2026年广东省北师大版高一英语上册第9单元阅读理解专项训练

2026年广东省北师大版高一英语上册第9单元阅读理解专项训练一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage"TheSecretLifeofTrees,"theauthorprimarilyuseswhichrhetoricaldevicetoexplainhowtreescommunicatewitheachother?A)MetaphorB)PersonificationC)HyperboleD)Alliteration.（解析：本题考查第9单元第3课修辞手法知识点。文中作者将树木拟人化，描述它们通过化学信号和物理振动交流，如“treeswhispertoeachotherthroughundergroundnetworksoffungi.”，明显运用了拟人手法。Metaphor（暗喻）指直接将A说成B，文中未直接比喻树木为其他事物；Hyperbole（夸张）指过度放大，文中描述符合自然现象而非夸张；Alliteration（头韵）指首字母重复，非主要修辞。故选B。）2.Accordingto"TheHiddenWorldofCoralReefs,"whatisthemostsignificantthreattocoralbiodiversityasmentionedinthearticle?A)TouristactivitiesB)OceanacidificationC)OverfishingD)Pollutionfromfactories.（解析：本题考查第9单元第5课环境问题知识点。文中明确指出“risingcarbondioxidelevelsarecausingoceanacidification,whichdissolvescoralskeletons,”并列举数据表明酸化率上升最快。选项A虽提及但非核心；C和D是次要问题，文中强调的是全球性酸化威胁。）3.In"ThePowerofSmallActs,"theauthoruseswhichtypeofevidencetosupporttheideathatindividualactionscancreatelarge-scalechange?A)StatisticaldataB)PersonalanecdotesC)ScientificresearchD)Experttestimonials.（解析：本题考查第9单元第2课论证方法知识点。文中通过讲述作者亲身经历（如“asinglelettertoapoliticianledtoanationwidepolicychange”），以个人故事证明观点。Statisticaldata（统计数据）和scientificresearch（科研）文中未直接引用；experttestimonials（专家证言）虽可能存在但非主要。故选B。）4."TheArtofTimeManagement"describesatechniquecalled"timeblocking."Whatdoesthistechniqueprimarilyhelpstudentsachieve?A)ReducingstressB)IncreasingproductivityC)ImprovingmemoryD)Developingcreativity.（解析：本题考查第9单元第4课实用技能知识点。文中详细解释timeblocking即“allocatingspecifictimeslotsfortasks,”并举例说明“whenIblocked9-11AMforstudying,mymathscoresimprovedby30%.”，直接关联效率提升。Reducingstress（减压）是间接效果；memory（记忆力）和creativity（创造力）非核心目标。故选B。）5.In"TheScienceofHappiness,"theauthorcontraststwotheoriesofwell-being:the"happinesshypothesis"andthe"hedonictreadmill."Whichstatementbestdescribestheirdifference?A)Onefocusesonmoney,theotheronhealthB)Oneismodern,theotherancientC)Onesuggestshappinessisfixed,theotherthatitrequireseffortD)Oneisbiological,theotherpsychological.（解析：本题考查第9单元第1课比较阅读知识点。文中解释“happinesshypothesis”认为快乐有上限，而“hedonictreadmill”指出人们会适应高收入/成就，需持续努力维持快乐。选项A文中未区分；B与历史无关；D非主要区别，两者均涉及心理学。故选C。）6."TheRoleofTechnologyinEducation"discussesthebenefitsofonlinelearningplatforms.Whichadvantageismostemphasizedinthepassage?A)LowercostsB)PersonalizedlearningC)GlobalconnectivityD)Immediatefeedback.（解析：本题考查第9单元第6课科技应用知识点。文中重点描述平台如何根据学生进度调整内容（“AIadjustsquestionsbasedonyouranswers”），体现个性化。Lowercosts（低成本）文中未作为主要卖点；globalconnectivity（全球连接）是结果而非核心；immediatefeedback（即时反馈）虽提及但非最突出。故选B。）7.In"TheHistoryofLanguage,"theauthormentionstheconceptof"linguisticrelativity."Whatdoesthistheorysuggestaboutlanguageandthought?A)LanguageshapeshowweperceivetheworldB)LanguageisunnecessaryforcomplexthinkingC)AlllanguagesareequallylogicalD)Childrenlearnlanguagefasterinbilingualenvironments.（解析：本题考查第9单元第7课语言学知识点。文中引用Sapir-Whorf假说，指出“thelanguageyouspeakinfluenceshowyouclassifycolorsortime,”即语言影响认知。选项B与认知科学矛盾；C文中未比较语言逻辑；D是语言习得现象，非理论核心。故选A。）8."TheEnvironmentalImpactofFastFashion"presentsdatashowingthatthefashionindustrycontributestowhichproblemmostsignificantly?A)WaterpollutionB)AirpollutionC)LandscarcityD)Noisepollution.（解析：本题考查第9单元第8课数据解读知识点。文中引用国际组织报告：“90%ofchemicalsusedinclothingendupinrivers,”明确指出水污染最严重。Airpollution（空气污染）涉及生产过程但非主要；landscarcity（土地稀缺）与服装关系较小；noisepollution（噪音污染）文中未提及。故选A。）9.In"ThePsychologyofDecision-Making,"theauthordescribesacommoncognitivebiascalled"confirmationbias."Whatdoesthisbiasinvolve?A)Overestimatingone'sownintelligenceB)SeekinginformationthatsupportsexistingbeliefsC)IgnoringcontradictoryevidenceD)Makingimpulsivechoices.（解析：本题考查第9单元第3课认知心理学知识点。文中解释“confirmationbiasisthetendencytonoticethingsthatconfirmyourbeliefsandignoretherest,”如“whenIlikedarestaurant,Ionlyaskedfriendswhoagreed.”，核心是选择性注意。选项A（自我认知偏差）、C（忽视矛盾证据）是表现而非定义；D（冲动决策）是另一类偏差。故选B。）10."TheFutureofSpaceExploration"discussespotentialbenefitsofhumanmissionstoMars.Whichbenefitisdescribedasmostcriticalforlong-termsurvival?A)ScientificdiscoveryB)EconomicprofitC)NationalprestigeD)Resourceutilization.（解析：本题考查第9单元第5课跨学科知识知识点。文中引用科学家观点：“MarsmissionscouldteachushowtoliveonotherplanetsifEarthbecomesuninhabitable,”强调生存价值。Economicprofit（经济利益）文中未作为首要；nationalprestige（国家声望）是间接动机；resourceutilization（资源利用）文中未重点提及。故选A。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.In"TheHiddenWorldofCoralReefs,"theauthorexplainsthatcoralbleachingoccurswhen_______expelsalgaelivinginitstissuesduetostress.（参考答案：coral；解析：本题考查第9单元第5课生态知识。文中明确“whencoralsarestressed,theyexpelthealgae(zooxanthellae)thatgivethemcolorandprovidenutrients.”，空格处需填主语coral。）2.Accordingto"ThePowerofSmallActs,"theauthormentionsthatasingle_______cansometimestriggerachainreactionofpositivechangesinacommunity.（参考答案：actofkindness；解析：本题考查第9单元第2课细节理解。文中举例“asingleactofkindnesstoastrangerledtohervolunteeringatashelter,whichinspiredothers.”，空格需填具体行为。）3."TheArtofTimeManagement"suggeststhatbreakingtasksinto_______canmakethemfeelmoremanageableandreduceprocrastination.（参考答案：smallerchunks；解析：本题考查第9单元第4课实用技巧。文中建议“dividea10essayinto3smallerchunksperday,”强调分块执行。）4.In"TheScienceofHappiness,"theauthorcontraststhe"happinesshypothesis"withtheideathathappinessrequires_______andcontinuouseffort.（参考答案：activepursuit；解析：本题考查第9单元第1课概念对比。文中解释“thehappinesshypothesissuggestsasetpoint,whilethehedonictreadmillrequiresactivepursuit,”空格需填动词短语。）5."TheRoleofTechnologyinEducation"describeshowonlinequizzescanprovide_______tostudents,allowingthemtoassesstheirunderstandingimmediately.（参考答案：instantfeedback；解析：本题考查第9单元第6课科技应用。文中举例“platformsgiveinstantfeedbackongrammarexercises,”空格需填直接对应术语。）6.In"TheHistoryofLanguage,"theauthormentionsthattheconceptof"linguisticrelativity"suggeststhatthelanguageyouspeakcaninfluencehowyouperceive_______.（参考答案：theworld；解析：本题考查第9单元第7课语言学理论。文中引用“languageshapeshowyouperceivetheworld,”空格需填理论核心对象。）7."TheEnvironmentalImpactofFastFashion"statesthattheproductionofcottonforclothingrequiresenormousamountsof_______andcontributestowaterscarcityinsomeregions.（参考答案：freshwater；解析：本题考查第9单元第8课环境数据。文中数据“cottonfarminguses2,700litersofwaterpert-shirt,”空格需填关键资源。）8.In"ThePsychologyofDecision-Making,"theauthorexplainsthat"confirmationbias"involvesselectivelyseekinginformationthat_______yourexistingbeliefs.（参考答案：supports；解析：本题考查第9单元第3课认知偏差。文中定义“noticethingsthatsupportyourbeliefs,”空格需填动词。）9."TheFutureofSpaceExploration"discusseshowstudyingMarscouldhelphumansunderstandhowtosurviveonotherplanetsifEarth's_______becomesuninhabitable.（参考答案：environment；解析：本题考查第9单元第5课跨学科知识。文中“ifEarth'senvironmentchanges,”空格需填环境整体概念。）10."TheArtofTimeManagement"advisesstudentstousea_______toprioritizetasksbasedontheirimportanceanddeadlines.（参考答案：prioritymatrix；解析：本题考查第9单元第4课工具应用。文中描述“useamatrixwithfourquadrantsforurgent/importanttasks,”空格需填工具名称。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingto"TheHiddenWorldofCoralReefs,"climatechangeistheonlymajorthreattocoralreefs,andnootherfactorslikepollutionoroverfishingmatter.（参考答案：False；解析：文中明确列举“pollution,overfishing,andwarmingoceans”均为威胁，而非单一因素。）2.In"ThePowerofSmallActs,"theauthorconcludesthatindividualeffortsareuselessunlesstheyarepartofalargeorganization'splan.（参考答案：False；解析：文中强调“smallactscanstartmovements,”未否定个人独立行动价值。）3."TheArtofTimeManagement"suggeststhatmultitaskingisthemostefficientwaytocompleteschoolassignments.（参考答案：False；解析：文中批评multitasking（同时处理多任务）效率低，建议专注单一任务。）4."TheScienceofHappiness"statesthatmoneydirectlycauseshappiness,andpeoplewhoearnmorearealwayshappier.（参考答案：False；解析：文中指出“moneyincreaseshappinessuptoapoint,thenitplateaus,”并非线性关系。）5."TheRoleofTechnologyinEducation"arguesthatonlinelearningisbetterthantraditionalclassroomsbecauseiteliminatesalldistractions.（参考答案：False；解析：文中承认“onlinelearningrequiresself-disciplinetoavoiddistractions,”未夸大优势。）6.In"TheHistoryofLanguage,"theauthorclaimsthatallhumanlanguagesevolvedfromasingleancientlanguage.（参考答案：False；解析：文中介绍语言树理论，但未断言单一起源，提及多源假说。）7."TheEnvironmentalImpactofFastFashion"suggeststhatsustainablefashionisunnecessarybecausetheindustryisalreadyimproving.（参考答案：False；解析：文中对比传统与可持续服装，强调后者必要性。）8.In"ThePsychologyofDecision-Making,"theauthorsuggeststhatmakingimpulsivechoicesisalwaysthebeststrategyforproblem-solving.（参考答案：False；解析：文中分析冲动决策的缺陷，未推荐其作为优选。）9."TheFutureofSpaceExploration"statesthatMarsmissionsareonlyimportantforscientificresearchandhavenopracticalbenefits.（参考答案：False；解析：文中提及“Marscouldteachussurvivalskills,”强调实用价值。）10."TheArtofTimeManagement"advisesstudentstoavoidplanningandlettaskscometothemnaturally.（参考答案：False；解析：文中核心是“planninghelpsavoidprocrastination,”与题干相反。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainhow"TheHiddenWorldofCoralReefs"usesscientificevidencetosupportitsclaimsaboutcoralbiodiversity.（参考答案：文中引用联合国报告数据，显示“coralreefscoverlessthan1%oftheoceanfloorbutsupport25%ofmarinelife.”；列举具体案例如GreatBarrierReef’s1,500species；对比酸化前后珊瑚覆盖率变化（从50%降至10%）。解析：需体现数据、案例、趋势对比三个维度。）2.Describetwoways"ThePowerofSmallActs"demonstratesthatordinarypeoplecanmakeadifferenceintheircommunities.（参考答案：①个人行动引发连锁反应（如“asingledonationtoafoodbankexpandedtoacity-widecampaign”）；②非正式领导力（如“astudent’scomplaintaboutunsafeplaygroundequipmentledtorenovations”）。解析：需列举具体行为和结果，体现普通人影响力。）3.Accordingto"TheArtofTimeManagement,"whyisbreakinglargeprojectsintosmallertasksbeneficialforstudents?（参考答案：①降低心理压力（“a20reportfeelsoverwhelming,butdaily2chunksaredoable”）；②提高专注度（“focusingononesmallsteppreventsgettinglostinthewholeproject”）；③累积成就感（“smallcompletionsbuildmomentumtowardthefinaldeadline”）。解析：需结合文中描述的心理学原理。）4."TheScienceofHappiness"mentionstwotheoriesaboutwell-being.Brieflyexplainthemaindifferencebetweenthem.（参考答案：①happinesshypothesis（固定点理论）认为快乐有上限，受遗传和基本需求影响；②hedonictreadmill（享乐跑步机理论）认为快乐会适应变化，需持续努力维持（如“earning$100,000won’tmakeyoupermanentlyhappierthan$50,000ifyouadapt”）。解析：需对比核心观点和适应机制。）5.Howdoes"TheRoleofTechnologyinEducation"balancethebenefitsandchallengesofonlinelearning?（参考答案：①优势：个性化学习（“AIadjustsdifficultybasedonperformance”）、全球资源（“studentsaccesscoursesfromHarvardforfree”）；②挑战：digitaldivide（“notallstudentshavereliableinternet”）、lackofsocialinteraction（“onlinefriendshipsarelessdeep”）。解析：需体现辩证分析。）6.In"TheHistoryofLanguage,"whatevidencedoestheauthorusetosupporttheideathatlanguageshapesthought?（参考答案：①文化差异案例（如“Inuitlanguageshavedozensofwordsforsnow,reflectingtheirimportanceindailylife”）；②颜色perception研究（“Westernlanguagescategorizecolorsdifferently,affectinghowchildrenlearntoseethem”）；③语言障碍患者的思维受限。解析：需结合具体文化或认知实验。）7."TheEnvironmentalImpactofFastFashion"describesamajorenvironmentalproblemcausedbythefashionindustry.Whatisit,andhowdoesitaffectecosystems?（参考答案：问题：waterpollution（水污染）；影响：印染厂废水含有毒化学物质（如“cyanideindyeingriverskillfish”）；微塑料污染（“clothingsheddingmicrofibersaccumulateinoceans,harmingmarinelife”）。解析：需结合化学和生态知识。）8."ThePsychologyofDecision-Making"mentionsacommoncognitivebias.Explainwhatitisandgiveanexampleofhowitaffectsstudents.（参考答案：认知偏差：confirmationbias（确认偏差）；例子：学生只搜索支持自己观点的资料（如“ahistorypaperwriteronlylooksforarticlessayingthewarwasjustified”），忽略反方证据。解析：需说明定义和具体情境。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Imagineyouareahighschoolstudentpreparingforexamsinthreesubjects:Math(nextweek),Biology(monthlater),andEnglish(twomonthslater).Usingthetime-blockingtechniquefrom"TheArtofTimeManagement,"createaweeklyscheduleforthenexttwoweeksthatbalancesstudyandfreetime.（参考答案：周一至周五每天安排：-7:00-7:30起床洗漱-7:30-8:00早餐-8:00-9:00Math（专注练习）-9:00-9:30休息（散步）-9:30-10:30Biology（阅读笔记）-10:30-11:00休息（音乐）-11:00-12:00English（写作练习）周末安排：半天集中复习，半天自由活动。解析：需体现分块、交替、留白原则，符合文中建议。）2."TheHiddenWorldofCoralReefs"mentionsthatclimatechangeiscausingcoralbleaching.Writeashortparagraphexplaininghowthisprocessharmscoralecosystemsandwhathumanscandotohelp.（参考答案：珊瑚白化是珊瑚排出共生藻类，失去颜色和营养来源，最终死亡。这会导致生物多样性锐减（“reefsthatwereonceunderwaterjunglesbecomedeadstructures”）。人类行动：减少碳排放（“turnofflightswhenleavingrooms”）、支持可再生能源、参与珊瑚礁保护项目（“volunteertoplantartificialreefs”）。解析：需结合生态影响和可操作建议。）3."ThePowerofSmallActs"describeshowoneperson’skindnesscanspread.Thinkofasituationinyourschoolwhereasmallactcouldimprovethecommunity.Describetheactandhowitmightspread.（参考答案：情境：课间走廊拥挤，学生推搡。小行动：我在课间主动扶住扶手，并提醒大家排队上下楼梯。可能传播：被看见的学生会模仿，老师表扬后更多学生加入，形成文明习惯。解析：需体现行为、动机和扩散机制。）4."TheScienceofHappiness"contraststhehappinesshypothesisandthehedonictreadmill.Whichtheorydoyouthinkappliesmoretoteenagers,andwhy?Provideevidencefromyourownexperienceorobservations.（参考答案：hedonictreadmill更适用。理由：青少年情绪波动大，如考试后兴奋（短期快乐）但很快适应（“afterwinningthemathaward,Isoonwantedmorechallenges”）。证据：手机更新换代带来的短暂满足感迅速消退。解析：需结合青少年心理特点和个人观察。）5."TheRoleofTechnologyinEducation"mentionsonlinelearningplatforms.Describeafeatureofsuchaplatformthathelpsstudentslearnbetterandexplainhowitworks.（参考答案：自适应学习系统。工作原理：平台根据学生答题正确率调整难度（“ifyouget5/5ongrammar,nextquestionsareharder”），同时提供即时反馈（“wronganswersshowcorrectexplanations”），实现个性化进步。解析：需体现技术细节和教学效果。）6."TheEnvironmentalImpactofFastFashion"discusseswaterpollutionfromcottonproduction.Imagineyouarewritingacampaigntoencouragesustainablefashion.Whatthreesloganswouldyouuse,andwhy?（参考答案：①“WearLess,LoveMore”（减少购买，增加珍惜）；②“CottonisLife,Don’tKillIt”（保护水资源）；③“OneT-shirt,2,700Liters”（直观展示浪费）。理由：分别针对消费观念、生态保护、数据冲击。解析：需结合传播心理学。）7."ThePsychologyofDecision-Making"mentionsconfirmationbias.Howcouldastudentavoidthiswhenresearchingacontroversialtopicforadebate?（参考答案：①主动寻找反方资料（“readarticlesdisagreeingwithmyview”）；②记录不同观点（“createapros/conslist”）；③用证据而非情绪判断（“focusonfacts,notjustwhatfeelsright”）。解析：需结合文中建议的对抗策略。）8."TheFutureofSpaceExploration"discussesMarsmissions.Whatisonepracticalskillhumansmightlearnfromlivingonotherplanets,andhowwouldithelpEarth?（参考答案：技能：水资源循环利用。帮助：地球面临干旱和污染，火星任务可测试“收集雨水、过滤杂质、再利用”技术（如“NASA’sMarsWaterISRUproject”），为地球提供可持续解决方案。解析：需结合科技应用和全球问题。）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.B7.A8.A9.B10.A解析示例（第1题）：选项A（metaphor）指暗喻，文中未直接比喻树木为其他事物；B（personification）正确，如“treeswhisper”；C（hyperbole）指夸张，文中描述符合自然；D（alliteration）指头韵，非主要修辞。故选B。二、填空题1.coral2.actofkindness3.smallerchunks4.activepursuit5.instantfeedback6.theworld7.freshwater8.supports9.environment10.prioritymatrix解析示例（第3题）：文中建议“dividetasksintosmallerchunkstoreduceprocrastination,”空格需填分块概念。三、判断题1.F2.F3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F10.F解析示例（第4题）：文中指出“moneyincreaseshappinessupto$75,000,thenitplateaus,”并非线性关系，故错。四、简答题1.文中引用联合国报告数据（“25%marinelifein<1%oceanfloor”）、列举GreatBarrierReef案例（1,500species）、对比酸化前后覆盖率（50%→10%），均支持珊瑚多样性受威胁。2.①个人行动引发连锁反应（如“asingledonationexpandedtoacity-widecampaign”）；②非正式领导力（如“astudent’scomplaintledtoplaygroundrenovations”）。3.①降低心理压力（“20reportbrokenintodaily2chunks”）；②提高专注度（“focusingononesmallsteppreventsgettinglost”）；③累积成就感（“smallcompletionsbuildmomentum”）。4.①happinesshypothesis（固定点理论）认为快乐有上限，受遗传和基本需求影响；②hedonictreadmill（享乐跑步机理论）认为快乐会适应变化，需持续努力维持（如“earning$100,000won’tmakeyoupermanentlyhappier”）。5.优势：个性化学习（“AIadjustsdifficultybasedonperformance”）、全球资源（“studentsaccesscoursesfromHarvardfor