考研英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiterature

1oAestheticism/theAestheticismMovement（唯美主义）

AEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19"centurythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance。

ThismovementwasintroducedtoIateVictorianEngIandmainlyWaIterPaterasareactionagainst

themateriaIismandcommercialismofanindustrializedsociety。ItwasaIsoareactionagainst

theVictorianconventionofartformoraIity'ssake,orartformoney*ssake。Themajortenets

ofthismovementincIudethebeliefintheautonomyofaworkofart,theemphasisoncraftand

artistry---thetheoryof“artforart'ssake"。ThemostoutstandingVictorianrepresentatives

ofthismovementincIudedOscarWilde。

20Allegory（寓言）

Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasor

moraIquaIities。AnaIIegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aIiteraImeaningandasymbolicmeaningo

寓言：用诗歌或散文讲的故事，在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。所有的寓

言都是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义的故事.

3.AlIiteration（头韵）

11istherepetitionofthesameinitialconsonantsoundwithinaIineoragroupofwordsinpoetry0

InOldEnglishaIIiterativemeter,alIiterationistheprincipalorganizingdeviceoftheverse

Iine,suchasinBeowulf0

头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

4.Allusion:Areferencetoaperson,aplace,anevent,oraIiteraryworkthatawriterexpects

thereadertorecognizeandrespondtooAnaIIusionmaybedrawnfromhistory,geography,Iiterature,

orreIigion.

典故：文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品.典故或来自历史、

地理、文学或宗教。

5oAmericanNaturaIism（美国自然主义）

TheAmericannaturaIismacceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofDarwin'sevolutionarytheory

andusedittoaccountforthebehaviorofthosecharactersinIiteraryworkswhowereregarded

asmoreorIesscompIexcombinationsofinheritedattributes,theirhabitswereconditionedby

socialandeconomicforces.AmericannaturaIismwasevoIvedfromreaIismwhentheauthor*stone

inwritingbecameIessseriousandIesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimistic.Itwas

nomorethanagIoomyphilosophicalapproachtoreaIity,ortohumanexistence.Dreiserwasa

leadingfigureofthisschool.

6oAmericanPuritanism（美国清教主义）

PuritanismisthepracticesandbeIiefsofthePuritans.TheAmericanpuritans,IiketheirEnglish

brothers,areideaIistsoTheyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaI

depravity,andIimitedatonementthroughaspeciaIinfusionofgraceformGod.Butduetothegrim

struggleforlivinginthenewcontinent,theybecomemoreandmorepractical.Americanpuritanism

issomuchapartofthenationaIatmosphereratherthatasetoftenets.

美国清教主义：他们相信宿命论、原罪说、全体堕落和有限的赎罪。

70AmericanReaIism（美国现实主义）

InAmericanIiterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend。TheAgeofReaIism

cameintoexistence.GeorgeEliotintroducereaIismintoEngIand,andWilliamDeanHoweIIs

introduceditintotheUnitedStateso11cameasareactionagainsttheIieofromanticismand

sentimentaIismoReaIismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaithfulrenderingof

theordinary,asliceofIifeasitisreaIIyIived.Ithasbeenchieflyconcernedwiththe

commonplacesofeverydayIifeamongthemiddleandIowerclasses,anditoffersanobjectiverather

thananideaIisticviewofhumannatureandhumanexperience0ReaIisticIiteraturefindsthedrama

andtensionbeneaththesurfaceofordinaryIife0Later,manywriters,notabIyHenryJames,turned

topsychologicalreaIismthatcloseIyexaminedthecomplexworkingsofthemind。

美国现实主义：在美国文学史上，内战宣告了浪漫主义的终结和现实主义的开始。现实主义反对浪漫主义和

感伤主义的谎言，它从一个陌生的世界转向了普通人的真实生活的描写。它所关心的是普通的下层劳动人民

而非理想中的人类本性和现实经历.

8OAmericanRomanticism（美国浪漫主义）

TheRomanticPeriodcoversthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury。ArisingAmericawithitsideaIs

ofdemocracyandequaIity,theboomingeconomy,theflourishingpubIications,endavarietyof

foreigninfIuencesmadeitsIiteraryexpansionpossibIeandinevitable.Romanticssharedsome

characteristics:moraIenthusiasm,individuaIityandintuitiveperception.IrvingpIayedan

importantroleininspiringAmericanromanticismwithhismasterpiecesRipVanWinkleandTheLegend

ofSleepyHollowoAmericanromanticismculminatedaroundthe1840s,whichcanbecalled

“TranscendentalismorAmericanRenaissance"0OneofthemajorfigureinthisperiodwasEmersono

HisNaturehadbeencalleduthemanifestoofAmericanTranscendentalismv。Inthepoetryaspect,

WhitmanandDicksonweretwomajorAmericanpoetsinthisperiod.InthenoveIaspect,Hawthorne

andMelvillebeIongedtoanothertypeofromanticism©TheypIacedincreasingvalueonthefree

expressiononemotionandthepsychicstatesoftheircharactersoTheNewEnglandpoets,such

asLongfeIIowandBryantformedadifferentschoolfromWhitman,Dickson,ThoreauandPoeo

90AngryYoungMen（愤怒的青笄）

TheAngryYoungMenisajournaIisticcatchphraseappliedtoanumberofBritishpIaywrightsand

noveIistsfromthemid-1950s。TheirworksmainlyexpressthebitternessoftheIowercIassestowards

theestabIishedsociopoliticalsystemandtowardsthemediocrityandhypocrisyofthemiddleand

upperclasses.ThepIaywrightJohnOsbornewasthearchetypaIexampIeoftheseangryyoungmen

withhissignaturepIayLookBackinAngerin1956<>

10.Antagonist（反而人物）：

Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative;arivaloftheheroorheroine。

反面人物：一个故事中和主人公相对立的人物或一种力量，是男女主人公的对手。

11.AmericanTranscendentalism（美国超验主义）

uM

AmericanTranscendentalismismorethananattitudeoftranscendentaIists0Totranscend

somethingistoriseaboveit,topassbeyonditsIimitSoThetranscendentalistsspeakforculturaI

rejuvenationandagainstthemateriaIismofAmericansociety。ThemajorfeaturesofAmerican

TranscendentaIismare:1oTranscendentalistspIaceemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthe

mostimportantthingintheUniverse©2.TheystresstheimportanceoftheindividualoTothem,

theindividualwasthemostimportanteIementofsociety.3.Theyofferafreshperceptionofnature

assymboIicoftheSpiritorGod。Naturewas,tothem,alive,filledwithGod'soverwhelming

presence0

12.Aphorism（警句）

Aconeise,pointedstatementexpressingawiseorcIeverobservationaboutIife.

警句：蕴含关于人生真理的明智的看法的精练的语句。

13.Aside（旁白）

Indrama,IinesspokenbyacharacterinanundertoneordirectIytotheaudienceand.Anaside

issupposedIynotheardbyotheractorsonstage。

14oAssonance（类韵）

TherepetitionofsimiIarvoweIsounds,especiaIIyinpoetry.AssonanceisoftenempIoyedtopIease

LheearoretnphdbizeuerLairisounds.

类韵：在诗歌中相同或相似元音的重复，它的目的主要是用来使句子悦耳动听或用来强调某个音。

15oAutobiography（自传）

TheIiteraryformofautobiographyisaperson'saccountofhisorherownIifeoAnautobiography

isgenerallywritteninnarrativeformandincIudessomeintrospection,suchasTheAutobiography

writtenbyBenjaminFrankIino

自传：一个人对他或她自己生活的描述，自传是一种叙述性的文体，多包含回忆性的描写。

16oBallad（民谣）

Itisarelativelyshortnarrativepoem,writtentobesung,withasimpIeanddramaticactiono

ThebaIladstelloflove,death,thesupernaturaI,oracombinationofthese0Twocharacteristics

ofthebaIladareincrementaIrepetitionandthebaIladstanza.IncrementaIrepetitionrepeats

oneormoreIineswithsmaIIbutsignificantvariationsthatadvancetheaction0ThebaIladstanza

hasfourline;commonIy,thefirstandthirdIinescontainfourfeetoraccents,thesecondand

fourthIinescontainthreefeetoBalladoftenopenabruptIy,presentbriefdescriptionsanduse

concisedialogueso

ThefolkbaIladisusuaIIyanonymousandthepresentationisimpersonaI.TheIiterarybaIlad

deliberateIyimitatestheformandspiritofafolkba11adoTheRomanticpoetswereattracted

tothisform,asLongfeIIowwithTheWreckoftheHesperus,CoIeridgewithTheRimeoftheAncient

Marine,whichislongerandmoreeIaboratethanthefolkbaIIad.

17oBalladStanza（民谣诗节）

Atypeoffour-1inestanza,thefirstandthethirdIineshavefourstressedwordsorsyIlables;

thesecondandfourthIineshavethreestresses.

18oBeatGeneration（垮掉的一代）

TheBeatGenerationreferstoaIooseIy-knitgroupofpoetsandnoveIists,writinginthesecond

haIfofthee1950sandearly1960soTheysharedasetofsociaIattitudes----anti一estabIishment,

anti-poIiticaI,anti-intellectual,opposetotheprevaiIingculturaI,Iiterary,andmoraI

vaIues,andwereinfavorofunfetteredseIf-reaIizationandseIf-expression.Representativesof

thegroupwereAllenGinsbergwithhislongpoemHowlandJackKerouacwithhisOntheRoad。

19.BiIdungsroman（成长小说）

BiIdungsromandefinesagenreofthenoveIwhichfocusesonthepsychoIogicaIandmoraIgrowth

oftheprotagonistfromyouthtoadulthood,andinwhichcharacters'changeisthusextremeIy

28.Character（角色）

Inappreciatingashortstory,charactersareanindispensabIeeIementoCharactersarethepersons

presentedinadramaticornarrativework.Forstdividescharactersintotwotypes:fIatcharacter,

whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividuaIizingdetaiI;androundcharacter,whichiscompIexin

temperamentandmotivationandisrepresentedwithsubtleparticularity.

人物：在短篇小说的欣赏中，人物是必不可少一个元素。人物是喜剧或小说中所描写的人。福斯特把人物划

分为两类，扁平型人物和圆型人物。扁平型人物往往缺乏个人化的细节描写而圆型人物则在性格和行为动机

上较为复杂。

29.Classicism（古典主义）

Amovementortendencyinart,Iiterature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedin

IhearIufariuientGreeceandRume©ClassicismemphasizesLheIraditiunaIaridLheuniversal,

andpIacesvaleonreasoncIarity,balance,andorder0Classicism,withitsconcernforreason

anduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotions

andpersonaIthemes.

古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。

30.Climax（高潮）

Thepointofgreatestintensity,interest,orsuspenseinanarrative.

31.Comedy（喜剧）

IngeneraI,aIiteraryworkthatendshappilywithaheaIthy,amicabIearmisticebetweenthe

protagonistandsociety.

32.Conceit（奇想）

Conceitisafar-fetchedsimiIeormetaphor,aIiteraryconceitoccurswhenthespeakercompare

twohighlydissimilarthingsoConceitisextensivelyenployedinJohnDonne,spoetry.

33.Confessionalpoetry（自白诗）

AnautobiographicaImodeofversethatreveaIsthepoet'spersonaIprobIemswithunusuaIfrankness.

ThetermisusuaIIyappIiedtocertainpoetsoftheUoSoFromtheIate1950stotheIate1960s,

notabIyRobertLoweII,whoseLifeStudiesandFortheUnionDeaddeaIwithhisdivorceandmentaI

breakdown©

34.ConfIict（冲突）

Astrugglebetweentwoopposingforcesorcharactersinashortstory,noveI,pIay,ornarrative

poem.

冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。

35.Consonance（辅音韵）

Itreferstotherepetitionofsimilarconsonantsoundsinagroupofwords.Sometimestheterm

referstotherepetitionofconsonantsoundsinthemiddleorattheendofwords.Sometimesthe

termisusedforsIantrhymeinwhichinitialandfinalconsonantsarethesamebutthevoweIs

aredifferent:Iitter/letter,green/groan.

36oCoupIet（两行诗）

TwoconsecutiveIinesofpoetrythatrhyme0AheroiccoupIetisaniambicpentametercoupIet.

对句：两个连续押韵的诗行。英雄双行体的对句一般都为抑扬格五音步。

37.CriticalReaIism（批判现实主义）

ThecriticalreaIismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthefortiesandinthebeginningoffifties。

TherealistsfirstandforemostsetthemseIvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitaIistsocietyfrom

ademocraticviewpointanddeIineatedthecryingcontradictionsofbourgeoisreaIity.Butthey

didnotfindawaytoeradicatesociaIeviIs.CharlesDickensisthemostimportantcriticalreaIist.

批判现实主义：批判现实主义在19世纪40年代达到高潮。批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和

揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任，但他们并没有找到治疗社会弊病的良方。

38.Dadaism（达达主义）

IIrefersLuaWesternEuropeanarlislicaridIiteraryinoveriieril（1916-1923）thatbuughlthe

discoveryofauthenticreaIitythroughtheabolitionoftraditional,cuIturaIandaestheticforms

byatechniqueofcomicderisioninwichirrationality,chanceandintuitionweretheguiding

principle.

39oDarwinism（达尔文主义）

ItisatermthatcomesfromCharlesDarwin'sevolutionarytheory.Darwiniststhinkthatthose

whosurviveintheworIdarethefittestandthosewhofaiItoadaptthemseIvestotheenvironment

wiIIperishoTheybeIievethatmanhasevolvedfromthelowerformsofIifeandhumansarespecial

notbecauseGodcreatedthembutbecausetheyhavesuccessfullyadaptedtothechanging

environmentaIconditionsandhavepassedontheirsurvival-makingcharacteristicsgeneticaIIy.

InfIuencedbyDarwinism,someAmericannaturaIistwritersappIyitasanexpIanationofhumannature

andsociaIreaIityo

40.Denouement（结局）

TheoutcomeofapIotoThedenouementisthatpartofapIay,shortstory,noveI,ornarrative

poeminwhichconfIictsareresolvedorunraveled,andmysteriesandsecretsconnectedwiththe

pIotareexpIained.

41.Determinism（宿命论）

Determinismisthephilosophicalbeliefthateventsareshapedbyforcesbeyondthecontrolof

humanbeings.Determinism,importanttotheIiteratureattheendofthenineteenthcentury,assigns

controlespeciaIIytoheredityandenvironment,withoutseekingtheiroriginsfurtherthanscience

cantraceoDeterminismusuaIlyleadstothetragicfateofthecharactersinnovels。

42.DidacticIiterature（教诲文学）

DidacticIiteratureissaidtobedidacticifitdeliberateIyteachessomemoraIlessons.Theuse

ofIiteratureforsuchteachingisoneofutstraditionaIjustifications.

DramaticmonoIogue（戏剧独白）

43.AkindofnarrativepoeminwhichonecharacterspeakstooneormoreIistenerswhoserepIies

arenotgiveninthepoem.TheoccasionisusuaIIyacruciaIoneinthespeaker'spersonaIity

asweIIastheincidentthatisthesubjectofthepoemRobertBrowning*sMyLastDuchessis

atypicaIexampIe0

戏剧独白：在一种叙事诗里面，一个人物对其他的人物讲话但并没有交代他们的回答，这种场合往往对反映

说话人的性格特征和诗歌的主题是至关重要的。

44oElegy（挽歌）

Apoemofmourning,usuaIIyoverthedeathofanindividuaI.Anelegyisatypeoflyricpoem,

usuaIIyformaIinIanguageandstructure,andsoIemnorevenmeIanchoIyintone。

挽歌：为某个死去的人所做的诗，挽歌往往属于抒情诗，在语言和机构上比较正式，语气上比较庄重甚至是

哀伤的。

45.EnIightenmentMovement（启蒙运动）

EnIightenmentisaninteIIectualmovementthatoriginatesinEuropeandcomestoEngIandinthe

18"'century.11stressesthepowerofhumanreason,theimportanceofmethodsanddiscoveries

insteadofGod.ItspurposeistoenIightenthewhoIeworIdwithheIightofmodernphiIosophicaI

andartisticideas.ItceIebratesreasonorrationality,equaIityandscience.Itadvocates

universaleducation.

46.Epic（史诗）

Epic,inpoetry,referstoaIongworkdeaIingwiththeactionsofgodsandheroes.

47.Epiphany（顿悟）

AmomentofiIIumination,usuallyoccursatorneartheendofaworko

顿悟：对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察，通常出现在作品的结尾.

48.EpistolarynoveI（书信体小说）

AnepistoIarynoveIisaanoveItoIdthroughthemediumofIetterswrittenbyoneormoreofthe

charactersoTheusuaIformistheIetter,butdiaryentries,newspaperclippingandotherdocuments

aresometimesused.TheepistoIstorynovel'sreIianceonsubjectivepointsofviewmakesitthe

forerunnerofthemodernpsychoIogicaInoveI.

49.Essay（散文/小品文）

Apieceofprosewriting,usuaIlyshort,thatdeaIswithasubjectinaIimitedwayandexpresses

aparticuIarpointorview0Anessaymaybeseriousorhumorous,tightIyorganizedorrambIing,

restrainedoremotionaIoThetviogeneraIclassificationsofessayaretheinformaIessayandthe

formaIessay0AninformaIessayisusuaIIybriefandiswrittenasifthewriteristalking

informaIIytothereaderaboutsometopic,usingaconversationaIstyIeandapersonaIorhumorous

tone©Bycontrast,aformaIessayistightIyorganized,dignifiedinstyIe,andseriousin

tone.

小品文：小品文一般都是简短的散文，作家通过有限的篇幅发表自己独特的看法。小品文的风格要么严肃要

么幽默，组织或严谨或松散，情感或抒发或藏而不露.小品文大体上又分为正式的和非正式的两种.非正式的

小品文一般比较短，使用对话的风格和个人化或幽默的语气，似乎在给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈。相比之

下，正式的小品文则组织严谨，风格高雅，语气严肃。

50oExperimentaInoveI（实验小说）

ItreferstotheworksthatpIacegreatemphasisoninnovationsregardingthetechniqueandstyle.

ThefristtextgeneraIIycitedinexperimentaInoveIsisLaurenceSterne'sLifeandOpinionsof

TristramShandy。Duringthe1960,theexperimentaInovelwasthemainstreamoftheIiteratureo

51oExpressionism（印象主义）

ExpressionismreferstomovementinGermanyearIyinthe20"century,inwhichanumberofpainters

soughttoavoidtherepresentationofexternaIreaIityand,instead,toprojectahighlypersonaI

orsubjectivevisionoftheworId.ExpressionismisareactionagainstreaIismornaturaIism,aiming

atpresentingapost——warworIdviolentlydistortedo

52.Fable（寓言）

AfabIeisashortstory,oftenwithanimalsasitscharacters,whichiIIustrateamora10

寓言：以动物为主人公来写的短小的故事。

53oFarce（轻喜剧）

Atypeofcomedybasedonaridiculoussituation,oftenwithstereotypedcharacters.Thehumor

inafarceisIargeIysIapstick-----thatis,itofteninvoIvescrudephysicaIaction.Thecharacters

inafarceareoftenthebuttsofpracticaIjokes0

轻喜剧：一种以可笑的情节的为基础的喜剧，通常包含固定的角色。

54oFlatcharacter（扁平人物）

Acharacterwhohasoneortwosides,representingoneortwotraits------oftenastereotype.FIat

charactersheIpmovetheplotalonemorequicklybecausetheaudienceimmediateIyunderstandswhat

thecharacterisabout0

55oFiction（小说）

ProsenarrativebasedonimaginationusuaIlyanoveIorashortstory。

56OFlashback（倒叙）

Asceneinashortstory,novel,pIay,ornarrativepoemthatinterruptstheactiontoshowan

eventthathappenedearIier0

倒叙：在短篇小说、小说、戏剧或叙事诗中穿插在叙述中讲述更早的一件事。

57.Foreshadowing（铺垫）

TheuseofhintsorcluesinanarrativetosuggestwhatwillhappenIater.Writersuseforeshadowing

tocreateinterestandtobuildsuspense.SometimesforeshadowingaIsopreparesthereaderfor

theendingofthestory0

伏笔：在叙述中使用暗示或线索来预示将要发生的事情，作家们使用伏笔来增加读者的兴趣和产生悬念，有

时伏笔义为故事的结尾做好铺垫。

58.Freeindirectdiscourse（自由间接引语）

Freeindirectdiscourseisastyleofthird-personnarrationwhichcombinessomeofthe

characteristicsofthird-personreportwithfirst-persondirectspeechoJaneAustenwasamong

thefirstauthorstousefreeindirectdiscourseinasignificantanddeIiberatemanner0James

JoyceisaIsorenownedforinvokingthemethodinhisworkAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoung

Mano

59oFreeverse（自由诗体）

AkindofpoetrythatIacksregularmetersorpatterns.Freeverseistherhymedorunrhymedpoetry

freefromconventionalruIesofmetero

60oFreudianism（弗洛伊德学派）

FreudianismderivedfromSigmundFreud,whosetheoriesenjoyedgreatpopuIarityinthe1920sand

madetheirwayintoIiterature©Freudianismemphasizesthat“subconscious”urges,desires,and

inhibitionsdominatehumanbehavior.AIotofmodernwriterssuchasWoolf,Joyce,andLawrence

areinfIuencedbyFreudianismdeepIy.

61.Genre（体裁）

AIiteraryspeciesorform,e.g0,tragedy,epic,comedy,noveI,essay,biographyandlyric

poem0

62oGothicRomance（哥特式小说）

AtypeofnoveIthatflourishedintheIate18thcenturyandearIy19"centuryinEngIandoGothic

romancesaremysteries,ofteninvoIvingthesupernaturaIandheavilytingedwithhorror,andthey

areusuaIlyagainstdarkbackgroundsofmedievalruinsandhauntedcastles.

63oGraveyardSchool（墓地派诗歌）

TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschooIofpoetsofthe18，hcenturywhosepoemsaremostIydevoted

toasentimentaIIamentationsormeditationonIife,pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyard

asthemesoThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheIeadingfigureofthisschooIandhisEIegyWritten

inaCountryChurchyardishismostrepresentativework.

64.HarlemRenaissance（哈莱姆文艺复兴）

HarIemRenaissanceisaperiodofremarkabIecreativityinIiterature,music,dance,painting

andsculpturebyAfrican-Americans,fromtheendoftheFirstWorIdWarin1913tothe1920s。

DistinguishedwriterswhoarepartofthemovementincIudeLangstonHughesandRichardWright。

65.HemingwayCodeHero（海明威式英雄）

AsaconceptfromHemingway,sworks,codeheroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwhoIivescorrectIy,

followingtheideaIsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworIdthatissometimeschaotic,often

stressfuI,andalwayspainfuI.AcodeheroisanaveragemanofdecidedIymascuIiretastes,aman

whoissensitiveandinteIIigent,amanofactionsandoffewwords。ThiskindofpeopIeareusuaIIy

spirituaIIystrong,withcertainskill,andmostofthemencounterdeathmanytimes.Hemingway

useshiscodehero,whoisnamedinmostofhisworksasNickAdamstoteachreadersacreative

anddisciplinedwayofIife.

66oHeroiccoupIet（英雄双韵体）

AcoupletwritteniniambicpentameteriscalledaheroiccoupIet.

英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。

67.Humanism（人文主义）

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.11emphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandthe

importanceofthepresentIife0HumanistsvoicedtheirbeIiefsthatmanwasthecenterofthe

universeandmandidnotonIyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentIife,buthadthe

abilitytoperfecthimseIfandtoperformwonders.

68oIambicpentameter（五步抑扬格）

ApoeticIineconsistingoffiveversefeet,witheachfootaniamb-thatis,anunstressedsyIlabIe

followedbyastressedsyIIable.

五步抑扬格：一种诗句形式，每行诗句包含五个抑扬格音步。

69.Imagery（意象）

Wordsorphrasesthatcreatepictures,orimages,inreaders'smind.ImagescanappeaItoother

sensesaswell:touch,taste,smeIIandhearingo

意象：用来在读者的思维中唤起某种图示或形象的词汇。

70.Imagism（意象主义）

ImagismwasapoeticmovementtnatflourishedinEngland,andevenmorevigorouslyinAmerica,

between1912and19170ItwasplannedandexempIifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwriters

inLondonasarevoltagainstthesentimentaIanddisoursivepoetryattheturnofthecentury。

ThetypicaIimagistpoetryiswritteninfreeverseandundertakestobeaspreciseandterseas

possible0MeanwhiIe,theimagistpoetryIikestoexpressthewriters'momentaryimpressionof

avisuaIobjectorsceneandoftentheimpressionisrenderedbymeansofmetaphorwithoutindicating

areIaliori.ThemubLfamoubimagit>Ipoem,InaSlaLiunuTtheMetro,iswriLLeribyEzraPound.

71.Impressionism（印象主义）

ItisastyIeofpaintingthatgivestheimpressionmadebythesubjectontheartistwithoutmuch

attentiontodetaiIs.WritersacceptedthesameconvictionthatthepersonaIattitudesandmoods

ofthewriterwerelegitimateelementsindepictingacharacterorsettingoractionoBriefly,

itisastyI