2024年北京市中考英语真题及答案解析

2024年北京市初中学业水平姓名准考证号考场号座位号考生须知1.本试卷共10页，共两部分，五道大题，38道小题，满分60分，考试时间90分2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()1.MyfriendsandIlikesports.oftenplaybasketballtogetherafterschool.A.WeB.IC.TheyD.You()2.TheChang'e-6landedonthefarsideofthemoonJune2,2024.A.atB.onC.toD.in()3.—Bill,Ius—Ofcourseyoucan.Hereyouare.A.canB.mustC.needD.should()4.Whatalovelyreadingroom!It'soneofinourschool.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest()5.—Lily,yournewschoolbagispretty.didyoubuyit?—Inastorenearmyhome.A.HowB.WhereC.WhyD.When()6.—Hi,Mike!Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithme?——Yes,I'dloveto,Ihavetofinishmyscienceprojectfirst.A.andB.orC.butD.for()7.—WhatdidyoudolastSaturday,Tina?—Itothenursinghomeandworkedasavolunteerthere.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.wasgoing()8.AlotofpeopleinChinabyhigh-speedtraineveryyear.A.travelB.traveledC.willtravelD.havetraveled()9.—Amy,youdidn'tanswermycallyesterdayevening.Whatwereyoudoing?—Sorry,Ididn'thearthering.Iabookinmystudy.A.amreadingB.havereadC.wasreadingD.willread()10.Withthehelpofmyteacher,ImuchprogressinEnglishsincelastyear.A.ammakingB.willmakeC.wasmakingD.havemade()11.Chinesebymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldthesedays.A.speaksB.spokeC.isspokenD.wasspoken()12.—Tim,doyouknowt—Sure!NextFriday.A.whendidweholdB.whenweheldC.whenwillweholdD.whenwewillhold二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Everysummer,SerenaspenttwoweeksatGreenFarm'shorsebackridingcamp.Lastyear,SerenaandherfavoritehorsePiperfinishedsecondintheobstaclecourse(障碍赛赛道)ra"Ican'twaittoridePiper,"SerenatoldRose,hercoach.Rosesmiledandsaid,"Sorry,butweneedtosavePiperforournewer13thisyear.She'soneofthebest-behavedhorses.HowaboutyoutryridingHarley?"Serenafelt14andwasalittlescared(害怕的)atthesightofHarley,thetallesthorse,butshestayedhopeful.AsshewastryingtorideHarley,hewentuponhisbacklegs,throwingSerenaoff.Shelandedonthehardground,hereyesfilledwithtears."I'’mscaredofHarley,andhe'stoohardto15,"SerenatoldRose."Harleyisinanewplacewithanewpersononhisback,”Roseexplained.“I’msurehe'sprettyscared,too.Butifyoutrusthim,hewilltrustyou."Serenadecidedthatitwastimeforafresh16"Iknowyou'reafraidofme.We'restillstrangers,andit'suptometomakesurethatwebecomefriends,"shetalkedtoHarley17.Afterawhile,Harleycalmed(平静)down,andSerenarealizedthatshewasalsofeelingcalmer.ShethenledHarleyforawalkaroundtheringsothathecouldgetusedtobeingwithherandfollowingherdirections.Soon,SerenaandHarleymadeprogresstogetherastheirconfidenceineachother18.Bytheendofthefirstweek,theyhadcompletedtheobstaclecoursetogether.Onthefinaldayofthecampwasthebagrace.SerenaconfidentlyclimbedontoHarley.Harley,19theexcitementoftheday,ranthroughthecourselikeamadmanandeasilywon.TheotherhorseswerejustnomatchforHarley.RosehandedSerenathewinner'strophywithawink(眨眼).Serenasuddenlyrealizedthherto20herselftobeabetterrider,eventhoughshewouldhavehadanicetimewithPiper.SerenagaveRoseahugandthentookthetrophy,andacarrot,overtoHarley.()13.A.leadersB.ridersC.climbersD.drivers()14.A.stupidB.disappointedC.comfortableD.lucky()15.A.refuseB.raiseC.cheat()16.A.answerB.memoryC.startD.topic()17.A.angrilyB.softlyC.curiouslyD.sadly()18.A.fellB.returnedC.grewD.remained()19.A.sensingB.breakingC.hidingD.spreading()20.A.adviseB.acceptC.chooseD.challenge三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)(一)阅读下列商店介绍，请根据人物需求匹配最适合的商店，并将商店所对应的选项(A、B、C、D)AWhite'sBWhite'sBWlliam'sWhite'sisaplaceforfruitlovers.InthisWilliam'sisinabeautifulnewbuilding.store,you'llfinddifferentkindsoffruits.TheyThestoresellsfreshfood.Italsomakestastyareallgrownonourlocalfarmsandsoldatlowcakesandcookiestotakeawaygreatforprices.celebrations!22.Petertobuyabigcakeandsomecookieafortheparty.Mygrandpalikesdoingmorningexerciseinthep23.Parker'sThisstoreofferswomen'sclothes.Manyofthemaremadefromnaturalmaterials.There'salsoanareasellingbeautifulhandmadohats.Mother'sDayiscoming.Pdliketobuyabeautifulhatformymom.I'msureshewilllikeit.HelenBrown'sThisstoreispopularforitsshoesatfairprices.Anditisalwaysthefirstintowntoofferchildren'sclothininnewdesigns.21.(二)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。BTheschoolyearbegan.Aspresidentoftherecyclingclub,Scottwasthinkingaboutnewactivitiestoencourageotherstudentstobecomemoreenthusiastic(热心的)aboutrecycling.Hisclubhadhelpedtorecyclealotofwasteforthepastfiveyearsandhehopedthatthisyeartheywoulddoevenbetter.Scottwenthomeonedayandlookedonline,hopingtofindideasforeventstheclubcouldorganizeatschool.Duringhisresearch,helearnedthattheamount(数量)ofelectronicwaste,ore-waste,isincreasingrapidly.Scottwasupsetwithhimselffornotnoticingthisproblemsooner.Atthatmoment,hebegantodevelopaplan."ThereisaspecialprojectIwantustoworkonthisterm,"Scottannounced(宣布)attherecyclingclubmeetingthenextday.“Wehaveallheardaboute-waste,butrecentlyIlearnedaboutthebadeffectsit'shavingonourenvironment."Hewentontotelltheclubmembersthathewantedthemtoorganizeane-wastedrive—adaywhenstudentsandtheirfamiliescoulddropoffunwantedelectronicstoberecycled."Nowlet'sgettowork!"Forseveralweeks,therecyclingclubwasbusypreparingfortheupcominge-wastedrive,ore-driveasitwassooncalled.Thebigdayfinallyarrived,andScottwasnervous.Heandtheothermembersarrivedatschoolearlytomakesurethateverythingwouldgosmoothly.Everyonewaitedeagerly,hopingthatstudentsoftheschoolwouldtakepartintheevent.Itwasn'tlongbeforethefirstcarspulledintotheschoolparkinglot.Afterawhile,morepeoplearrived.Phones,TVsets,computersandkeyboardssoonbeganpilingup(堆积).Attheendoftheevent,Scottheardsomeonesuggestthattheschoolshouldhaveane-driveeventeveryterm.Scottsmiled,realizingthatasimpleactioncouldtrulyhavealastinginfluence.()24.WhatdidScottlearnduringhisresearchonline?A.Studentsareenthusiasticaboutrecycling.B.Thereisalotofwasterecycledeveryyear.C.Theamountofe-wasteisincreasingrapidly.D.Therearemanyrecyclingclubsinthecountry.A.Proud.B.Upset.C.Excited.D.Nervous.()26.WhatdidScottrealizeattheendofthee-driveevent?A.Environmentalproblemscouldbesolved.B.Asimpleactioncouldbringalong-termeffect.C.Teamworkisvaluableforthesuccessofevents.D.Familymembersareinterestedinschoolactivities.CSamHillisreallybadatfindinghiswayfromplacetoplace.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeHill—andtheiropposites,whoalwaysseemtoknowexactlywheretheyareandhowtogetwheretheywanttogo.Ithasprovedhardtoexplainwhy.However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,there'snewexcitementhappeningintheresearchworld.Anexperimentwascarriedoutin2022tofindoutwhatmightinfluencewayfindingability.Researchersdevelopedanonlinegameinwhichplayerstravelbyboattofindwherealotofcheckpointslie.Thegameaskedplayerstoprovidebasicbackgroundinformation,andnearlyfourmillionpeopleworldwidedidso.Throughthegame,theresearcherswereabletojudgenavigational(辨识方向的)abilitybylookingathowfareachpersontraveledtoreachallthecheekpoints.Thentheycomparedplayers’performancewiththeirbackgroundinformation.TheresearchersfoundthatNorthernEuropeansseemedtobebetternavigations,perhapsbecausetheyloveorienteering(定向越野),asportwhichinvolvescross-countryrunningandnavigation.Andthosefromcitieswithmoredisorganizedstreetnetworks(网状系统)didbetterthanthosefromcitieswithorderlyones.Perhapspeopleofplannedcitiesdon'tneedtobuildcomplex(复杂的)mapsintheirminds.Researchresultslikethesesuggestthatpeople'slifeexperiencedecideshowwelltheyfindtheirway.Infact,experiencemayevenexplainapopularbeliefthatmenaremorelikelytoperformbetterthanwomen.Itturnsoutthatthisdifferenceismoreaquestionofcultureandexperiencethanofinbornability.NorthernEuropeans,forexample,showalmostnogplaceswherewomenfaceculturallimitsonexploringtheirenvironmentontheirown.ThatfindingisalsosupportedbystudiesontheTsimane,acommunitylivinginaforestinSouthAmerica.ResearchersputGPSunitson305Tsimanepeopletochecktheirdailymovementsoverathree-dayperiod,andfoundnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninnavigationalability.Evenchildrenperformedverywell—aresult,researchersthink,ofgrowingupinanenvironmentthatencourageschildrentoexploretheforest.()27.Whywasanexperimentcarriedoutin2022?A.Todevelopanonlinewayfindinggame.B.Toimprovetheplayers'wayfindingability.C.Topickoutpeoplewhoareweakinwayfinding.D.Tofindoutwhypeoplearedifferentinwayfindingability.()28.Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablythebestatfindingtheirway?A.Awomanwhooftenexploresnature.B.AgirlwhostudiesSouthAmericanculture.C.Amanwhorunsonasportsgroundeverymorning.D.Aboywholivesinacitywithanorderlystreetnetwork.()29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Goodnavigatorsaremostlymade,notborn.B.Navigationskillsdifferbetweenthegenders.C.Navigationskillsarepasseddown,neverlost.D.Goodnavigatorsbringdevelopmentsintechnology.DAlmosteveryonehasexperiencedthefeelingofdiscomfortwhentheiractionsdonotagreewiththeirinnervalues.Aman,forexample,valueswork-lifebalanceyetworks80hourseveryweek,caringlittleabouthisownhealthandfamily.Anotherexampleisaboywhoholdshisparents'lovedearbutgetsangryattheminamomentofstress;orawomanwhohopestolivehealthilybutgivesintotheattractionoffastfoodduringmomentsofweakness.Thisdisagreementcanleadtoseriousresults,suchasworseningrelationships,limitedpersonalgrowth,andself-doubt.Theemotionaleffectsoffeelingoutofcontrolandunabletoliveuptoourownstandardscanalsobedeeplyharmful.Theshameandupsetthatgoalongwiththesefeelingsoftenforceusintosilence,resultinginmoreself-doubt.Onereasonforthissilencemightbethatadmitting(承认)tothesebehaviorscanfeellikeshowingaweaknessormistakethatsocietytellsusshouldbekepthidden.What'smore,recognizingthisdisagreementrequirescomingfacetofacewithuncomfortabletruthsaboutourselves—aprocessthatisasdiscouragingasitisnecessaryforgrowth.Recognizingandaddressingthesebehaviorscanprovideapossibilityofchange.Bylookingintothecausesofourbehaviors,wecanbegintounderstandouractionsmoreeasilyandworktowardstickingtoourbeliefs.Researchsupportstheideathatrecognizingthisdisagreement,togetherwithmindfulnessandopencommunication,canhelpwiththisprocess.Thesemethodshelpusslowdown,reflect(反思),andchoosebehaviorsthatfollowourvaluesmoreclosely,eveninthefaceofoldhabitsorimmediateneeds.Thekeytodealingwiththisdisagreementliesincompassion(同情)forourselvesandothers.Bydevelopingacultureofopennessandbyunderstandingthechallengesofaligningbehaviorswithbeliefs,wecanbegintobreakdownwhatpreventsusfromhavingconversationandchange.Admittingthatthisdisagreementisasharedpartofthehumanexperiencecanenableustospeakopenly,findsupport,andtakenecessarystepsto-wardtheagreementbetweenourinnerworldandouractions.Whilethedisagreementbetweenourinnervaluesandactionsmaybecommon,throughreflection,under-standingandpurposefulpractice,wecanbridgethedivideandsetoutonajourneyofself-discovery.()30.WhydoesthewriterusetheexamplesinParagraph1?A.Tostressanunavoidableneed.B.Toshowaresultofthewrongvalues.C.Todescribeacommonhumanexperience.D.Tointroduceachangeinpeople'srelationships.()31.Whatdoestheword“aligning”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Matching.B.Comparing.C.Mixing.D.Confusing.()32.Whichofthefollowingwouldthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A.Discomfortforcesustogiveupourbeliefs.B.Ourbehaviorsweakenourunderstandingsoflife.C.Opencommunicationmakesitpossibleforustochange.D.Keepingsilentallowsustimetoliveuptoourstandards.()33.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletostaytruetotheirbeliefs.B.Toprovetheimportanceofhavingtherightvalues.C.Tocomparedifferentwaystodealwithdiscomfort.D.Todiscusstheinfluenceofpeople'simproperactions.第二部分本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。四、阅读表达(第34-36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分)Recently,Istartedtouseanapptokeeparecordofmyrunning.EachrunIwantedtogoalittlefarther,runalittlefasterandburnmorecalories(卡路里).LastnightIfinishedan8.3-kmrunin46minutesandburnt468calories.Incomparison,myruntwodaysagowas8.6kmin46minuteswith483caloriesburnt.Thisinnerself-comparisonleftmefeelingdisappointed.Ibecamesofocused(专注的)onthenumbersthatIforgottoconsiderwhatIachieved.Thesetinydifferencesinnumberskeptmeawayfromthebiggerpicture:howdidIactuallyfeelaftercompletingmymostrecentrun?Well,honestly,Iwascompletelytiredout.Whatgoodisrunningtobeatyourtopscoreifyoudon'tfeelontop?Weshouldexerciseforthepurposeofbuildingourconfidence.Andworkingoutharderandfastermayservethatpurpose.Butconfidencebuildingcomeswithbeingabletodomoreinourday-to-daylife,experiencinglesspainandmorefreedominmovement,andfeelinggoodafteraworkout.Fitnessshouldhelpuswithourquality(质量)oflife,theabilitytosleep,goodmemory,amongotherthings.Fitnessshouldnotjustcomewiththeeagernessforthesuccessinnumbers.Inourbusylives,weonlyhavelimitedtimeforfitness.Whenwedophysicalexercise,weshouldvaluewhatfeelsgoodoverwhatlooksorsoundsgood.Sometimeswhatservesusandourhealthiscominghomeanddoingalightworkout,likegoingonashortbikeride.Sometimeswhatservesusissimplygoingtosleepat9:30p.m.insteadofforcingourselvesintoaworkout.Appsofthiskindareagreatwayforustokeepaneyeonourhealth.Butdon'treadintothenumberstothepointwhereyouloseoutonfeelingproudthatyouaretakingcareofyourself.Somyadviceis:whenyoudophysicalexercise,makesureyoufeelgoodaboutyourselfoverfeelinggoodaboutthenumbers.34.Whydidthewriterstarttousetheapp?35.Whatdidthewriterforgettoconsiderwhenhebecametoofocusedonthenumbers?36.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldbeourpurposeofdoing