北京西城区2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题（含答案）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页北京西城区2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。A

Thereareplentyofwaysforstudentstoearnvolunteerhoursonlinewhilepursuingtheirinterests.Butwhatiftheirhobbiesdonotmatchthevolunteeropportunitiesofferedbytheirschool？Inthatcase，theycanexplorelocaloronlinevolunteeroptionsinstead.

Wehaveputtogetheralistofresourcestohelpyouandyourteenagechildrendiscoverbothin-personandvirtualcommunityserviceopportunities：

1.BeMyEyes

Idealfor：studentswholovehelpingothersandinteractingwithpeoplefromdiversecultures

Servicetype：Virtual

BeMyEyesisamobileappthatconnectsblinduserswithsightedvolunteersthroughlivevideocalls.Ithelpsthe285millionblindorvisuallyimpaired（受损的）peoplearoundtheworldtackledailychallenges.

Teenvolunteerscaninteractwithusersfromacrosstheglobeonthisplatform.Sincetheappservesusersinmanycountriesandlanguages，bilingualvolunteersarealwaysinhighdemand.Itisagreatopportunitytosocializeandpracticeforeignlanguageskills.

2.Zooniverse

Idealfor：studentsinterestedinspace，biology，nature，medicine，andsocialsciences

Servicetype：Virtual

Zooniverseisanengagingcitizen-scienceresearchplatformthatoffersvolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Participantscanhelpdiscoverdistantplanets，classifyanimals，andanalyzefossilteeth.

3.Catchafire

Idealfor：studentshopingtobuildprofessionalskillsinmarketing，IT，socialmedia，projectmanagement，websitedevelopment，andrelatedfields

Servicetype：Virtual

Highschoolstudentscanearnvolunteerhoursorparticipateinlong-termcommunityprojectshere.Theymayassistvariousorganizationswithmanagingsocialmediaaccounts，photoediting，writingthank-younotes，andothertasks.

VolunteeropportunitiesonCatchafireareespeciallybeneficialforseniorstudents，astheycangainpracticalworkexperiencewhilecontributingtomeaningfulcauses.

4.TeenLife

Idealfor：studentspassionateaboutanimalcare，supportingpeoplewithspecialneeds，helpingthehomeless，internationalaid，environmentalprotectionandliteracyeducation

Servicetype：Virtual&In-person

TeenLifeoffersaccesstomorethan10，000academicandpracticalvolunteeropportunitiesforteenagers.Thispowerfulsearchplatformconnectsparents，teens，andschoolcounselorsnationwide.DesignedforstudentsfromGrade7toGrade12，itprovidesbothofflineandonlinecommunityserviceprojects.1.Whichisbestforastudentwhowantstopracticeforeignlanguages？______A.Zooniverse. B.Catchafire. C.BeMyEyes. D.TeenLife.2.WhatcanstudentsdoonZooniverse？______A.Managesocialmediafororganizations.

B.Assisttheblindthroughlivevideos.

C.Engageinresearch-relatedactivities.

D.Supportpeoplewithspecialneeds.3.WhatmakesTeenLifedifferentfromtheotherthreeplatforms？______A.Itoffersbothvirtualandin-personservice.

B.Itisdesignedspecificallyforcollegestudents.

C.ItrequiresvolunteerstohaveprofessionalITskills.

D.Itprovidesopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopengineeringskills.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？______A.Tipsonimprovingacademicgrades.

B.Importanceofenvironmentalprotectionprojects.

C.Waysforteenagerstobuildinternationalfriendships.

D.Resourcesforstudentslookingforvolunteeropportunities.BIhavelongbeenskeptical(怀疑的)abouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.However,afewmonthsago,IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.WhenIreadaboutchangingmyphonetoblack-and-whitemode,Idecidedtotryit.Theresultwassurprising.ThemomentIturnedoffthecolor,Inolongerfeltthesameurgentneedtocheckmyphone.Iexperiencedastrongsenseofrelief.Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut.Afterthat,IbeganleavingmyphoneinanotherroomasImovedaroundthehouse.I’dgohourswithoutcheckingit,ratherthanjustminutes.TheamountoftimeIspentonmyphonedroppedbyabout40percent.Scientistscallthiscondition“problematicsmartphoneuse,”whichreferstothedifficultycontrollingtheurgetouseaphone,oftentothepointthatitaffectsdailylife.Forme,checkingmyphonewasoftenawaytoreduceanxiety.Lifeingrayscale(黑白模式)alsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.Forexample,Isometimeshungupcallsbymistakebecausebothbuttonsweregray.Photosalsolookedstrange,especiallythecolorfulimagessentbymyfamily.However,Idiscoveredthatgameswerelessappealinginblackandwhite,andsocialmediaappsbecamelessinteresting.Gradually,Istartedusingmyphonelessandpayingmoreattentiontoreallife.Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.Ibeganreadingmorebooks,spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,andplanningsocialactivities.Ifoundmyselfenjoyingthesereal-worldexperiencesmorethanusingmyphone.Now,Ifeelthatturningoffcoloronmyphonehasmadememoreawareofthebeautyofreallife.AlthoughIstillusemyphoneeveryday,Inolongerfeelcontrolledbyit.5.Whichsentenceinthepassageexplainswhytheauthorfelt“controlled”byhisphonebeforeusinggrayscale?A.Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.

B.Lifeingrayscalealsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.

C.Ihavelongbeenskepticalabouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.

D.IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut”inParagraph2mostlikelymean?A.Theauthorfoundthephonelessusefulindailylife.

B.Theauthordecidedtostopusingthephonecompletely.

C.Theauthorbecamelessconnectedwithpeoplearoundhim.

D.Theauthornolongerreliedonthephoneasmuchasbefore.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?A.Digitalbehaviorcanbeshapedbysmalladjustments.

B.Technologyshouldreplacereal-lifeinteraction.

C.Phonesarethemainsourceofmodernanxiety.

D.Personalhabitsaredifficulttochange.CExpertbirdwatchershavechangesintheirbrainstructurecomparedwithbeginners,whichprobablyhelpthembetteridentifybirdsandmayevenprotectagainstage-relatedcognitive(认知的)decline.Whenlearningorpractisingaskill,thebrainreorganisesitself,strengtheningandstreamliningrelevantpathways.Thisability,knownasneuroplasticity(神经可塑性),supportsthedevelopmentofexpertskills.Itiswhyprofessionalmusiciansshowstructuralchangesinbrainregionsinvolvedinhearing.Tounderstandwhetherbirdingalsoshapesthebrain,ErikWingatYorkUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedbrainstructureandfunctionin48hobbyistbirders,halfexpertsandhalfbeginners,asjudgedbyascreeningtest.Participantswereaged22to79,andbothgroupsweresimilarintermsofsex,age,andeducation.Whileundergoingbrainscans,theparticipantswereshownanimageofabirdforlessthan4seconds.About10secondslater,theytriedidentifyingthesamebirdfromoneoffourimages,eachshowingadifferentspecies.“Weintentionallypickedhighlyconfusablebirdspecies,”saysWing.Thetaskwasrepeated72times.Intotal,theresearchersusedimagesof18birdspecies—sixofwhichwerelocaland12ofwhichweren’t—astargets.Asexpected,expertbirderscouldidentifybirdsbetterthanbeginners.Onaverage,theyaccuratelyidentified83percentoflocalbirdspeciesand61percentofthenon-localones.Incontrast,beginnerscorrectlyidentified44percentofbothgroupsofbirds.Whileidentifyingnon-localbirds,activityinthreebrainareasincreasedinexpertbirders.Theseareasarethefrontpartofthebrain,aninnerregionrelatedtoattention,andabackpartofthebrainresponsibleforvisualprocessing.Theseareasalsoappearedmoreorganisedandstructurallycomplex.“Itspeakstothewiderangeofcognitiveprocessesthatareinvolvedinbirding,”saysWing.Asweage,structuralcomplexityandorganisationinthebraintendtodecrease.Butthisdeclinewaslesspronouncedinexpertbirders,suggestingbirdingmayhelpbuildcognitivereserve,thebrain’sabilitytodefenditselfagainstageingandadapttodamage.“Itsuggeststhatmaintainingbrainactivitythroughspecialisedabilitiesisalsolinkedtoreducedeffectsofageing,”saysRobertZatorreatMcGillUniversity.However,todeterminewhetherthebrainchangesaretrulyduetobirding,researcherswouldneedtoscanthebrainmultipletimesovermonthsoryears,saysWing.8.Whydidresearcherschoose“highlyconfusablebirdspecies”?A.Tokeepparticipants’attentiononbirds.

B.Tobettertestrealbird-identificationskills.

C.Toreducethetimeneededfortheexperiment.

D.Toconcentrateonrarebirdsfromothercountries.9.Whichfindingbestsupportstheideaof“cognitivereserve”?A.Beginnersrelyonmemoryratherthanobservation.

B.Beginnershaveloweraccuracyinbirdidentification.

C.Expertsexperienceslowerage-relatedcognitivedecline.

D.Expertsshowincreasedactivityinthreedifferentbrainareas.10.Toimprovethestudy,researchersshould________.A.testonlylocalbirds

B.usefewerbirdspecies

C.involveonlyexpertbirders

D.followparticipantsoverseveralyears11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyBirdsAreHardtoIdentify

B.HowNatureImprovesMentalHealth

C.BirdwatchingMayReshapetheBrain

D.TheAgeDifferenceBetweenExpertBirdersDPollutionismakingmanycitiesincreasinglyunlivableforpeople,butitisalsotearingantfamiliesandcommunitiesapart.Antsrecogniseoneanotherbydetectingathinlayerofhydrocarbonsontheirexoskeletons;eachcommunityhasitsowndistinctive“smell”.However,anewstudyrevealsthatozoneemissions(臭氧排放)canchangethestructureofthesehydrocarbons.Afterantsareexposedtourbanaircontainingaround100partsperbillionofozone,theirnestmatesnolongerrecognisethem.Someareattackedbymembersoftheirowncommunity,whileothersneglectlarvae(幼虫)exposedtoozone,leavingthemtodie.Thisstoryisacaseofanthropomorphism—projectinghumancharacteristicsontonon-humancreatures.Althoughmanyscientistscriticiseanthropomorphismasmisleading,othersdrawparallelsbetweenantsandhumanstoexplaintheevolution(进化)ofselflessnessandsocialnetworks.Famously,entomologistE.O.Wilsonusedantsasevidenceforhistheoryof“sociobiology,”whichsuggeststhatmanyanimalbehavioursresultfromevolutionarynecessity.EvolutionarybiologistStephenJayGould,however,criticisedthisideaas“biologicaldeterminism,”warningthatitcouldjustifyunfairgeneticpolicies.Butsomethingfundamentalhaschanged.DeborahGordon,aStanfordbiologist,discoveredthatantbehaviourcanbeunderstoodalgorithmically(以算法的方式).Workingwithcomputerscientists,sheshowedthatantsallocatetasksthroughdistributedsignallingnetworks.Ifaworkerantdiscoversalargefoodsource,sheleavesbehindachemicaltrailforotherstofollow.Otherantsdetectthesignalandrealisethatmorefood-searchingantsareneeded,droppingwhattheyaredoingtojointhetask.Thereisnoleader.Gordonnicknamedthisprocess“theanternet”becauseitworkslikethewaycomputernetworksmanagedataflow.Algorithmicdeterminismhasreplacedbiologicaldeterminism,buttheresultforantsremainsthesame:humanscontinuetousethemasexamplesratherthanappreciatingthemascreatureswiththeirowndistinctformsofsociallife.Thisbringsusbacktopollution.Gordon’santernetdependsonantsfromthesamecommunitymeeting,exchanginginformation,anddeterminingwhethertoassisttheirsisters.Butwhenozonechangestheirhydrocarbons,theycannolongerrecogniseoneanotherandcooperateeffectively.Thecollapseofcommunicationcouldultimatelyleadtothedeathofthecommunity.Tohumans,thismayseeminsignificant.Butwesharetheplanetwithothercreatures.Ifwefailtolimitozonepollution,wemaydestroyentiresocialsystemsbeyondourown.Perhapsitistimeweshouldstopusingantsasexamplesforourselvesandourmachines,andstartcaringaboutwhotheyreallyare.12.Whatabilityismostaffectedafterozoneexposureinants?A.Theabilitytorecognizenestmates.

B.Theabilitytolocatefoodsources.

C.Theabilitytofindtheirnests.

D.Theabilitytocallforhelp.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“drawparallels”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Identifysimilarities. B.Createconflicts.

C.Conductexperiments. D.Developtheories.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“anternet”describedinthepassage?A.Itreducestheneedforantstodetectchemicals.

B.Itdependsheavilyonreliablecommunicationsignals.

C.Itrequiresaleadertoorganizefood-searchingbehaviour.

D.Itwasdevelopedbycomputerscientistsandlaterusedtostudyants.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardusingantsasexamplesforhumansormachines?A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Indifferent.二、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。Whentheseaturtledidn'tdive,HerbandRhondaknewsomethingwaswrong.InAugust2022,thecouplewasoutontheirboatfishingintheChesapeakeBaynearthemouthoftheChoptankRiverwhenHerbbrieflysawaseaturtleatthe

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ofthewater.RhondahadneverseenaseaturtleintheBaybeforeandwantedtogetacloserlook—maybeeventakea

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—sotheyturnedback,hopingtheymightseeitagain.

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,theturtlestayedinthesameplace,not

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evenwhentheydrewnear.

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,HerbandRhondacalledtheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources.TheDNRhelpedthem

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theNationalAquariumAnimalRescue.Herbsentphotosandvideosoftheanimaltotheorganizationanditsmanager,KateShaffer,whoaskedhimtorecordhowoftentheturtlewasbreathing.Basedonthe

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,Katerealizedtheturtlewasin

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andneededimmediaterescue.Becausetheseaturtlewassolarge,theaquariumteam

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helpfromtheMarylandNaturalResourcesPolicetobringitashore.HerbandRhondastayedbesidetheturtlefortwohourswhilethepoliceteamrushedtothescene."Ourboathasanelectricmotor,sowecouldfloatbesideitwithoutdisturbingitandkeepaclose

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,"Herbsaid.Rhondakeptspeaking

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totheturtle.reassuringitthathelpwasontheway.ThepolicebroughttheturtletoshoreandmetKate.Sheconfirmedthatitsvitalsignswerenormal,soitcouldbetransportedtoBaltimore.There,rescueandveterinarystaffcarriedoutacomprehensive

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andbeganmedicaltreatment.Forawhile,theturtle'ssurvivalwasuncertain.Luckily,aftermonthsoftreatmentandcare,itsconditiongraduallyimproved.OnMay10,ninemonthsafterthediscovery,HerbandRhondajoinedtheaquariumrescueteamtosaygoodbyetotheturtle.Theturtlecrawledontothesand,spunaroundasifshowing

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toeveryone,andthenslippedbackintothesea.ToHerbandRhonda,thisturtleservesasa(n)

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:whenweobserveandprotectthelivingcreaturesaroundus,wenotonlysavewildlifespeciesbutalsopreservethebeautyofnaturedeepinourhearts.Theexperienceleftadeepimpressiononthecouple.Theynowencourageotherstostay

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andreportanyinjuredwildlifetheyencounter.Thiseventbecameanunforgettableexperienceforthem.16.A.surface B.bottom C.center D.edge17.A.break B.ride C.photo D.chance18.A.Obviously B.Unfortunately C.Hopefully D.Surprisingly19.A.moving B.breathing C.eating D.floating20.A.Excited B.Concerned C.Disappointed D.Relaxed21.A.join B.visit C.contact D.locate22.A.time B.plan C.environment D.information23.A.fear B.danger C.peace D.doubt24.A.refused B.avoided C.requested D.ignored25.A.watch B.touch C.track D.tie26.A.loudly B.softly C.nervously D.angrily27.A.survey B.review C.examination D.study28.A.courage B.interest C.worries D.thanks29.A.researcher B.observer C.volunteer D.reminder30.A.aware B.calm C.fresh D.friendly三、单句语法填空：本大题共8小题，共12分。31.Beethoven

(compose)hisNinthSymphonybetween1822and1824.(所给词的适当形式填空)32.Doyouknowthereason

wemustsavewater?(用适当的词填空)33.Heasked

Icouldshowhimhowtooperatetheairconditioner.(用适当的词填空)34.I

(start)makingmusicvideosthreeyearsagoandIamveryfondofit.(所给词的适当形式填空)35.Theforest

manyrarebirdslivehasbeenbetterprotected.(用适当的词填空)36.China

(make)greatprogressinAItechnologyoverthepastfewyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)37.

allrolemodelspassdowntousisthenoblespiritofdevotionandresponsibility.(用适当的词填空)38.Themoment

therobotcompletedthetasksuccessfullyexcitedthewholeteam.(用适当的词填空)四、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共13分。39.Iusedtohaveanextremelypoornaturalmemory.Iconstantlystruggledtoremembernames,dates,andvocabulary,andanynewknowledgeIlearnedwouldquicklyslipfrommymind.Discouragedbythisweakness,Idecidedtomasterprofessionalmemorytechniques.Asacompetitorinmysixties,IwontheAustralianMemoryChampionshipsinboth2017and2018.Overthepastdecade,Ihavebuiltkilometresofmemorypalacestostoreawiderangeofknowledge,includinggeography,foreignvocabulary,andmuchmore.Thememorypalace,alsoknownasthemethodofloci,isanancienttechniqueoriginatinginAncientGreece.Simplyput,itisacustomizedmentalspacewherepeoplestoreandorganizeinformation.Unlikerotememorization,itrequiresdeepunderstandingratherthanblindrepetition.Ifollowseveralclearstepstobuildmyownmemorypalaces.First,Ichooseafamiliarlocation,suchasmyhouse,andarrangefixedspotsinaclearorder,suchasthefrontdoor,thebookcase,andthetable.Second,Iattachinformationtotheselocationsbycreatingvividandstrikingmentalassociations.Third,Irepeatedlytakeamentalwalkthroughthespaceinordertobecomefamiliarwiththesequence.Ialsofollowaruleofmarkingeveryfifthlocationforeasierrecall,whichhelpspreventmefrommissinganyinformation.Ihavegainedmanybenefitsfromthispowerfultechnique.Itnotonlyhelpsmememorizeinformationefficientlybutalsoallowsmetokeepknowledgeforalongtime.Thisworksbecausethehippocampusinourbrainishighlysensitivetospatialinformation(空间信息).Bylinkingknowledgetospecificlocations,Icantransfershort-termmemoriesintolong-termones,whilevividmentalassociationsfurtherstrengthenrecall.Inaddition,thismethodimprovescognitiveabilitiessuchasconcentrationandcuriosity.Withknowledgeclearlyorganizedinmymind,Iamabletoconnectunrelatedideasandstimulatecreativity.Thistechniqueissuitableforeverylearner.EventhoughIamnotnaturallygoodatvisualizingimages,Icanstillmemorizeeffectivelythroughlogicalstoriesandassociations.Ihavebuiltvariousmemorypalacesforgeography,history,andforeignlanguageswithoutbeinglimitedbyphysicalspace.InsteadofdependingentirelyontheInternettosearchforinformation,Ifirmlyinternalizeknowledge.Withregularscientificreview,theinformationcanremaininmymemoryforyears.Inconclusion,thememorypalaceisaneasy-to-learnskillthatcangreatlyimprovebothlearningefficiencyandmemorycapacity.(1)Whydidthewriterstartlearningprofessionalmemorytechniques?(不多于9个单词)______________________________________________________________________________(2)Whatisamemorypalace?(不多于12个单词)_____________________________________________________________________________(3)Howdoesthewritersupp