2023年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案

2023年同等学力申硕英语考试练习题及答案试卷一一、词汇选择（10分）1.Thenewpolicyisdesignedtospureconomicgrowthintheregion.A.stimulateB.limitC.controlD.stop答案：A。“spur”意为“刺激、促进”，“stimulate”也有“刺激、激励”之意，二者意思相近；“limit”是“限制”；“control”是“控制”；“stop”是“停止”。2.Hisassertivebehavioroftenmakesothersfeeluncomfortable.A.shyB.confidentandforcefulC.quietD.weak答案：B。“assertive”表示“坚定自信且果断的”，“confidentandforceful”意思与之相符；“shy”是“害羞的”；“quiet”是“安静的”；“weak”是“虚弱的”。3.Thecompanyisfacingaseverefinancialcrisis.A.slightB.seriousC.minorD.easy答案：B。“severe”意为“严重的”，“serious”同样表示“严重的”；“slight”是“轻微的”；“minor”是“次要的、较小的”；“easy”是“容易的”。4.Theoldmanhasavigorouspersonality,alwaysfullofenergy.A.weakB.activeandstrongC.lazyD.slow答案：B。“vigorous”指“精力充沛的、有活力的”，“activeandstrong”与之意思相近；“weak”是“虚弱的”；“lazy”是“懒惰的”；“slow”是“缓慢的”。5.Theprofessorgavealucidexplanationofthecomplextheory.A.clearB.confusingC.difficultD.longwinded答案：A。“lucid”表示“清晰易懂的”，“clear”也是“清晰的”；“confusing”是“令人困惑的”；“difficult”是“困难的”；“longwinded”是“冗长的”。6.Thenewsoftwarehasalotofglitches,whichneedtobefixed.A.advantagesB.problemsC.featuresD.functions答案：B。“glitches”指“小故障、问题”，“problems”与之同义；“advantages”是“优点”；“features”是“特征”；“functions”是“功能”。7.Theathlete'sstaminawasremarkable,allowinghimtorunlongdistanceswithoutgettingtired.A.strengthB.enduranceC.speedD.skill答案：B。“stamina”意为“耐力、持久力”，“endurance”也表示“耐力”；“strength”是“力量”；“speed”是“速度”；“skill”是“技能”。8.Theartist'sworkischaracterizedbyitsoriginality.A.commonnessB.uniquenessC.popularityD.simplicity答案：B。“originality”指“独创性、新颖性”，“uniqueness”表示“独特性”；“commonness”是“普通、共性”；“popularity”是“受欢迎程度”；“simplicity”是“简单”。9.Themanagermadeaprudentdecisiontoavoidrisks.A.carelessB.wiseandcautiousC.hastyD.reckless答案：B。“prudent”意为“谨慎的、明智的”，“wiseandcautious”意思相符；“careless”是“粗心的”；“hasty”是“仓促的”；“reckless”是“鲁莽的”。10.Thecityhasundergoneadrasticchangeinthepastdecade.A.smallB.gradualC.radicalD.slow答案：C。“drastic”表示“激烈的、巨大的”，“radical”也有“彻底的、激进的”意思；“small”是“小的”；“gradual”是“逐渐的”；“slow”是“缓慢的”。二、阅读理解（25分）Passage1Intheworldofmoderntechnology,thesmartphonehasbecomeanindispensablepartofourlives.Ithasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate,work,andentertainourselves.Withasmartphone,wecanmakecalls,sendtextmessages,accesstheInternet,takephotosandvideos,anduseawidevarietyofapplications.Oneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofsmartphonesistheirabilitytoconnectpeoplefromallovertheworld.SocialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook,Twitter,andInstagramhavemadeitpossibleforustostayintouchwithfriendsandfamily,nomatterhowfarawaytheyare.Wecanshareourexperiences,photos,andthoughtswithothersinrealtime.Smartphoneshavealsotransformedthewaywework.Manyprofessionalsusetheirsmartphonestocheckemails,attendvirtualmeetings,andaccessimportantdocuments.Thishasincreasedproductivityandmadeiteasierforpeopletoworkremotely.However,smartphonesalsohavesomedrawbacks.Oneofthemainconcernsistheissueofaddiction.Manypeoplespendhourseachdaygluedtotheirscreens,whichcanhaveanegativeimpactontheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Excessiveuseofsmartphoneshasbeenlinkedtoproblemssuchaseyestrain,neckpain,andsleepdisorders.Anotherproblemistheinvasionofprivacy.Withthelargeamountofpersonalinformationstoredonsmartphones,thereisariskofthisinformationbeingaccessedbyunauthorizedparties.Hackerscanstealpersonaldata,suchascreditcardnumbersandpasswords,whichcanleadtofinanciallossandidentitytheft.1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Smartphonesareveryexpensive.B.Smartphoneshavechangedourlives.C.Smartphonesaredifficulttouse.D.Smartphonesareonlyforentertainment.答案：B。第一段主要讲述了智能手机已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，彻底改变了我们交流、工作和娱乐的方式，所以选B。2.Howdosmartphoneshelppeoplestayconnected?A.Byprovidingfreecalls.B.ByofferinghighspeedInternet.C.Throughsocialmediaplatforms.D.Bysendinglargesizephotos.答案：C。文中提到社交媒体平台如Facebook、Twitter和Instagram让我们无论朋友和家人多远都能保持联系，所以选C。3.Howhavesmartphoneschangedthewaypeoplework?A.Theyhavemadeworkmoredifficult.B.Theyhavereducedproductivity.C.Theyhavemaderemoteworkeasier.D.Theyhavereplacedtraditionaloffices.答案：C。文中说许多专业人士用智能手机查邮件、参加虚拟会议和访问重要文件，提高了生产力，让远程工作更容易，所以选C。4.Whatisoneofthenegativeeffectsofsmartphoneaddiction?A.Improvedeyesight.B.Bettersleepquality.C.Physicalandmentalhealthproblems.D.Increasedsocialskills.答案：C。文中提到过度使用智能手机与眼疲劳、颈痛和睡眠障碍等问题有关，会对身心健康产生负面影响，所以选C。5.Whatistheriskassociatedwiththelargeamountofpersonalinformationonsmartphones?A.Informationbeingsharedwithfriends.B.Unauthorizedaccessanddatatheft.C.Theinformationbeingdeletedaccidentally.D.Thephonerunningoutofmemory.答案：B。文中指出智能手机存储大量个人信息，存在被未经授权方访问的风险，黑客可能窃取个人数据，导致财务损失和身份盗窃，所以选B。Passage2Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedincreasingattentioninrecentyears.Itreferstothedevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Oneofthekeyaspectsofsustainabledevelopmentisenvironmentalprotection.Thisincludesmeasuressuchasreducingpollution,conservingnaturalresources,andprotectingbiodiversity.Forexample,manycountriesarenowinvestinginrenewableenergysourceslikesolar,wind,andhydropowertoreducetheirdependenceonfossilfuels.Anotherimportantaspectissocialdevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstoimprovethequalityoflifeforallpeople,especiallythepoorandvulnerable.Thiscanbeachievedthroughinitiativessuchasprovidingaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andcleanwater.Economicdevelopmentisalsoanintegralpartofsustainabledevelopment.Itisnecessarytoensurethateconomicgrowthisinclusiveanddoesnotcauseenvironmentaldegradation.Forinstance,somecompaniesareadoptingsustainablebusinesspractices,suchasusingrecycledmaterialsandreducingwaste,toachievebotheconomicandenvironmentalgoals.However,achievingsustainabledevelopmentisnotwithoutchallenges.Oneofthemaindifficultiesistheconflictbetweenshorttermeconomicinterestsandlongtermenvironmentalandsocialgoals.Manybusinessesandgovernmentsaremoreconcernedwithimmediateprofitsandeconomicgrowth,ratherthaninvestinginsustainablesolutions.Anotherchallengeisthelackofawarenessandunderstandingamongthegeneralpublic.Manypeoplearenotfullyawareoftheimportanceofsustainabledevelopmentandtheactionstheycantaketocontributetoit.6.Whatdoessustainabledevelopmentmean?A.Developmentthatfocusesonlyonthepresent.B.Developmentthatsacrificesthefutureforthepresent.C.Developmentthatmeetspresentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerations.D.Developmentthatonlyemphasizeseconomicgrowth.答案：C。文中明确提到可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足自身需求能力的前提下满足当代人的需求，所以选C。7.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofenvironmentalprotectioninsustainabledevelopment?A.Usingmorefossilfuels.B.Cuttingdownmoretrees.C.Investinginrenewableenergy.D.Increasingindustrialpollution.答案：C。文中提到许多国家投资太阳能、风能和水能等可再生能源以减少对化石燃料的依赖，这是环境保护的措施，所以选C。8.Howcansustainabledevelopmentimprovesocialdevelopment?A.Byignoringthepoor.B.Byprovidingaccesstobasicservices.C.Byreducingeconomicgrowth.D.Byincreasingenvironmentalpollution.答案：B。文中指出可持续发展旨在通过提供教育、医疗和清洁水等举措来提高所有人尤其是贫困和弱势群体的生活质量，所以选B。9.Whyisitdifficulttoachievesustainabledevelopment?A.Becausetherearenoeconomicbenefits.B.Becauseoftheconflictbetweenshorttermandlongtermgoals.C.Becausetheenvironmentisalreadytoodamaged.D.Becausetherearenotechnologicalsolutions.答案：B。文中提到实现可持续发展的一个主要困难是短期经济利益与长期环境和社会目标之间的冲突，所以选B。10.Whatisanotherchallengeforsustainabledevelopment?A.Toomuchgovernmentsupport.B.Highawarenessamongthepublic.C.Lackofpublicawarenessandunderstanding.D.Excessiveinvestmentinsustainablesolutions.答案：C。文中提到另一个挑战是公众缺乏意识和理解，很多人没有充分意识到可持续发展的重要性以及自己可以采取的行动，所以选C。三、完型填空（10分）Inrecentyears,theproblemofplasticpollutionhasbecomeincreasinglyserious.Plasticwasteisfoundeverywhere,fromthedeepestoceanstothehighestmountains.Itisamajorthreattotheenvironmentandwildlife.Oneofthemainreasonsforplasticpollutionisthe11useofsingleuseplastics.Theseareitemssuchasplasticbags,straws,anddisposablecutlerythatareusedonlyonceandthenthrownaway.Theproductionandconsumptionoftheseplasticshave12rapidlyinthepastfewdecades.Anotherfactorcontributingtoplasticpollutionisthelackofproperwastemanagement.Inmanypartsoftheworld,plasticwasteisnotrecycledordisposedofcorrectly.Instead,itoftenendsupinlandfillsorisdumpedintotheenvironment.Toaddressthisproblem,thereareseveral13thatcanbetaken.Oneapproachistoreducetheuseofsingleuseplastics.Governmentscanintroducepoliciestobanorlimittheproductionanduseoftheseitems.Forexample,somecountrieshavealreadybannedplasticbagsinsupermarkets.Anothersolutionistoimprovewastemanagementsystems.Thisincludesincreasingrecyclingratesanddevelopingbettermethodsfordisposingofplasticwaste.Recyclingcanhelpto14theamountofplasticthatendsupintheenvironment.Educationalsoplaysacrucialrole.Byraisingawarenessaboutthe15ofplasticpollution,peoplecanbeencouragedtomakemoresustainablechoices.Forinstance,individualscanchoosetousereusablebagsandbottlesinsteadofsingleuseones.11.A.limitedB.excessiveC.smallD.rare答案：B。根据后文提到一次性塑料只使用一次就被扔掉，说明是过度使用，“excessive”意为“过度的”，所以选B。12.A.declinedB.increasedC.remainedD.stopped答案：B。在过去几十年，一次性塑料的生产和消费应该是迅速增加了，“increased”符合语境，所以选B。13.A.solutionsB.problemsC.reasonsD.effects答案：A。前面提到要解决问题，这里说有几种可以采取的措施，“solutions”是“解决方案”，所以选A。14.A.increaseB.reduceC.maintainD.change答案：B。回收利用能帮助减少最终进入环境的塑料数量，“reduce”是“减少”，所以选B。15.A.benefitsB.causesC.consequencesD.sources答案：C。通过提高人们对塑料污染后果的认识，能鼓励人们做出更可持续的选择，“consequences”是“后果”，所以选C。四、翻译（15分）英译汉Intoday'sglobalizedworld,culturalexchangehasbecomemoreimportantthanever.Itallowspeoplefromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundstounderstandeachotherbetter.Throughculturalexchange,wecanlearnaboutdifferenttraditions,values,andwaysoflife.Forexample,artexhibitions,musicfestivals,andinternationalsportseventsareallformsofculturalexchange.Theyprovideplatformsforpeopletoshowcasetheiruniqueculturesandinteractwithothers.Inaddition,theInternethasalsogreatlyfacilitatedculturalexchange.Peoplecannoweasilyaccessinformationaboutdifferentculturesfromallovertheworldthroughwebsitesandsocialmedia.However,culturalexchangealsofacessomechallenges.Oneofthemainchallengesistheissueofculturaldifferences.Sometimes,misunderstandingscanoccurduetodifferentculturalnormsandvalues.Toovercomethesechallenges,weneedtobemoreopenmindedandrespectfulofothercultures.在当今全球化的世界里，文化交流比以往任何时候都更加重要。它使来自不同国家和不同背景的人们能够更好地相互理解。通过文化交流，我们可以了解不同的传统、价值观和生活方式。例如，艺术展览、音乐节和国际体育赛事都是文化交流的形式。它们为人们提供了展示其独特文化并与他人互动的平台。此外，互联网也极大地促进了文化交流。如今，人