定语从句专项练习题及详解50题

定语从句专项练习题及详解50题定语从句作为英语语法中的核心模块，既是理解复杂句式的基础，也是写作中提升表达精度的关键。它通过对名词或代词进行修饰限定，使句意更丰富、逻辑更严密。然而，关系代词与关系副词的选择、先行词的判断以及从句内部的语序，常常是学习者面临的难点。本次专项练习精选50道典型题目，覆盖基础概念到进阶应用，每题均附详细解析，旨在帮助读者系统梳理知识点，强化语境中的运用能力。一、定语从句核心知识点简述定语从句由关系词（关系代词/关系副词）引导，修饰主句中的先行词。关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词（when,where,why）则在从句中作状语，分别指代时间、地点与原因。掌握定语从句的关键在于：准确判断先行词的性质（人、物、时间、地点等），明确关系词在从句中的语法功能，并结合语境区分限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法差异。二、练习题及详解基础应用篇(1-20题)1.题目：Thegirl______isstandingatthedoorismysister.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose答案：A详解：先行词为"thegirl"（指人），且关系词在从句中作主语，故用"who"。"whom"作宾语，"which"指物，"whose"表所属，均不符合。2.题目：Thisisthebook______Iborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what答案：C详解：先行词"thebook"为物，关系词在从句中作宾语，"which"或"that"均可，选项中只有"which"。"what"不能引导定语从句。3.题目：Doyouknowtheman______wemetatthepartyyesterday?A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.he答案：B详解：先行词"theman"指人，关系词在从句中作"met"的宾语，应用宾格"whom"或省略关系词。此处选项中"whom"为正确答案。4.题目：Thehouse______windowsfacesouthisourclassroom.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.its答案：C详解：先行词"thehouse"与从句中的"windows"存在所属关系，即“房子的窗户”，故用关系代词"whose"作定语。5.题目：Istillremembertheday______Ifirstcametothisschool.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.onthat答案：B详解：先行词"theday"指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用"when"，相当于"onwhich"。"that"前不可加介词，故"onthat"错误。6.题目：Thisisthereason______hewaslateforclass.A.whyB.whichC.whatD.forthat答案：A详解：先行词"thereason"表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用"why"，相当于"forwhich"。"forthat"表达不正确。7.题目：Thecity______Iwasbornisverybeautiful.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that答案：B详解：先行词"thecity"指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用"where"，相当于"inwhich"。8.题目：Anyone______breakstheruleswillbepunished.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.whose答案：B详解：先行词"anyone"指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用"who"。"whom"仅作宾语。9.题目：Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what答案：A详解：当先行词为指物的不定代词（如anything,nothing,everything等）时，关系代词通常用"that"而不用"which"。10.题目：Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who答案：B详解：当先行词被形容词最高级（best）修饰时，关系代词用"that"而不用"which"。11.题目：Theman______youtalkedtojustnowisourheadmaster.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.he答案：B详解：先行词"theman"指人，关系词在从句中作介词"to"的宾语，应用"whom"，此处也可省略关系词。12.题目：Idon'tlikethestories______haveunhappyendings.A.thatB.theyC.whoD.where答案：A详解：先行词"thestories"指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用"that"或"which"。选项中"that"正确。13.题目：Sheistheonlystudent______cansolvethisproblem.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.what答案：C详解：先行词"theonlystudent"被"theonly"修饰，且指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用"who"或"that"。选项中"who"正确。14.题目：Tellmeeverything______youknowabouttheaccident.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who答案：B详解：先行词"everything"是不定代词，关系代词用"that"。15.题目：Thepen______Iwriteisveryexpensive.A.withwhichB.whichC.bywhichD.withthat答案：A详解：“用钢笔写字”表达为"writewiththepen"，先行词"thepen"指物，关系词在从句中作介词"with"的宾语，故用"withwhich"。"that"前不可加介词，故"withthat"错误。16.题目：Helivesinaroom______windowopenstothesouth.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.where答案：C详解：先行词"aroom"与"window"为所属关系，即“房间的窗户”，用"whose"作定语。17.题目：Thisisthefactory______myfatherworkedtenyearsago.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when答案：A详解：先行词"thefactory"指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语（workedinthefactory），故用"where"，相当于"inwhich"。A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which答案：C19.题目：I'llneverforgetthetime______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.onwhich答案：B详解：先行词"thetime"在从句中作"spent"的宾语（spentthetime），而非时间状语，故用关系代词"which"或"that"。注意区分先行词在从句中作状语还是宾语。20.题目：Isthisthemuseum______youvisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.theone答案：B详解：先行词"themuseum"在从句中作"visited"的宾语，应用关系代词"that"或"which"，也可省略。"where"和"inwhich"在从句中作状语，不符合此处语法结构。进阶提升篇(21-40题)21.题目：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools______hehadvisited.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom答案：C详解：当先行词既指人（teachers）又指物（schools）时，关系代词只能用"that"。22.题目：Thisistheverybook______I'vebeenlookingfor.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who答案：B详解：先行词被"thevery"修饰时，关系代词用"that"。23.题目：Thereisnooneintheworld______makesnomistakes.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that答案：B详解：先行词"noone"指人，在从句中作主语，用"who"。虽然"that"也可指人作主语，但"who"更常用于指人的不定代词后。24.题目：Thefirstthing______shouldbedoneistomakeaplan.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who答案：B详解：先行词被序数词"thefirst"修饰时，关系代词用"that"。25.题目：Weneedaleader______canmakefirmdecisions.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.what答案：C详解：先行词"aleader"指人，在从句中作主语，用"who"。26.题目：Thenovel______I'mreadingisveryinteresting.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.why答案：A详解：先行词"thenovel"指物，在从句中作"reading"的宾语，用"which"或"that"。27.题目：Whoisthegirl______istalkingwithyourbrother?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom答案：B详解：当主句以"who"或"which"开头时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用"that"引导。28.题目：Thisisthesamebike______Ilostlastweek.A.asB.thatC.whichD.who答案：A详解："thesame...as..."表示“与...同样的（但非同一个）”；"thesame...that..."表示“正是那一个”。此处语境更可能是“和我上周丢的那辆一样的自行车”，而非同一辆，故用"as"。若上下文明确是同一辆，则可用"that"。此处"as"为最佳答案。A.asB.thatC.whichD.what答案：A详解：当先行词被"such"修饰时，关系代词用"as"，构成"such...as..."结构，"as"在从句中充当成分（此处作宾语）。30.题目：Heisnottheman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which答案：C详解：当先行词为"theman/person"，且关系词在从句中作表语时，常用"that"引导，且"that"常可省略。此处"heusedtobe"中，关系词作表语。31.题目：Thescientist______wemetyesterdayhasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.he答案：B详解：先行词"thescientist"指人，在从句中作"met"的宾语，用"whom"。32.题目：Ihavetwosisters,______aredoctors.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhomC.bothwhoD.theyboth答案：B详解：这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词"twosisters"。表示“两者都”用"bothofwhom"，"whom"指代先行词，作介词"of"的宾语。"bothofthem"和"theyboth"会使句子变成两个独立分句，中间需用句号或分号，此处不合适。33.题目：China,______isagreatcountry,hasalonghistory.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where答案：A详解：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词"China"（物），关系词在从句中作主语，用"which"。非限制性定语从句不能用"that"引导。A.whichB.thatC.whatD.this答案：A35.题目：Wevisitedthefactory______carsaremade.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案：B详解：先行词"thefactory"在从句中作地点状语（carsaremadeinthefactory），故用"where"，相当于"inwhich"。36.题目：I'llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogetherinthecountryside.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.onthat答案：A详解：先行词"thedays"在从句中作时间状语（workedduringthedays），用"when"，相当于"duringwhich"。A.whyB.whichC.forwhichD.what答案：B38.题目：Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______knowsFrench.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose答案：A详解：先行词为"theonlyone"（指人），而非"students"，关系词在从句中作主语，故用"who"。注意"oneof+复数名词"后的定语从句，谓语动词通常用复数；但"theonlyoneof+复数名词"后的定语从句，谓语动词用单数，因为先行词是"theonlyone"。39.题目：Ihaveafriend______fatherisafamousartist.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that答案：C详解：先行词"afriend"与从句中"fathe