2026秋九上英语人教版Unit 2 Inspiring people 单元核心素养培优卷

2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心素养培优卷人教版（新教材）Unit2Inspiringpeople本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。LiuGuizhenis60yearsoldthisyear.Overthepast45years,shehas1asadoctor,ateacherandavillageleader.In1978,hervillagedidn’thaveadoctor.Liustudied2atcollegeandlatersheworkedasavillagedoctor.Villagersneverneededto3hervisits.Withtheirpainrelieved(缓解),manyvillagers4her.Later,sheevenstartedto5patientsfromaneighboringvillage,astheirdoctorwasabouttoretire(退休).In1988,6itsonlyteacherleft,thestudentsinDuanjiawanprimaryschooldidn’ttakeclassesfortwomonths.Atlast,Liu7tobetheirteacher.In1996,villagers8Liuastheleaderofthevillage.Thereweren’tany9resources(资源)inthevillage.Manyvillagersgrewcornandpotatoestomakealiving.Afterdoingseveralsurveys,Liufoundthatitwasagoodideatogrowpinetrees.10,changingvillagers’ideaswasnevergoingtobeeasy,asmanyofthemwereworriedaboutthe11andafraidoflosingmoney.Liuandherhusband12decidedtosetanexample.Theytooktheriskandtheywerethefirstto13pinetrees.Aftertwoyears,theyoungtreesweresoldfor75,000yuan.In2017,thevillageplantedtreeseedlingsonabout6.7hectares.Nowthevillagersarebecomingmuch14thanbefore.“I’mjustacommonpersonfromamountainvillageandIjustdidsome15things.”Liusays.Whatakindpersonsheis!1．A．worked B．shared C．controlled D．imagined2．A．science B．technology C．medicine D．education3．A．takein B．giveup C．bringout D．payfor4．A．check B．trusted C．protected D．tested5．A．prevent B．refuse C．receive D．praise6．A．after B．before C．whether D．although7．A．helped B．volunteered C．warned D．supported8．A．interviewed B．mentioned C．chose D．described9．A．traditional B．environmental C．medical D．natural10．A．So B．However C．Also D．Besides11．A．dangers B．chances C．risks D．efforts12．A．nearly B．luckily C．easily D．finally13．A．plant B．discover C．cut D．paint14．A．richer B．poorer C．healthier D．weaker15．A．private B．simple C．accidental D．great二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。AHuangXuhua,agreatChinesescientist,wasborninGuangdongProvincein1926.Whenhewasyoung,hesawthehardtimesofChinaunderforeignattacks.Hedecidedtomakethecountrystrongwithhisknowledge.Inthe1950s,Chinastartedtodevelopnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇).Itwasatoughjob.ButHuangandhisteamtookonthischallenge.Tokeeptheprojectsecret,theystoppedcontactingtheoutsideworld,eventheirfamilies.Duringthedesignprocess,theymetalotofproblems.Forexample,designinganuclearreactor(核反应堆)wasreallyhard.Theycouldn’tgethelpfromforeignexperts,sotheyonlyusedsimpletoolslikeabacuses(算盘)andsliderules(计算尺)tocalculate(计算)anddoexperiments.Aftermanytries,theyfinallysolvedtheseproblems.Inthe1970s,China’sfirstnuclearsubmarinewasbuiltandtestedsuccessfully.Chinabecameoneofthefewcountriesthathadthisability.However,Huangkepthelpingtodevelopsubmarinetechnology.Hishardworkanddevotion(奉献)wonhimmanyhonours,includingthe“MedaloftheRepublic”in2019.HuangpassedawayonFebruary6th,2025.Butwe,especiallytheyoungpeople,shouldlearnfromhisspirit.Let’stakeontheresponsibility,facechallengesbravely,andworkhardtomakeChinastronger.Inthisway,hisspiritwillliveonforever.16．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“tough”inParagraph2?A．Easy. B．Simple. C．Difficult. D．Boring.17．WhydidHuangXuhuaandhisteamstopcontactingtheoutsideworld?A．Becausetheyweretoobusy.B．Becausetheymustkeeptheprojectofdevelopingnuclearsubmarinessecret.C．Becausetheylostcontactinformation.D．Becausetheywantedtolearnforeigntechnology.18．Accordingtothepassage,itisclearthat________.A．Huangwasnothard-workingwhenhewasyoungB．HuanglivedwithhisfamilywhileworkingwithhisteamC．Huangandhisteamsolvedmanyproblemswithforeignexperts’helpD．Huangwonmanyhonoursbecauseofhisworkanddevotion19．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheevents?a.HuangXuhuadecidedtomakethecountrystrongwithhisknowledge.b.HuangXuhuaandhisteamusedsimpletoolstodocalculationsandexperiments.c.China’sfirstnuclearsubmarinewasbuiltandtestedsuccessfully.d.Inthe1950s,Chinastartedtodevelopnuclearsubmarines.e.HuangXuhuawasborninGuangdongProvince.A．e-a-d-b-c B．a-e-d-b-c C．e-a-b-d-c D．a-e-b-d-c20．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．HuangXuhua’sstrongwillanddevotion.B．Howtobecomeascientist.C．HuangXuhua’sterriblechildhood.D．Howtowinhonours.BThreeInspiringPeopleWhoChangedtheWorldMarieCurie(1867–1934)MarieCuriewasaPolish-bornphysicistandchemist.Sheisfamousforherresearchonradioactivity.ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize,andtheonlypersontowinNobelPrizesintwodifferentsciences—PhysicsandChemistry.Shediscoveredtwonewelements:poloniumandradium.HerdiscoverieshelpeddevelopX-raymachinesandcancertreatments.Despitefacingdiscriminationasawomaninscience,shenevergaveup.MichaelFaraday(1791–1867)MichaelFaradaywasaBritishscientistwhomadeimportantdiscoveriesinphysicsandchemistry.Hecamefromapoorfamilyandhadlittleformaleducation.Hedroppedoutofschoolatanearlyage,buthecontinuedtostudybyhimself.Hebecameoneofthegreatestscientistsinhistory.Hisworkonelectricityandmagnetismledtotheinventionofelectricmotorsandgenerators.Heoncesaid,“Nothingistoowonderfultobetrue.”ZhangQian(c.164–113BCE)ZhangQianwasaChineseexploreranddiplomatduringtheHanDynasty.HewassentbyEmperorWutofindtheYuezhipeople.Hewascaughtbytheenemyandkeptinprisonforabout10years.Butheneverforgothistask.Afterheescaped,hefinallysucceededinfindingtheYuezhipeople.HistravelsopeneduptheSilkRoad,whichconnectedChinawiththeWest.HebroughtbackvaluableinformationabouttheWesternRegionsandhelpedbuildrelationshipsbetweendifferentcountries.21．MarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowin________.A．aNobelPrize B．aPhysicsPrizeC．aChemistryPrize D．aMedicinePrize22．WhatdidMichaelFaraday'sworkleadto?A．X-raymachines. B．Cancertreatments.C．Electricmotorsandgenerators. D．TheSilkRoad.23．HowlongwasZhangQiankeptinprison?A．Forabout5years. B．Forabout10years.C．Forabout15years. D．Forabout20years.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrimination”inParagraph1probablymean?A．鼓励 B．歧视 C．支持 D．信任25．Accordingtothepassage,whatdothesethreepeoplehaveincommon?A．TheyallwonNobelPrizes. B．Theyalldiscoverednewelements.C．Theyallnevergaveupontheirgoals. D．Theyallopenedupnewtraderoutes.CJaneGoodall,afamousBritishscientistknownforstudyingchimpanzees(黑猩猩),visitedChinafromNovembertoDecember2024.Shecametocelebratethe30thbirthdayofherenvironmentalprogram,Roots&Shoots,inChina.Duringhervisit,Goodallsharedmanyofherstories.WhenGoodallwasachild,shelovedreadingandexploringnature.Hermotheralwaysencouragedhertoaskquestionsandlearnmore.Goodalldreamedofseeinganimalsintheirnaturalhomes.In1957,atage23,JanetraveledtoKenya,Africa.There,shemetthefamousscientistLouisLeakey,whoneededsomeonetostudychimpanzeestounderstandhumanhistory.HebelievedJanewasperfectforthejob.In1960,JanebeganworkinginTanzania’sGombeForest.Atfirst,chimpanzeeswereafraidofher.Shespentmonthsquietlywatchingthemuntiltheytrustedher.Shegaveeachchimpanameinsteadofusingnumbersanddiscoveredtheyhadfeelingsandfamilies,justlikehumans.InOctober1960,Goodallmadeanamazingdiscovery.Shesawtwochimpanzeesusingtoolstogetfood.Beforethis,peoplethoughtonlyhumansusedtools.Thisdiscoveryshowedthatchimpanzeesareintelligentandsocialanimals.Janespentherlifeprotectinganimalsandtheenvironment.ShestartedtheJaneGoodallInstitutein1977.In1991,shesetupRoots&Shootsprogram,whichcametoChinain1994,toencourageyoungpeopletotakeactiontohelptheEarth.“Ifwealldoourparttohelp,theworldwillbeabetterplace,”shesaid.26．Howdoesthewriterorganizethetext?A．Bylistingfacts. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byfollowingtimeorder. D．Byexpressingreasons.27．WhatcanweinferaboutJaneGoodall’schildhoodfromParagraph2?A．Shedreamedofworkinginazoo.B．Shewasnotinterestedinaskingquestions.C．Shepreferredreadingtoexploringnature.D．Hermother’ssupporthelpedshapehercareer.28．HowdidJaneGoodallgetchimpanzees’trustinGombeForest?A．Byfeedingthemfoodeveryday.B．Byusingnumberstonamethem.C．Bystudyingtheirfamilyrelationship.D．Bysittingquietlyandwatchingthemformonths.29．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Goodalldiscoveredchimpanzeesusedtoolslikehumansin1961.B．GoodallvisitedChinatocelebratethe30thbirthdayofRoots&ShootsinChina.C．LouisLeakeymetJaneGoodallinTanzaniain1957andchoseherfortheresearch.D．GoodallfoundRoots&ShootsprograminChinain1994toprotecttheenvironment.30．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．TointroducethelifeandachievementsofJaneGoodall.B．Toshowtheimportanceofstudyingchimpanzees.C．TotellhowtoprotecttheenvironmentinChina.D．ToknowJaneGoodall’sfriendshipwithLouisLeakey.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余）Nowmoreyoungscientistschoosetoworkforourcountry.Dr.Chenstudiesnewenergytechnology.31Afterfinishingcollege,hegaveupgoodchancesabroadandreturnedtoChina.Atfirst,hisresearchmetmanydifficulties.32Severalexperimentsendedinfailure.33Hebelievednewenergywouldchangeourfuture.Dayafterday,hekepttryingnewresearchways.Slowly,hemadegreatprogress.34Thenewenergymaterialshedevelopedhelpcutpollution.35Youngscientistsuseknowledgetomakeourcountrystronger.A．Hedreamedofservinghismotherlandallthetime.B．Hisresearchresultiswidelyusedinmanyfields.C．Butheneverlostconfidenceinhisresearch.D．Theresearchbringsgreatvaluetosociety.E．Hedoesnotwanttoworkwithotherteammembers.F．Ittookhimlotsoftimeandmoneytocarryoutexperiments.G．Heenjoyslivingandworkinginforeigncountries.词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）36．Whatfantasticdiscoveriesthe________(biology)hasmadeinrecentyears!37．I’mproudthatChinahasmadegreatachievementsinspace________(explore)inrecentyears.38．Doingexerciseina________(science)wayishealthyforbothourbodyandourmind.39．Kittyhasalarge________(collect)ofBarbiedollsbecausesheisabigfanofthem.40．Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothosegreat________(invent).41．Weshouldbe________(勇敢的)enoughtofacechallenges.42．Many________(西方的)countrieshavedifferentcultures.43．Hiskindnessandspiritbelongto________(社会主义)values.44．Scientistsarealwaysstudyingtheendless________(宇宙).45．Itis________(必要的)tolearnscientificknowledgewell.完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）46．袁隆平在农业发展中发挥了重大作用。YuanLongping________________________________inagriculturaldevelopment.47．我们要确保养成科学的学习习惯。Wemust________________toformscientificstudyhabits.48．最重要的是，我们要学习伟人的优秀品质。________________,weshouldlearngoodqualitiesfromgreatpeople.49．所有学生都敬仰为国奉献的科学家。Allstudents________________________scientistswhoservethecountry.50．我们不能抛弃传统优秀文化。Wecan’t________________excellenttraditionalculture.五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文die,worried,away,with,writer,pass,and,deep,they,plantLiuZongyuanwasoneofTheEightGreatProseMastersoftheTangandSongDynasties.WhenheworkedinLiuzhou,hehelped51thedevelopmentofLiuzhou.Heencouragedlocalpeopleto52orangetrees,willows(柳树)andbamboo.Theseactionslefta53influenceonLiuzhou.ThereisastorybetweenLiuZongyuanandhisfriendLiuYuxi.In793,bothLiuZongyuanandLiuYuxi54theexamandbecameofficials.TheywantedtohelpthecountrythroughtheYongzhenReform(改革).Butthereformfailed,55theyweresenttofarawayplaces.LiuZongyuanwenttoYongzhou,andLiuYuxiwenttoLangzhou.Theywroteletterstosupporteachother.Later,LiuYuxi’spoemsmadesomepowerfulpeopleangry.So,theyweresent56again.Thistime,LiuZongyuanwassenttoLiuzhou,andLiuYuxitoBozhou.LiuZongyuanwas57aboutLiuYuxi’soldmother,soheaskedtotakehisplace.Thankstoothers’help,LiuYuxiwenttoabetterplace.Bothweregreat58.LiuZongyuanwroteTheSnakeCatcher’sTale.LiuYuxicreatedOdetoAutumn.Theseworksshowed59deepfeelingsaboutlifeandsociety.LiuZongyuan60inLiuzhouat47.LiuYuximissedhimalot.Evenwhenhewasold,hevisitedLiuZongyuan’stomb(坟墓).TheirfriendshipbecameabeautifulstoryinChinesehistory.六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Everyoneneedsinspirationinlife.Forme,the61(inspire)storiesofgreatpeoplealwaysgivemepowertomoveforward.TakeZhongYangforexample.Hewasabiologist62spenthiswholeliferesearchingplantsandseeds.Hecouldhavechosenan63(easy)life,buthewentto

Xizangtocollectseedsinverydifficultconditions.Heoncesaid,“Mystudents64(continue)ontheroadofscientificexplorationandtheseedswehavecollectedmaygrowhundredsofyearsfromnow.”OrconsiderAmeliaEarhart.Shewasthefirstwoman65(fly)acrosstheAtlanticOceanalone.Sheworkedhardtopayfor66(she)flyinglessonsandnevergaveuponherdream.Whatmakesthesepeoplesoinspiring?Itisnotjusttheirachievements,67theirspirit.Theyshowus68withcourageanddetermination,wecanachievegreatthings.Theirstoriesremindus69(stay)truetoourdreams,nomatterhowdifficulttheroad70(be).七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）第一节任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）Unit2introducesinspiringpioneerssuchaschemists,physicistsandhistorians.Theseadmirablepeoplefacedhunger,woundsandotherdifficulties,buttheyneverdroppedoutofscientificresearch.Theirdiscoveriesstoppedthespreadofseriousdiseasesandbroughthopetopeoplealloverthecountry.Wealladmireandlookuptotheirpersistentspirits.Unit3teachessmartlearningstrategies.Learnerscanusetextbooks,flashcards,e-booksandpodcastsaslearningresources.Whentheycomeacrossnewwordsorhardgrammar,theycanlookthemupindictionaries.Readingaloudandhands-onexperimentsareenjoyableandefficientlearningways.Teachersoffervaluablefeedbacktohelpstudentsimprovetheirschoolwork.Ingeneral,step-by-steppracticebuildsuplearners’abilitygradually.根据短文内容，回答下列问题71．WhatkindsofpioneersarementionedinUnit2?72．Whydopeopleadmirethosescientificpioneers?73．Whatlearningresourcescanstudentsuseintheirstudy?74．Whatcanlearnersdowhentheymeetunknownwordsinreading?75．Whattwotopicsdoesthistextcover?第二节书面表达（共1题，满分15分）76．假如你是李华，你们班正在开展“榜样人物”（RoleModels）主题墙报活动。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍一位你最敬佩的人物。提示要点：1.这个人是谁（姓名、身份、年代）；2.他的主要成就或贡献；3.他/她身上有哪些值得学习的品质；4.他/她对你产生了什么影响。要求：1.必须包含所给要点，可适当发挥；2.语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范；3.文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名；4.词数80左右。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及试题解析1．A2．C3．D4．B5．C6．A7．B8．C9．D10．B11．C12．D13．A14．A15．B【导语】本文讲述了刘桂珍45年来身兼医生、教师和村支书，无私奉献，带领村民种树脱贫致富的感人故事。【解析】1．句意：在过去的45年里，她先后担任过医生、教师和村支书。根据“asadoctor,ateacherandavillageleader”可知，此处指从事某种职业，workas为固定搭配，表示“担任……工作”；shared“分享”、controlled“控制”、imagined“想象”均不符合多年从事多份工作的上下文。2．句意：刘桂珍去大学学医，后来成为了一名乡村医生。根据后文“sheworkedasavillagedoctor”，可知她大学所学是医学，medicine“医学”符合；science“科学”、technology“科技”、education“教育”和医生职业不对应。3．句意：村民们接受她的问诊从来不需要付费。结合上下文，刘桂珍作为乡村医生服务村民，村民病痛得到缓解，此处指村民无需为她的出诊“付款”，payfor“支付”符合语义逻辑；takein“吸收”、giveup“放弃”、bringout“使显现”语义不通。4．句意：许多村民的病痛得到了缓解，大家都很信任她。根据“Withtheirpainrelieved”可知，村民受益于她的治疗，因此会对她产生“信任”，trusted“信任”，符合情感逻辑；check“检查”、protected“保护”、tested“测试”不符合医患之间的关系逻辑。5．句意：后来，邻村的医生即将退休，她甚至开始接诊邻村的病人。根据“theirdoctorwasabouttoretire”可知，邻村缺医生，她开始“接诊”病人，“receivepatients”为常用搭配，意为“接待病人”符合语境；prevent“阻止”、refuse“拒绝”、praise“表扬”和语境不符。6．句意：1988年，段家湾小学唯一的老师离开后，学生们有两个月没上课。根据“studentsdidn’ttakeclasses”可知，停课发生在老师离开“之后”，应用“after”引导时间状语从句，符合时间顺序。before“在……之前”、whether“是否”、although“虽然”均不符合。7．句意：最后，刘桂珍自愿成为了他们的老师。上文提到学生无法上课，刘桂珍主动承担教学任务，“volunteeredtodosth”意为“自愿做某事”，体现其奉献精神，符合语境。helped“帮助”、warned“警告”、supported“支持”均不符合语境。8．句意：1996年，村民们选刘桂珍为村支书。此处表示选举刘桂珍作为村支书，“chose”意为“选择”，“choosesbas...”意为“选某人为……”，符合句法结构；interviewed“采访”、mentioned“提及”、described“描述”不符合选举带头人的语境。9．句意：村里没有任何自然资源。根据下文村民靠种玉米土豆谋生及后来种松树可知，此处指缺乏“自然”资源，“naturalresources”意为“自然资源”，符合语境；traditional“传统的”、environmental“环境的”、medical“医疗的”和后文农耕谋生的逻辑不匹配。10．句意：然而，改变村民的想法绝非易事，因为很多村民担心风险，害怕赔钱。上文说种松树是好主意，下文说改变想法不容易，前后构成转折关系，“However”表转折，符合逻辑；so“所以”表结果，also“也”、besides“此外”表递进。11．句意：然而，改变村民的想法绝非易事，因为很多村民担心风险，害怕赔钱。根据“afraidoflosingmoney”可知，村民害怕经济损失，即担心种树的“风险”，“risks”与赔钱对应，符合语境；dangers“危险”多指人身危险，chances“机会”、efforts“努力”语义和“害怕亏钱”不对应。12．句意：刘桂珍和丈夫最终决定以身作则。面对村民顾虑，经过考量后他们做出决定，finally“最终”体现了决策的结果，符合语义逻辑；nearly“几乎”、luckily“幸运地”、easily“轻易地”不符合事情发展的逻辑。13．句意：他们冒着风险，成为了第一个种松树的人。根据上文“growpinetrees”可知，此处指“种植”松树，plantpinetrees表示“种植松树”，和上文“growpinetrees”相呼应；discover“发现”、cut“砍伐”、paint“绘画”语义不符。14．句意：现在，村民们变得比以前富裕多了。根据树木卖出高价及种植面积扩大可知，村民收入增加，生活变得“更富裕”，richer“更富裕的”符合语境；poorer“更贫穷的”、healthier“更健康的”、weaker“更虚弱的”与赚钱增收的上下文矛盾。15．句意：刘桂珍说：“我只是一个来自山村的普通人，我只是做了一些简单的事。”根据“commonperson”可知，刘桂珍态度谦逊，认为自己做的是“简单”之事，“simple”与普通人呼应，符合人物形象。private“私人的”、accidental“意外的”、great“好的”均不符合语境。16．C17．B18．D19．A20．A【导语】本文主要讲述了中国伟大科学家黄旭华的生平事迹，记述他立志报国，带领团队攻坚克难研制我国核潜艇，凭借辛勤工作与奉献获得诸多荣誉，同时号召大家学习他的精神。【解析】16．第二段出现单词“tough”，文中“Itwasatoughjob”表明研制核潜艇这项工作难度很大，因此tough含义为困难的。17．第二段说明原因：“Tokeeptheprojectsecret,theystoppedcontactingtheoutsideworld,eventheirfamilies.”，为保守核潜艇项目的秘密，黄旭华和团队停止和外界联系。18．第四段说明：“Hishardworkanddevotionwonhimmanyhonours,includingthe‘MedaloftheRepublic’in2019.”，说明黄旭华因为自己的辛勤工作和奉献获得许多荣誉。19．全文事件顺序：e.黄旭华出生于广东省；a.黄旭华决心用学识让国家强大；d.20世纪50年代中国开始研制核潜艇；b.黄旭华与团队使用简易工具计算、做实验；c.中国第一艘核潜艇建造并测试成功，对应顺序e‑a‑d‑b‑c。20．整篇文章围绕黄旭华展开，讲述他顽强的意志与无私奉献，所以本文主要讲黄旭华顽强的意志和奉献精神。21．A22．C23．B24．B25．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了三位改变世界、鼓舞人心的人物，分别是居里夫人、法拉第与张骞，并讲述了他们的生平经历、重大贡献与可贵品质。【解析】21．第一段指出事实：“ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize”，说明居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。22．第二段指出结果：“Hisworkonelectricityandmagnetismledtotheinventionofelectricmotorsandgenerators”，说明法拉第的研究促成了电动机和发电机的发明。23．第三段给出细节：“Hewascaughtbytheenemyandkeptinprisonforabout10years”，可知张骞被敌人囚禁了大约十年。24．第一段给出线索：“Despitefacingdiscriminationasawomaninscience,shenevergaveup”，由转折语境可以推断discrimination的含义为歧视。25．综合全文三段人物故事：居里夫人面对歧视从未放弃；法拉第出身贫寒自学成才成为伟大科学家；张骞被困十年不忘使命最终开通丝绸之路。三人的共同点是面对困难坚持不懈，从未放弃目标。26．C27．D28．D29．B30．A【导语】本文主要讲述英国科学家简·古道尔的经历。她远赴非洲研究黑猩猩，取得重大发现，一生致力于动物与环境保护，创立相关项目鼓励年轻人行动，也曾来华参加项目三十周年庆祝活动。【解析】26．文章“按时间顺序”叙述简·古道尔的一生：童年(WhenGoodallwasachild)→1957年→1960年→1960年10月→1977年→1991年→1994年。27．根据第二段“Hermotheralwaysencouragedhertoaskquestionsandlearnmore.”，母亲的支持帮助塑造了她的职业生涯。28．根据第四段“Shespentmonthsquietlywatchingthemuntiltheytrustedher.”，简·古道尔获得黑猩猩信任的方式是“花几个月静静地观察它们”。29．根据第一段“Shecametocelebratethe30thbirthdayofherenvironmentalprogram,Roots&Shoots,inChina.”，简·古道尔来中国是为了庆祝“根与芽”项目在中国30周年。30．全文按时间顺序介绍简·古道尔的生平、研究经历和成就，故选A“TointroducethelifeandachievementsofJaneGoodall.”。31．A32．F33．C34．B35．D【导语】本文主要讲述了年轻科学家陈博士放弃国外发展机会、回国投身新能源技术研究，面对重重困难仍坚持不懈，最终取得突破性成果，其研发的材料助力减少污染，展现了当代青年科学家为国奉献的担当。【解析】31．前文介绍陈博士研究新能源技术，后文提到他大学毕业后放弃国外良机、回到中国。A项“Hedreamedofservinghismotherlandallthetime.”交代了他回国的内在动机，与下文“放弃国外机会、回到中国”形成因果呼应。32．前文指出他的研究起初遇到诸多困难，后文说几次实验以失败告终。F项“Ittookhimlotsoftimeandmoneytocarryoutexperiments.”具体说明了困难的表现，承接上文的“manydifficulties”，并自然引出下文“实验失败”的结果。33．前文提到实验多次失败，后文转而说他坚信新能源会改变未来并坚持尝试新方法。C项“Butheneverlostconfidenceinhisresearch.”以转折关系承接上文的挫折，引出下文不放弃、持续钻研的态度。34．前文说他取得了很大进展，后文具体介绍他开发的新能源材料有助于减少污染。B项“Hisresearchresultiswidelyusedinmanyfields.”总结研究成果的应用价值，与下文“帮助减少污染”形成概括与具体的递进关系。35．前文阐述了新能源材料减少污染的具体作用，后文升华到年轻科学家用知识让国家更强大。D项“Theresearchbringsgreatvaluetosociety.”对陈博士的研究进行价值总结，起到从个人成果到群体精神过渡的作用。36．biologist【解析】句意：这位生物学家近年来取得了多么惊人的发现啊！定冠词the后面接名词。biology意为“生物学”；根据后面hasmadediscoveries（做出发现），主语是人，biologist表示生物学家。故填biologist。37．exploration【解析】句意：我为中国近年来在太空探索方面取得巨大成就而自豪。介词in后面需要接名词。explore“探索”，动词，名词形式为exploration，spaceexploration“太空探索”。故填exploration。38．scientific【解析】句意：用科学的方式锻炼对我们的身心都有益。空格后面是名词way，需要用形容词来修饰；science是名词“科学”，形容词形式是scientific，意为“科学的”。39．collection【解析】句意：Kitty有一大批芭比娃娃藏品，因为她是芭比娃娃的忠实粉丝。形容词large后面需要接名词，collect是动词，变为名词collection表示“收藏品，收集物”。40．inventors【解析】句意：许多年轻人敬仰那些伟大的发明家。句中lookupto(钦佩、仰慕)的动作对象通常为人物，“those”意为“那些”，后面要接可数名词复数；括号内invent是动词，意为“发明”，表示人“发明家”要用名词inventor，其复数形式为inventors。41．brave【解析】句意：我们应该足够勇敢去面对挑战。be动词后面要用形容词，“勇敢的”英文是brave。42．western【解析】句意：许多西方国家有不同的文化。根据汉语提示可知，western“西方的”，形容词作定语修饰名词countries。故填western。43．socialist【解析】句意：他的善良与精神属于社会主义价值观。空格后面是名词values，需要用形容词作定语修饰名词；“社会主义”对应的形容词为socialist，socialistvalues表示“社会主义价值观”。故填socialist。44．universe【解析】句意：科学家一直在研究浩瀚无垠的宇宙。endless（形容词，无尽的）修饰后面名词。括号内提示词“宇宙”对应的名词是universe。故填universe。45．necessary【解析】句意：学好科学知识是必要的。本句为Itis+形容词+todosth.固定句型，结合汉语提示“必要的”，应用单词necessary。46．playedamajorrole【解析】原句中“发挥了重大作用”是关键词，表示“发挥作用”的短语是playarole；这件事发生在过去，动词play需要使用过去式played；形容词major意为“重大的”，放在名词role前面作定语。应填played；a；major；role。47．makesure【解析】原句中“确保”是关键词，表示“确保”的短语是makesure。本句中must为情态动词，后接动词原形。48．Mostimportantly【解析】原句中“最重要的是”是关键词，表示“最重要的是”的短语是mostimportantly，importantly是副词，most用来修饰副词，该短语用来引出下文观点，置于句首首字母需要大写。故填Most；importantly。49．lookupto【解析】原句中“敬仰”是关键词，表示“敬仰”的短语是lookupto，侧重把某人当作榜样敬仰。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Allstudents是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填look；up；to。50．giveup【解析】原句中“抛弃”是关键词；表示“放弃、抛弃”的常用短语是giveup；句中can’t是情态动词，其后必须接动词原形，因此give保持原形。51．with52．plant53．deep54．passed55．and56．away57．worried58．writers59．their60．died【导语】本文介绍了唐宋八大家中的柳宗元，讲述了他在柳州的作为，以及他和刘禹锡之间深厚真挚的友谊。【解析】51．句意：他帮助了柳州的发展。helpwithsth.意为“帮助做某事/在某方面提供帮助”，符合语境。52．句意：他鼓励当地人种植橘树、柳树和竹子。encouragesb.todosth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，to后接动词原形，选plant。53．句意：这些行动对柳州留下了深远的影响。此处修饰名词influence，需用形容词，deepinfluence意为“深远的影响”。54．句意：793年，柳宗元和刘禹锡都通过了考试。根据时间状语In793可知应用一般过去时，pass的过去式为passed。55．句意：但改革失败了，并且他们被送到了遥远的地方。前后句为顺承关系，方框中只有and符合连词词性。56．句意：所以，他们再次被送走（流放）。sendaway意为“送走、流放”，符合语境。57．句意：柳宗元担心刘禹锡的老母亲。beworriedabout意为“担心……”，为固定搭配。58．句意：两人都是伟大的作家。Both提示主语为复数，故writer需变为复数形式writers。59．句意：这些作品展示了他们对生活和社会的深厚感情。此处修饰名词feelings，需用they的形容词性物主代词their。60．句意：柳宗元在柳州去世，享年47岁。描述过去发生的事实，应用一般过去时，die的过去式为died。61．inspiring62．who/that63．easier64．willcontinue65．tofly66．her67．but68．that69．tostay70．is【导语】本文阐述了伟人的激励故事对作者的影响，以钟扬和AmeliaEarhart为例，说明勇气和决心能帮助人们实现梦想。【解析】61．句意：对我来说，伟人的励志故事总是给我前进的力量。修饰名词stories（指物）需用形容词，inspire的形容词形式为inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”，用来修饰物，故填inspiring。62．句意：他是一位毕生致力于植物和种子研究的生物学家。空处需填关系词引导定语从句，先行词abiologist指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，故填who或that。63．句意：他本可以选择更轻松的生活。根据句意，此处表示“更轻松的生活”，用比较级，easy的比较级为easier，故填easier。64．句意：他曾说：“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上，我们采集的种子也许在几百年后仍能生长。”此处直接引语描述的是将来的动作，用一般将来时，故填willcontinue。65．句意：她是第一位独自飞越大西洋的女性。名词前有序数词thefirst修饰，需用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“第一位独自飞越大西洋的女性”，thefirstwomantodosth.表示“第一位做某事的女性”。故填tofly。66．句意：她努力工作来支付自己的飞行课程费用，从不放弃自己的梦想。修饰名词lessons需用形容词性物主代词，she的形容词性物主代词为her，故填her。67．句意：不仅仅是他们的成就，更是他们的精神。“notjust...but...”为固定结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。68．句意：他们向我们展示了，只要有勇气和决心，我们就能取得伟大的成就。空处需填连词引导宾语从句，从句是意义完整的陈述句，所以用连词