新人教版八年级英语下册第一单元知识点3

/Unit1What’sthematter?一、询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时,常用以下句型:1.What’sthematter(withsb)?2.What’sthetrouble/problem(withsb)?3.What’swrong（withsb）?你怎么了?4.What’sone’strouble/problem?5.What’sup?6.Whathappenedtosb?7.AreyouOK? 8.Isthereanythingwrongwithsb?二、表达身体不适或疼痛时,常用以下结构:1.Sb+have/has+a/an+疾病名称:haveacold/fever/cough/temperature2.Sb+have/hasasore+身体部位:haveasorethroat/back3.Sb+have/has+a+身体部位—achehaveatoothache/headache/stomachache/earache/backache4.Sb+hurt(s)+身体部位/oneself;Hehurthisleg.或身体部位+hurts;Myheadhurtsbadly.5.Thereissomethingwrongwithone’s+身体部位。6.Sb+have/hasapaininone’s+身体部位三、情态动词should/should’t的用法:意为’应该,应当’后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议,或义务和责任,还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;1.Youshouldliedownandrest.2.Youshould’teatsomuchnexttime.3.WhatshouldIdo?4.ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?Yes,youshould./No,youshould’t.SectionA1.soreadj.疼痛的可作定语或表语Shehasasorethroat/back.Mylegisverysore.2.backn.后面,背面Hesatatthebackoftheclassroom.adv.回(原处)comeback3.lie躺,卧lay.lain.lyingliedown躺下撒谎lied.lied.lyingYouarelyingtome.n.谎言假话tellalie/lieslay.laid.laid.laying产卵下蛋放置4.rest休息v./n.Youshouldrestforafewdays.getsomerest=have(take)arest/abreak/breaks休息一下5.toone‘ssurprise使某人惊讶的是常作插入语,位于句首Tohissurprise,shefailedtheexam.insurprise吃惊地surprising物Whatsurprisingnews!Surprised人besurprisedtodo/besurprisedatsth/besurprisedthat…6.muchtoo+形容词,太,toomany+可数名词复数,太多……toomuch+不可数名词,太多…也可做副词talktoomuch7.enough形容、副词,足够的/地,(1)enough+名词;enoughwater(2)形副+enough;goodenough8.soundlike+名词代词和从句:听起来像Itsoundslikeyoudon’tknowthetruth..Itsoundslikeagoodidea.Sound(look/feel/taste/smell)+形容词听起来...eg.Themusicsoundsnice.9.need(1).需要,实义动词人作主语need+sth,需要某物;need(sb)todosth.需要做某事,(2).物作主语;sthneedsdoing/tobedone;Theroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.(3)情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句NeedIstayhere?Yes,youmust./No,youneed’t.10.agree同意,赞同disagree(反义词)agreewithsb.同意某人agreetodo.同意做某事11.rightaway=rightnow=atonce,意为马上。12.advice(不可数)建议,意见apieceofadvice一条建议givesb.adviceonsth./takeone’sadviceadvise[动词]advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisedoingsth.建议做某事13.hurt和物动词,使……疼痛,……受伤,Hehurthisleg.Hehurtherfeelings.不和物动词,……(部位)疼。Hisleghurtbadly.14.hithit(过去式)(用手或器具)打;击打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位;hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位。当名词用时;gethitonthehead头部受到撞击15.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事Isawaboyplayingfootballnearmyhome.Seesbdosth看见某人做某事(强调全过程)Wesawhimcrosstheroad.16.shouttosb向某人喊话shoutatsb冲某人叫喊(贬义）shoutforhelp大声呼救17.expectsbtodosth期待某人去做某事。18.thinkabout(+doing)考虑thinkof想起,认为thinkover仔细考虑thinkup想出19.falldown（+from）摔倒,跌倒fallbehind落后,跟不上fallinto落入…fallasleep入睡Fallinlovewith爱上…falloff…从……跌落下来20.反身代词myself./yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves作同位语;Didyoumakethecakeyourself?做表语I’mnotmyselftoday.enjoyoneselfhelponeselfto…byoneselfhurt/cutoneselfteachoneself=learnsthbyoneself21.trouble(不可数);苦恼,问题beintrouble处于困境getintotrouble陷入困境maketrouble制造麻烦havetrouble/difficulties/problems(in)doingsth做有麻烦做某事有困难22.put……onsth在某物上放……putsomemedicineonthecut(伤口)putabandageonit在它上面放绷带23.inthesameway以同样的方式onthewayto在去……的路上intheway挡路outoftheway不再碍事bytheway顺便说一下inthisway用这种方法inaway在某种程度上24.getanX-ray拍X光片takeone’stemperature量体温hotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶seeadentist看牙医gotoadoctor=gotoseeadoctor=gotothedoctor’s看医生getoff下车geton上车allweekend整个周末awayfrom远离fortoolong太长时间onthesideoftheroad在马路边withoutthinkingtwice没多想getsunburned被晒伤haveaheartproblem有心脏病feelveryhot感到很热thanksto多亏,由于(=becauseof=withthehelpof)haveanosebleed流鼻血cuthisknee割伤他的膝盖putherheadback把她的头向后仰savealife挽救生命intime和时ontime准时dotherightthing做正确的事gomountainclimbing去爬山SectionB1.sickadj.①生病的,有病的。作表语和定语。ill只能作表语be/feelsick=beill②恶心的Ifeelalittlesick.③厌倦的besickofI’msickofrunning.2.beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be=get=become)Heisusedtogettingupearly.beusedtodosth=beusedforsth/doing被用于做某事Woodisusedtomakehouses.Usedtodosth过去常做某事Heusedtogotoworkbybus.3.takearisk=takerisks冒险theriskofsth/doing……的风险atrisk在危险中risktodosth.冒险去做某事4.inaverydangeroussituation在一种非常危险的情况下5.sth.runout某物用完,用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.6．blood血,不可数。adropofblood一滴血bloody有血的,出血的getoutof离开,从…出来7.meanmeant动词①意思是meandoingsth意味着做某事②打算meantodosthImeantogotomorrow.meaning名词,含义意思。mean形容词:小气的,吝啬的Whatdoyoumeanbytheword?=Whatdoesthewordmean?=Whatisthemeaningoftheword?8.theimportanceof(doing)sth做某事的重要性Doyouunderstandtheimportanceofstudyinghard?importantunimportant(不)重要的9.free形容词:空闲的freetime;免费的Thedrinkisforfree;自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.free【动词】使……解脱,得到自由：Hecouldnotfreehisarm.10.makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth=makeupone’smingtodosth=determinetodosth下决心做某事11.beincontrolof…掌管,管理Theheadmasterisincontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol无法控制,无法管理undercontrol在控制之下12.death名词（不）die动词dead形容词dying形容词：垂死的,临终的Heisafraidofdeath.