【2017考研】全国统考英语一历年真题（含答案详解）

【2017考研】全国统考英语一历年真题（含答案详解）一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。请将所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。）1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtismostaccurate?A.Languagedeterminesthestructureofourthoughts.B.Thoughtprocessesareentirelyindependentoflinguisticframeworks.C.Languageandthoughtaredeeplyintertwined,influencingeachotherreciprocally.D.Thecomplexityoflanguagedirectlycorrelateswiththecomplexityofcognitiveabilities.2.Theauthor'sprimaryargumentinthepassageisthat:A.Linguisticrelativismhasbeendefinitivelydisprovenbyrecentresearch.B.Sapir-Whorfhypothesisremainscontroversialduetoinsufficientempiricalevidence.C.Culturaldifferencessignificantlyshapelinguisticcategorizationofreality.D.Universalgrammaticalstructuresexistacrossallhumanlanguages.3.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratestheconceptoflinguisticdeterminismasdiscussedinthepassage?A.EnglishspeakersusedifferentvocabularyforcolorsthanJapanesespeakers.B.Speakersofdifferentlanguagesperceivetimedifferently.C.TheEskimolanguageswithnumeroussnowtermsdemonstrateculturaladaptation.D.Childrenwholearnsecondlanguagesdevelopdifferentcognitiveabilitiesthanmonolinguals.4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheSapir-Whorfhypothesis:A.Hasbeencompletelyabandonedbymodernlinguists.B.Providesastraightforwardexplanationforalllinguisticdiversity.C.Shouldberevisedtoemphasizeculturalinfluencesonlanguage.D.Primarilyconcernsitselfwithphonologicaldifferencesbetweenlanguages.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainlimitationoftheexperimentalstudiescited?A.Theyrelytooheavilyonbilingualparticipants.B.Theyfailtocontrolforculturalbackgroundvariables.C.Theyfocusexclusivelyonwrittenlanguageratherthanspokenforms.D.Theymeasurelinguisticeffectsoncognitionratherthanviceversa.6.Theauthormentionsthe"colorcircle"experimentto:A.Demonstratethatlinguisticcategoriesarearbitrary.B.Supporttheideathatlanguageshapesperceptionofcolor.C.Showthatallculturescategorizecolorsimilarly.D.Argueagainsttheuniversalityofcolorperception.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlinguisticrelativityismostaccuratelydescribedasa"strongversion"oftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?A.Languageinfluencesthoughtbutdoesnotdetermineit.B.Linguisticcategoriesdirectlyshapecognitiveframeworks.C.Allthoughtsareinherentlylinguistic.D.Culturalbackgrounddetermineslanguageacquisition.8.Thepassageindicatesthat:A.Linguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativityareidenticalconcepts.B.MostmodernlinguistssupportastrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis.C.Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtremainsasubjectofscholarlydebate.D.Culturalinfluencesonlanguagearenegligibleinshapingthought.9.WhichofthefollowingfindingswouldmoststronglysupporttheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?A.Childrenwholearnsignlanguagedevelopdifferentspatialreasoningabilities.B.Speakersofdifferentlanguagesdemonstratesimilarproblem-solvingstrategies.C.Linguisticdifferencesbetweencultureshavenoimpactoncognitiveprocesses.D.Bilingualindividualsshownodifferencesincognitiveflexibility.10.Theauthorconcludesthat:A.Languageandthoughtarecompletelyseparatedomainsofhumancognition.B.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesishasbeendefinitivelyprovenbycurrentevidence.C.Culturalandlinguisticfactorsinteractincomplexwaystoshapecognition.D.Languageprimarilyservesasatoolforcommunicationratherthancognition.二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。请将答案写在答题卡上。）1.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthat___________influences___________.2.Linguisticdeterminismreferstotheideathat___________.3.The"Eskimowordsforsnow"exampleillustratestheconceptof___________.4.The"colorcircle"experimentwasdesignedtotesttherelationshipbetween___________and___________.5.A"weakversion"oftheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhat___________.6.Theterm"linguisticrelativity"referstothehypothesisthat___________.7.Thepassagementionsthatthestudyof___________hasprovidedinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.8.Accordingtothepassage,therelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtis___________.9.Theauthornotesthat___________isasignificantfactorinshapinglinguisticcategories.10.Thepassagesuggeststhatthestudyof___________canhelpusunderstandhowlanguageshapesthought.三、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。请将答案写在答题卡上。正确的涂“T”，错误的涂“F”。）1.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisandlinguisticdeterminismareidenticalconcepts.(T/F)2.Thepassagesupportstheideathatlanguagecompletelydeterminesthought.(T/F)3.The"Eskimowordsforsnow"exampledemonstratesthatlanguageshapesperceptionofreality.(T/F)4.Accordingtothepassage,allculturescategorizecolorinthesameway.(T/F)5.Theauthorconcludesthatlinguisticrelativityhasbeendefinitivelyprovenbycurrentevidence.(T/F)6.Thepassagesuggeststhatculturalbackgroundhasnoinfluenceonlanguage.(T/F)7.The"colorcircle"experimentprovidedevidencethatlanguageshapesperceptionofcolor.(T/F)8.Theauthormentionsthatlinguisticdeterminismhasbeencompletelydisprovenbyrecentresearch.(T/F)9.Thepassageindicatesthatbilingualindividualshavenodifferencesincognitiveabilities.(T/F)10.Theauthorconcludesthatlanguageandthoughtarecompletelyseparatedomainsofhumancognition.(T/F)四、简答题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分。请将答案写在答题卡上。）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenlinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity.2.DescribethemainargumentoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis.3.Howdoesthe"Eskimowordsforsnow"examplesupporttheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?4.Whatisthepurposeofthe"colorcircle"experimentmentionedinthepassage?5.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainlimitationsofexperimentalstudiesonlinguisticrelativity?6.Explainwhatismeantbya"strongversion"oftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis.7.Howdoesthepassagedescribetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought?8.Whatevidencedoesthepassageprovidethatculturalfactorsinfluencelanguage?五、应用题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共24分。请将答案写在答题卡上。）1.ImagineyouareconductingastudytotesttheSapir-Whorfhypothesis.Describetheresearchdesign,includingtheparticipants,materials,andprocedures.2.HowmighttheSapir-Whorfhypothesisexplaindifferencesinhowdifferentculturesperceivetime?3.Describeareal-worldexampleofhowlanguagemightshapethoughtinaspecificculturalgroup.4.HowmightbilingualindividualsbeaffectedbytheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?5.Imagineyouareteachingacourseontherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.Whatkeyconceptswouldyouwanttoemphasize?6.HowmighttheSapir-Whorfhypothesisberelevanttounderstandingcross-culturalcommunication?7.DescribeapotentiallimitationoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisandhowitmightbeaddressed.8.Howmightadvancesinneuro语言学researchinfluenceourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought?【