2026年全国教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力考试黑金试题（附答案）

姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 姓名:_________________编号:_________________地区:_________________省市:_________________ 密封线 密封线 2026年教师资格考试重点试题精编注意事项:1.全卷采用机器阅卷，请考生注意书写规范；考试时间为120分钟。2.在作答前，考生请将自己的学校、姓名、班级、准考证号涂写在试卷和答题卡规定位置。

3.部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题部分必须使用黑色签字笔书写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

4.请按照题号在答题卡上与题目对应的答题区域内规范作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效:在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。(参考答案和详细解析均在试卷末尾)一、选择题

1、EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butyoucan'tappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthenewreportfromtheModernLanguageAssociation.ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you'reunlikelytofindatenure-trackjob.Thecoreoftheproblemis,ofcourse,thejobmarket.TheM.L.A.reportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that'swildlyoptimistic:theM.L.A.gottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblist(aroundsixhundred)withthenumberofnewgraduates(aboutathousand).Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting--nottomentiontheolderprofessorswhodidn'treceivetenure,andwhonowfindthemselvescompetingwiththeirformerstudents.Inalllikelihood,thenumberofjobspercandidateismuchsmallerthanthereportsuggests.That'swhythemoodissodire--whyevenprofessorsarestartingtoask,inthecommittee'swords,"Whymaintaindoctoralstudyinthemodernlanguagesandliteratures--ortherestofthehumanities--atall?"Thosetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesse1iteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theG.I.Billand,later,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly.Whentheboomended,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswerecreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents--forinstance,womenandminorities.Thosereformsworked:asNateSilverreportedintheTimeslastsummer,abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowasdidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness,communications,andhealthcare.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.Today,theyareoftenregardedasakindofinstitutionalluxury,paidforbydynamic,cheap,andgrowingprogramsin,say,adult-education.Theselargedemographicfactsarecontributingtotoday'sjob-marketcrisis:they'rewhy,whileeducationasawholeisgrowing,thehumanitiesaren't.Givenallthis,whatcananEnglishdepartmentdo?TheM.L.A.reportcontainsanumberofsuggestions.Prideofplaceisgiventotheideathatgradschoolshouldbeshorter:"Departmentsshoulddesignprogramsthatcanbecompletedinfiveyears."Thatwillprobablyrequirechangingthedissertationfromadraftofanacademicbookintosomethingshorterandsimpler.Atthesametime,graduatestudentsareencouragedto"broaden"themselves:to"engagemoredeeplywithtechnology";topursueunusualandimaginativedissertationprojects;toworkinmorethanonediscipline;toacquireteachingskillsaimedatonlinewriting,whichmightbeofvalueoutsideofacademia.Graduateprograms,thecommitteesuggests,shouldacceptthefactthatmanyoftheirstudentswillhavenon-tenured,orevennon-academic,careers.Theyshouldkeeptrackofwhathappenstotheirgraduates,sothatstudentswhodecidetoleaveacademiahaveanon-academicalumninetworktodrawupon.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"that'swildlyoptimistic"inParagraph2?A.Thejobopeningsfornewly-graduatedPh.D.sareincrediblypromisingB.Itseemsimpossiblefornewly-graduatedPh.D.stofindatenure-trackjoBC.TheM.L.A.reporthasoverestimatedthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonthejoblistD.s

2、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Babies’crieshavelongbeentheconcernsofscientistsB.BabiesstarttheirspeechacquisitionattheageofthreemonthsC.Studyingbabies'crieshelpsusunderstandtheirspeechperceptionD.Babies’truespeech,ratherthantheircries,shouldbethefocusofstudy

3、Passage2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwas?surprisinglystraightup．Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightout?andsaidhewasleaving"topursuemygoalofrunningacompany,"Broadcastinghisambitionwas"verymuchmydecision,"McGeesays．Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththe?boardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember21.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof?companyhewantedtorun．Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations．AndMcGeeisn′talone．InrecentweekstheNo．2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquit?withtheexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost．Asboards-scrutinizesuccessionplansin?responsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon′tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon．A?turbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncements?cloudtheirreputations．Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethe?jumpwithoutanet．Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous?boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch．Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders．Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional．Foryears?executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesarethe?oneswhomustbepoached．SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:"Ican′tthinkofasingle?searchI′vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst．"Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven′talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly．EllenMarram?quitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO．Itwasayearbeforeshe?becameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange．RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin?2005withambitionstobeaCEO．Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthree?yearslater．Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers．Thefinancialcrisishasmade?itmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone．"Thetraditionalrulewasit′ssaferto?staywhereyouare,butthat′sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter．"Thepeople?who′vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho′vestayedtoolong．"Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat___________．查看材料A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirpostsB.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-datedC.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputationsD.it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules

4、Ateachermayencouragestudentsto__________whentheycomeacrossnewwordsinfastreading.A.takenotesB.askforhelpC.guessmeaningfromcontextD.lookupthewordsinadictionary

5、Whatvocabularylearningstrategydoesthefollowingactivityhelptotrain?Theteachercreatedasituationandaskedstudentstothinkofwordsandexpressionsthatcanbeusedinthatsituation.A.AssociationB.GeneralizationC.CollocationD.Contextualization

6、Whichofthefollowingaboutteachingassessmentisinappropriate?A.DiagnosticassessmentisakindoftestcarriedoutafterateachingactivityB.Formativeassessmentshouldbestudent-orientedC.SummativeassessmentisoftencarriedoutattheendofatermD.Portfolios,dailyreports,anddeliveringspeechesareallformativeassessment

7、Liberia，theoldestindependentNegrostateinWestAfrica，hasbeenstrugglingforsurvivaleversinceitsfoundationin182ProgresshasbeenhamperedbyconstanthostilitybetweentheAmericanNegroeswhosefamiliesreturnedthereintheearly19thcentury，andtheWestAfricanswhoseancestorsneverleftthecontinent．Thoughthetwogroupsareofthesamerace，theyaredividedbylanguageandoutlookandregardeachotherwithdeepsuspicioncreatingaconflictwhichwasnotforeseenbyLiberia’sfounders．Inaddition，neighboringstates，nativetribe，disease，andpovertyhavemadelifedangerousanddifficult．Thegovernmenthastrieddesperately，throughloansandatrickleoftrade，tomakeendsmeet．Anxietyaboutfinancialmatterslessenedsomewhatwhen，inl910，theUnitedStatesacceptedresponsibilityforLiberia’ssurvival．However，notuntilHarveyFirestone，theAmericanrubberking，decidedthattheUnitedStatesmustproduceitsownrubber--withLiberiaasthesiteoftherubberplantations-didLiberiahavemuchhopeofpayingitsdebtsandbalancingitsbudget．Therubberindustry，foundedinthel920s，andtheactivitythatfolloweditbroughtbothprogressandprofittoLiberia．BeforethattimeLiberiahadDOroads，nomechanicaltransportandnogoodport；itspeoplehadlittleeducationandfewtools．Liberiansfeelthatthecountryisbeingruledbyrubber．Forthisreason，therecentdiscoveryofironoreisimportant．Liberianleadersaretryingtomoderatethepoweroftherubberindustryandtoestablishthecountry’spoliticalandeconomicindependence．TheLiberians’attitudeon“toimproveabit”is__________．A.atotalagreementB.atotaldisagreementC.ahostilityD.notatotalagreement

8、WhichofthefollowingarecontrolledactivitiesinanEnglishclass?A.Reporting,role-playandgamesB.Readingaloud,dictationandtranslationC.Role-play,problemsolvinganddiscussionD.Informationexchange,narrationandinterview

9、WhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofinformalwritingA.Awell-organizedstructureispreferredB.ShortandincompletesentencesarecommonC.TechnicaltermsanddefinitionsarerequiredD.Awiderangeofvocabularyandstructuralpatternsareused

10、请阅读短文，完成此题。Julia,Gillard,aseducationministerandthenprimeminister~identifiedtheGonskiReportonschoolfunding,laterrenamedtheBetterSchoolPlan,asoneofhercrowningachievements.BackedbytheAustralianEducationUnionandAustralia'scultural-lefteducationblob(atermcoinedbyBritain'sSecretaryofStateforEducation,MichaelGove),herargumentisthatGonskiwilldeliverexcellenceandequityineducationbymassivelyincreasinggovernmentexpenditure.TheGonskifundingmodel,involvingabaseleveloffundingknownasaSchoolResourcingStandardandadditionalloadingsrelatedtodisadvantage,isalsolaudedasbringclarity,transparencyandconsistencytoschoolfunding.Notso.AsnotedbytheNationalComissionofAudit,theflawsandweaknessesinthereportaremanifest.Undertheheading"Complexityofthefundingmodel,"section9.7AppendixVolmne1,thestatementismadethat"newschoolfundingarrangementsarecomplex,inconsistentandlacktransparency".Insteadofhavinganationalfundingmodel,wehaveasituationwherethestatesandterritoriesandCatholicandindependentschoolsectorshavetheirownapproachestoallocatingfindingtoschools.SomuchfortheargumentthattheGonskimodelrepresentsanimprovementontheHowardgovernment'ssupposedlyopaqueandinsistentlyappliedsocio-economicstatus(SES)mode.TheSchoolingResourceStandardisalsocriticizedfornotbeing"basedonadetailedanalysisofthecostofdeliveringeducation"andtheformulaemployedforquantifyingdisadvantageforusingfaultydataleadingtostudents"beingmisidentifiedasbeinginsideoroutsidedefinitionsofeducationallydisadvantaged".CitinginternationalresearchandananalysiscarriedoutbytheALPfederal.memberforFraser,AndrewLeigh,whenanacademicattheAustralianNationalUniversity,theauditreportoncludesthereislittle,ifany,relationshipbetweenincreasedexpenditureandA.HecitesnotedauthoritiesasameansofsupportinghisopinionsB.HepresentsathesisandthenlistsevidencetosupportinghisopinionsC.HesummarizedanofficialdocumentandthendiscussesitindetailD.Heusesofficialdocumentsandthengiveshispersonalinterpretation

11、请阅读短文，完成此题。Here'sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforprolongedperiods--evenifyoualsoexerciseregularly--couldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplaceattheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerorTV--justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Researchispreliminary,butseveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.InaneditorialpublishedthisweekintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,ElinEkblom-BakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciencessuggestedthatauthoritiesrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivitytohighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommending~nini~numamountsofphysicalactivity,theyhaven'tsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition."Afterfourhoursofsitting,thebodystartstosendharmfulsignals,"Ekblom-Baksaid.Sheexplainedthatgenesregulatingtheamountofglucoseandfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongstretchesoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.TimArmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertattheWorldHealthOrganization,saidpeoplewhoexerciseeveryday--butstillspendalotoftimesitting--mightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrosstheday,ratherthaninasinglebout.Thatwasn'twelcomenewsforAytekinCan,31,whoworksataLondonfinancialcompany,andspendsmostofhisdayssittinginfrontofacomputer.Severaleveningsaweek,Canalsoteachesjiujitsu,aJapanesemartialartinvolvingwrestling,andalsodoesThaiboxing."I'msuretherearesomedetrimentaleffectsofstayingstillfortoolong,butIhopethatbeingactivewhenIcanhelps,"hesaid."Iwouldn'twanttothinkthesittingcouldbethatdangerouA.PeopleshouldkeepexercisingB.ExercisingmaynotreducetheharmofsittingC.SittingforlongtimeisdeadlyD.Howtoeliminatetheharmofsitting

12、Muchofthepowerofthetradeunionshasbeenlost．__________,theirpoliticalinfluenceshouldbeverygreat．A.AsaresultB.AsusualC.EvensoD.Sofar

13、请阅读Passage1。完成第小题。Passage1Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandlessemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinelementsthatareacceptabletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdifference.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?查看材料A.SocialchangetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotionalaspectsofsocietyB.DisagreementwithandargumentaboutconditionstendtoslowdownsocialchangeC.SocialchangeismorelikelytooccurinthematerialaspectofsocietyD.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhentheywereyoung

14、Teachersconstantlyreflectonwhattheydoasateacherandhowtheirlearnerslearnaslearners.Withsystematicreflectionsandresearch,theyimprovetheirteachingandtheirlearners'learning.Heretheteacherisplayingtheroleofa(an)__________.A.controllerB.assessorC.researcherD.participant

15、Passage1Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinage?discriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.Whilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbythe?AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,and?caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalary?andpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotential?benefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious?entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Among?thisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50?yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkers?whentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,but?thisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.Fromtheemployer′sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employers?maybeA.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecentlyB.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon'tsueexceptthewhitesC.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthemD.manydiscriminatedpeopledon'tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits

16、请阅读短文，完成此题。Inrecentyears,publishers,directorsandTVproducershavetakenakeeninterestinpopularonlinenovels,thankstotheiroriginalityandsolidfanbase.Genreisanimportantfactor.AccordingtoasurveybyChineseonlineliteratureplatformCloudary,oft00onlinenovelswhosecopyrightsweresoldbyCloudaryforadaptionin2012,moderncitynovels,historicalromancesandwarstorieswerethemostpopular.OnlineauthorLiuChenfeng'sbest-knownnovelAClearMidsummerNightisalovestory.Itattractedmorethan30millionWebhitsandwonthetopprizeintheannualcompetitionforChineseromancenovelsin2012.ATVadaptionofthebook,starredbyYangMiandLiuKaiwei,wasahugehitwhenbroadcastin2013.ThesuccessoftheTVadaptionhasbroughtLiugreaterpopularityandmoreconfidenceinherwriting."It'sasifafeastpreparedbymehasbeenappreciatedbynumerousdiners,whichisagreatencouragement."Liusays.Literaturewebsites,whicharesupremeheadquarterscollectingsomeoutstandingworks,haveplayedanimportantroleinthistrend.Majorwebsites,suchasQandH,whichareownedbyCloudary,haveestablishedspecialbranchestohelpfilmandTVproducerswhoarelookingforgoodstoriesandtodealwithcopyrightlicensing.Liu,whohasentrustedtheliteraturewebsiteHtodealwithhercopyrightlicensingtoTVproducers,thinksitmakesthingseasierforwritersandallowsthemtofocusmoreontheirwork.However,manyotherwritershavesoughttoworkcloselywithfilmandTVproducersandplayanactiveroleintheadaptionprocessoftheirownworks.Theauthorsreallyknowtheessenceoftheirworks.Tosomeextent,theirworkingtogethermayproducebetterfilmsorTVseries.Theauthors'uniqueunderstandingabouttheoriginalworksisvaluedbyproducersanddirectors.PopularonlinewriterBaoJingjingworkedwithdirectorTengHuataoasthescreenwriteA.ModerncitynovelsB.HistoricalromancesC.SciencefictionD.Warstories

17、Thephrase"I′dliketo"involves__________phenomenon.A.progressiveassimilationB.liaisonC.regressiveassimilationD.plosive

18、Whatisthemainrhetoricdeviceusedin“Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway.”?A.MetaphorB.MetonymyC.SynecdocheD.Transferredepithet

19、Thewords"make"and"chair"arecalled__________becausetheycanoccurunattached.A.derivationalaffixB.boundmorphemesC.freemorphemesD.inflectionalaffix

20、请阅读Passage2，完成小题。Passage2Papermoneyisusedeverydaybutpeopledonotoftenthinkofmoneyasjustpaper.Thisis?becausepeopleagreethatithasvalue,andpapermoneyissupportedbythegovernment.Peoplehaveusedpapermoneyforonlyafewhundredyears,butwhatdidpeopledobefore?printedmoneywasinvented?InMedievalEngland,astickwastheofficialrepresentationofmoney.Thecommonsystemthatwasusedinvolvedcountingdebtonapieceofwoodcalleda"tallystick".Thetallystickwasmarkedwithaknife.Eachmark,ortally,indicatedanamountofmoney.The?tallystickactedasacontract.Noonereallyknowswhoinventedthetallystick,butKingHenryIofEnglandiscreditedas?thefirsttousethestickinawidespreadfashion.InEngland,thetallystickwasusedfrom?1100-1826.Marksweremadeonatallysticktorepresenttheamountofserviceorgoodsthatwere?exchanged.Thetallystickwascutinhalflengthwiseintotwoparts,andonestickwaslongerthan?theother.Thepersongivingservicesorgoodsreceivedthelongerendofthestick,calledthe"stock",andthepersonpayingfortheserviceorgoodsreceivedtheshorterend.Oncethestickwas?cut,itcouldnotbealtered.Whenputtogether,thetwohalvesfitperfectlytogether.MedievalEnglandwasnottheonlycountrytousethetallysticksystem.In1960,Belgian?scientistJeandeHeinzelindeBraucourtdiscoveredanextremelyoldtallystickmadeofbaboon?boneinAfrica.Atfirst,hedeterminedthesticktobebetweenabout8,000to10,000yearsold.This?surprisedmanypeoplebecauseitprovedthatthetallysticksystemhadbeeninuseformuchlonger?thaneveryonehadpreviouslythought.Furtherresearchhasshownthatthisstickisactuallymuch?older:now,scientistsbelieveitis20,000yearsold.Thetallysticksystemmaynolongerbeinusetoday,butitsinfluenceisstillapparent.People?stillmakecontractsandpeoplestillborrowandlendmoney.Peoplestilltrustthat"things"--whethertheyaresticks,paper,orcoins--havevalue.Thenexttimepapermoneyisused,just?remember:itisonlypaper!Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesmoneyvaluable?A.PeoplewhouseitB.GoldthatpeoplefindC.InventionsD.Agreement

21、请阅读短文，完成此题。Oftenheardpeoplecomplainabout,whynotmyface,whysobadweathertoday,whydoIliveinsuchapoorfamily,whyGodtoldme...whyshouldwecomplainaboutitcomplainedthatit?Lifewasnotallthebest,lifewasnotperfect,onthecontrary,theupsanddowns,istheroutine.Donotcomplain,evervone'slifewillnotbeeasy,butpreciselybecauseofthese?twistsandturns?infoldingwave,acquiredacolourfullife.Ifwecanoftenlookattheissuefromanotherangle,youmighteasilyfindthelifeisstillveryexciting.Youcan'tchangetheface,smile,whydon'tyouthinkaboutindulgence;youcan'tchangetheweather,whydon'tyouchangethemood?Asthesayinggoes:afterthestorm.Thesameistrueoflife,aftertrainingcanoftenmakelifewonderful.China,awritercametotheUnitedStates,hesawafloweroftheoldladyisalwaysveryhappy,verystrange.Hewouldpickaflowerasked:"Whyareyoualwayssohappy?"Repliedtheoldlady.Anditmadethewriterstandinamazement."ThatJesuswascrucifiedistheworld'sdarkestday,threedayslatertoEaster.Allthetroubletowaitforthreedaysaslongastherightnottovanishintothinair?"Writerfortheoldladyansweredandmovedanoldladycouldlookatthisfreeandeasylife,couldseesothoroughlytolife.Kinginventors--Edisonfilamentdoinordertofindthebestmaterialshavebeendonea1,000experimentmanytimesandfailed.Havealaughathisneighbour,"Doyouknowtodo1,000experimentshavefailedmanytimes?"Edisonsaid,"Iamnotfoundmorethan1,000kindsofinappropriatematerialfilamentsoit?"Edisonfailedtolookatfromanotherangle,heisquitesurethatitcanbethemostsuitablematerials,ispreciselybecauseofthisself-confidence,theyareabletomakeunremittingefforts,finallysuccessful.Peopletolovelife,lovelife,tohaveself-confidence,itisnecessarytomakeunremittingeffortstowardsthetarget,likeAiQinA.ThetwoparagraphsareparallelingB.ThethirdparagraphistheillustrationoftheprioroneC.CauseandeffectD.Comparisonandcontrast

22、Whenateachersays"Next,pleasepayattentiontothetimeofarrivalanddepartureoftheplanesintherecording.",he/sheintendstodevelopstudents'skillof__________.A.predictingB.gettingthegeneralpictureC.distinguishingsoundsD.