而与这个信息相对应的

选项C项itwouldbelesscostlytocutjobsthanhirepermanentstaff,“缩减岗位比聘

用固定员工成本低”所以C项为正确选项。

28、Accordingtothetext,thisflexibleworkingwayscanhelpthosepeoplewho

A、workinpermanentbutwanttoearnmore

B、haveretiredbuthavenopension

C、studyinfull-timeschooling

D、havenoworkingexperiences

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第四段，在中间处体现了题目

的内容，即Theabilitytoturndownworkisimportanttostudents,whowantto

revise（orsitinthesun）atthistimeofyear.（拒绝工作的能力对学生来说非常重要，

因为他们想要在每年的这个时候复习功课或者晒太阳。）与这个信息相对应的选项

为C项studyinfull-timeschooling“全日制学习的人”，故C项为正确选项。

29、Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A、Manyworkersonzero-hourscontractsareoftenunsatisfiedwiththeirconditions.

B、Manypeopledon'twanttojoinpermanentwork.

C^Economicrecoverywilleventuallyleadtozero-hourscontractsoutofdate.

D、Reducinglabour-marketflexibilityisnottheoriginalideaofzero-hourscontracts.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。解决此题的关键是通读段落后找到四个选项在段落中的

位置，通读第五段可以得出零时工合同的影响即：Yetthatleavesmorethanaquarter

ofworkersonzero-hourscontractswhosaytheyareunhappywiththeirconditions.（然

而，25%以上的零时合同工对自己的工作环境不满。）25%并不等同于很多，同时

第六段结尾处也说了工人的初衷并不是要降低市场灵活性，与这个信息相对应的选

项为D项Reducinglabour-marketflexibilityisnottheoriginalideaofzero-hours

contracts.“减少劳动力市场的灵活性并不是零时工合同最初的目标”。所以D预为

正确选项。

30、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthistext?

A、Zero-hoursContract—LackofFlexibility

B、Zero-hoursContract-anOut-of-datePolicy

C^Zero-hoursContract-anIllegalPolicy

D、Zero-hoursContract—aChallengingWayAgainstPermanentJob

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨大意题。解决该题目的关键是，通过做完前四道题大体知道文章

的中心，再次通读各段首句，验证中心。整个文章都是在围绕着零时工合同的影响

来说，在结尾处明确地说明了零时工合同并不灵活，而与这个信息相对应的选项为

A项Zero-hoursContract-LackofFlexibility(零时工合同---缺乏灵活性)，所以A

项为正确选项。

Mentionpricecartelsandmanypeoplewillthinkofbig,overtonesliketheoneOPEC

runsforoilandthenow-cxtinctonefordiamonds.Butatleastasdamagingarcthemany

secretcartelsinsuchunglamorousareasasball-bearingsandcargorates,whichgoon

unnoticedforyears,quietlybumpinguptheendcosttoconsumersofallmannerofgoods

andservices.Collusionamongproducerstorigpricesandcarveupmarketsisthriving,

withthecartelsgrowingevermoreintricateandglobalinscope.Competitionauthorities

haveuncoveredseveralwhoppingconspiraciesinrecentyears,includingoneinwhich

morethan20airlinesworldwidehadfixedpricesonperhaps20billionoffreight

shipments.Theywerefinedatotalof3billion;andsofarthecompensationclaimsfrom

ripped-offcustomerscomfortablyexceed1billion.Oneacademicstudyfoundthatthe

typicalcartelraisedthepriceofthegoodsorservicesinquestionby20%.Another

suggestedthatcartelswererobbingpoorcountries'consumersoflensofbillionsof

dollarsayear:ifso,negatingalltheaidthatrichcountries'governmentssendthem.

Investigatorsarestillunravellingahugeglobalnetworkofcartelsamongsuppliersofa

widerangeofcarparts.Makersofseatbelts,radiatorsandfoamseat-stuffinghavehad

heftyfinesslappedonthem.EarlierthismonththeEuropeanCommissionfinedfive

makersofautomotivebearingsatotalof953m(1.32billion).Thisweekitsinvestigators

raidedabunchofmakersofcarexhausts.Alsoinrecentdays,Brazilianprosecutorshave

chargedexecutivesfromadozenforeigntrain-makersaccusedofriggingbidsforrailand

subwaycontractsinthecountry'smaincities.Price-fixinghasinfectedhighfinance,too.

Someofbanking'sbiggestnamesstandaccusedoffiddlinginterest-rateandforeign-

exchangebenchmarks.Thegoodnewsisthatenforcementhasgottougher,smarterand

muruuooidinalud.Gonearcllicdayswhenpriuc-fixcrsgotaslaponthewrisl.Firmscan

expectswingeingfines,andbossescangotojail.Sincemanycartelsnowoperateacross

borders,sodoinvestigators:AmericanandJapanesetrustbustersjoinedforcestoflush

outthecar-partscartels.Andincentivesforwhistleblowershavealsoincreased:around

50countriesnowofferimmunityorreducedpenaltiesfbrsnitches.Thatisallforthe

better,butthepenaltiesforprice-fixingremaintoomild.Thebeststudyoftheissuesofar

concludedthat,giventhestill-lowriskofdetection,collusionpays.Yetbeyondacertain

point-whichthefinesnowimposedbyAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshave

probablyreached—finesinflictsomuchdamageonguiltycompaniesthatthey

underminecompetitioninsteadofenhancingit.Theanswerisstifferprisonsentences,

particularlyforseniorexecutives.Americancourts,onlytooreadytolockupothertypes

ofmiscreantsforalongtime,haverarelyjailedegregiousprice-fixersforanythinglike

themaximumoftenyearsthatthelawallows.Othercountrieshaveevenmorescopeto

increasesentences.

31、Accordingtothetext,somesecretcartelsareneglectedincluding.

oilenterprises

B、commoditybusiness

C、carrierratefield

D^diamondfield

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在文章的第一段，Butatleastas

damagingarethemanysecretcartelsinsuchunglamorousareasasball-bearingsand

cargorates,whichgoonunnoticedforyears…（然而，至少在单一的领域内,很多秘

密的垄断联盟都可能破坏市场，如轴承和货运费率领域……）与这个信息相对应的

选项刚好是C项carrierratefield"货运费率领域”，所以C项为正确选项。

32、AccordingtoParagraph2,withthethrivingofthecartels.

A、thecompensationclaimsfrominferiorarticlesforcustomershavedecreasedbynow

B、marketssegmentfromproducersismoreprosperousthanbefore

C^thefundtopoorcountriesfromricheconomieswouldfinallyslowdown

D、thecompetitionamongairlineshavebecomeintense

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位在文章的第二段，其中第一句话便体现

了题目的内容，即Collusionamongproducerstorigpricesandcarveupmarketsis

thriving>withthecartelsgrowingevermoreintricateandglobalinscope.（随着卡特尔

垄断联盟变得越来越复杂且在全球范围内越来越广，制造商们相互勾结，操纵价

格，割据市场。）而与这个信息相匹配的选项刚好是B项marketssegmentfrom

producersismoreprosperousthanbefbre”生产商割据市场的现象比之前更多”，故B

项为正确选项。

33、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.

A、theglobalnetworkofcartelsamongsupplierswilllosefaithinthecompetitive

market

B、moreBraziliantrainmarketswouldbeaccusedforthereasonofcartels

C、foreigntrainmakerswoulddisruptthefairintherailwaybusinessinBrazil

D、interestratewillbedecreasedduetothepricefixingpolicy

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。解决此类题目的关键是通读对应段落后，找到四个选项

在段落中的位置，第三段中Alsoinrecentdays,Brazilianprosecutorshavecharged

executivesfromadozenforeigntrain-makersaccusedofriggingbidsforrailandsubway

contractsinthecountry'smaincities.（最近几天，巴西检方对十几个国外火车制造

商高管提起公诉，主要是因为他们在国内主要城市中垄断铁轨和地铁合同的竞标活

动。）与这个信息相对应的选项刚好是C项foreigntrainmakerswoulddisruptthefair

intherailwaybusinessinBrazil”外国火车制造商会打乱巴西铁路行业的公平”，故C

项为正确选项。

34、Whatkindofsupplementaryconditionscanhelpcontrolunfairmonopoly?

A、Moretougherenforcementcanbemade.

B、Leicompaniesoperateincrosstradecondition.

C、Themechanismofrewardswhistleblowers.

D、Wisermeasurescanbeprovided.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第四段，定位句的内容为And

incentivesforwhistleblowershavealsoincreased：around50countriesnowoffer

immunityorreducedpenaltiesforsnitches.（此外，对揭发者的奖励也有所增加：如

今约50个国家免除对揭发者惩罚或减少对其的处罚。）与这个信息相对应的选项刚

好是C项Themechanismofrewardswhistleblowers”奖励告密者机制”，所以C项为

正确选项。

35、Thebesttitleofthistextmaybe.

A、Cartels-HopelessStruggle

B、Cartels-MoveSeverePunishment

C、Cartels—ShouldbeMotivated

D、Cartels—aBadState

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。解决此类题目的关键是，通过做完前四道题，大体猜出

文章的中心，再次通读各段首句，验证中心，整个文章都是在讲述商业组织的联合

体机制在被打破，政府采取各种措施，而B项Cartcls—MoveSeverePunishment刚

好可以对应，所以B项为正确选项。

Consuminghigh-qualityplantfoodssuchaswholegrains,fruits,vegetables,nutsand

legumesmaysubstantiallylowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes,researchersincluding

oneofIndian-originhaveclaimed."Thisstudyhighlightsthatevenmoderatedietary

changesinthedirectionofahealthfulplant-baseddietcanplayasignificantroleinthe

preventionoftype2diabetes,nsaidAmbikaSatijafromHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolof

PublicHealthintheUS."Thesefindingsprovidefurtherevidencetosupportcurrent

dietaryrecommendationsforchronicdiseaseprevention,"shesaid.Whileprevious

studieshavefoundlinksbetweenvegetariandietsandimprovedhealthoutcomes,

includingreducedriskoftype2diabetes,thisnewstudyisthefirsttomakedistinctions

betweenhealthyplant-baseddietsandlesshealthyonesthatincludethingslike

sweetenedfoodsandbeverages,whichmaybedetrimentalforhealth.Thestudyalso

consideredtheeffectofincludingsomeanimalfoodsinthediet.Researchersfollowed

morethan200,000maleandfemalehealthprofessionalsintheUSformorethan20years

whohadregularlyfilledoutquestionnairesontheirdiet,lifestyle,medicalhistory,and

newdiseasediagnosesaspartofthreelargelong-termstudies.Theyevaluated

participants'dietsusingaplant-baseddietindexinwhichtheyassignedplant-derived

foodshigherscoresandanimal-derivedfoodslowerscores.Thestudyfoundthathigh

adherencetoaplant-baseddietthatwaslowinanimalfoodswasassociatedwitha20

percentreducedriskoftype2diabetescomparedwithlowadherencetosuchadiet,

researcherssaid.Eatingahealthyversionofaplant-baseddietwaslinkedwitha34per

centlowerdiabetesrisk,whilealesshealthyversion-includingfoodssuchasrefined

grains,potatoes,andsugar-swcctcncdbeverages—waslinkedwitha16percent

increasedrisk,theysaid.Evenmodestlyloweringanimalfoodconsumption—for

example,from5-6servingsperdaytoabout4servingsperday—waslinkedwithlower

diabetesincidence,thestudyfound."Ashifttoadietarypatternhigherinhealthfulplant­

basedfoods,suchasvegetables,fruits,wholegrains,legumes,nuts,andseeds,andlower

inanimal-basedfoods,especiallyredandprocessedmeats,canconfersubstantialhealth

benefitsinreducingriskoftype2diabetes,"saidFrankHufromHarvardChanSchool.

Researcherssuggestthathealthfulplant-baseddietscouldbeloweringtype2diabetes

riskbecausesuchdietsarehighinfiber,antioxidants,unsaturatedfattyacids,and

micronutrientssuchasmagnesium,andarelowinsaturatedfat.Healthyplantfoodsmay

alsobecontributingtoahealthygutmicrobiome,theysaid.

36、ThestudybyHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolufPublicHealthreveals山al.

A、peoplehavingtype2diabetesshouldnoteatgrainsbutvegetables

type2diabetesisdifficulttobepreventedandcured

C>vegetarianswillnotgetchronicdiseasesliketype2diabetes

D、takingmorevegetableswillreducetheriskoftype2diabetes

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。第一段提到“食用优质植物性食物……能够大幅降低2

型糖尿病的发病风险”，故D项为正确选项。

37、Fromthenewstudy,wecaninferthat.

A>sweetfruitjuiceandbeveragesarcbeneficialtoourhealth

B、animalfoodsshouldnotbeincludedinourdietlorthesakeofhealth

C、friedpotatoesarehealthyfoodcomparingwithanimalfoods

D>eatinglessmeatishelpfultoreducethediabetesincidence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。第五段提到“高植物性、低动物性的饮食结构能把患2

型糖尿病的风险降低20%”，故D项为正确选项。

38、Abouttype2diabetes,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A、Eatingvegetables,fruitsandrefinedgrainscoulddecreaseitsrisk.

B、Thedietarypatternincludingvegetables,legumesetc.isbeneficial.

C、Dietshavinglessanimalfoodscoulddecreaseitsrisksto30percent.

D、Plant-baseddietcouldmakeitsriskdecreaseto34percent.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据文章最后一段“向多吃健康的植物性膳食结构，如

蔬菜、水果、全谷类、豆类、坚果和种子……转变”，可知B项为正确选项。

39、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrefinedgrainsis

A、supportive

B、indifferent

C>negative

D、critical

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度方向题。第六段第一句提到，,、而不太健康的植物性饮食方式-

-包括精制谷物、土豆和含糖饮料在内的各种食物——反而可能把这个风险升高

16%”，可知精制谷物对健康有害，故作者对精制谷物的态度是否定的，故C项为

正确选项。

40>Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe.

A^Plant-BasedDietMayLowerRiskofType2Diabetes

B、BetterNottoEatTooManyAnimalFoods

C、WeShouldEatVegetableFoodstoPreventChronicDiseases

D、Plant-BasedDietwithHighFiberandLowFatIsBeneficial

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：主旨大意题。全文主要讨论的是素食能降低患2型糖尿病的风险，所

以A项是最佳标题。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwo

extrasubheadingswhichyoud