高级英语Unit-4-Everyday-use-知识点梳理

Unit4Everydayuseforyourgrandmamma

Whatisaplot?

l.a.autho.writes."Th.kin.die.an.the.th.quee.died,.ther.i.n.plo.fo..story.Bu.b.writing."Th.kin.die.an.the.th.quee.die.o.grief1.th.

vide..plo.lin.fo..story.

.plo.i..causa.sequenc.o.events.th."why.fo.ththing.tha.happe.i.th.story.T.th.character'.live.an.help.t

h.reade.understan.th.choice.tha.th.character.make.

TheStructureofaplot

1.Exposition-introductionoftheThishoften

CcdlctconsideredtheGFalingAclcn

mostexdtingor

maincharactersandsettingTheMonkey'sRm'Whattypesof

suspensefulpartInwhatway

conflictare

ofthestory.Htheaction

2.RisingAction-one(ormore)presentintheinthispartof

story?Howthestory

charactersincrisisdidyoudifferentfrom

°ACTonidentifyClimaxthefirstpart?

them?

3.Climax-pointofhighestemotion;whatevent

intherisingbtowdoes

turningpointactiondrewConflictFallingActionthispartof

youinmostthestory

4.FallingAction-resolutionofasareader?makeyou

(eel?WhM

character'scrisisRisingAction/esecouldthe

writerhave

5.Denouement(outcome)-^untyingdone?

WhM

ExpositionResolution

ofplottreads^;resolutioninformation

doesthe

NarrationNarratorwritergiveyou

atthe

First-personnarration;third-personnarrationbeginningof

thestory?

Narrator*authordMCTtme吗ledftcn"tenpltf*7byIxpiRtKinbe

Thetitle

Th.meanin.o.th.titl.require.th.reade.t.rea.deepe.withi.th.shor.story.Th.phras.

“Everyda.U.everyda.Iife.

Everyda.Use.pertain.no.onl.t.th.quilt.bu.mor.s.t.people'.cultur.an.heritag.an.ho.the.choos.thono.it.

Thetheme

Th.mai.them.i.th.stor.concern.th.characters.connection.t.thei.ancestra.roots.

De.Johnso.believe.tha.sh.i.affirmin.he.A.he.mannerisms.an.he.appearance.eve.thoug.he

.famil.ha.Iive.i.th.Unite.State.fo.severa.generations.

Thetheme

Maggi.ar.Mrs.Jimidate.b.he.ne.imag.a.

uWangero".Thei.ow.connection.t.thei.heritag.res.o.thei.memorie.o.thei.mother.an.grandmothers.the.prefe.t.remembe.

the.fo.wh.the.wer.a.individuals.no.a.membe:o..particula.race.

Becaus.o.thei.differin.viewpoints.the.plac.differen.value.o.som.ol.quilt.an.othe.object.i.th.home.

Thebackground

B.th.1960s.followin.th.succes.o.civi.right.leader.lik.Marti.Luthe.King.Jr.an.Malcol.X.som.Africa.American.bega.t.tak.prid.i.

thei.heritag.a..wa.o.gainin.thei.esteem.forgin..grou.identity.an.creatin..platfor.fo.greate.politica.power.

Know.a.

“blac.pride.o.Blac.Nationalism.thes.idea.encourage.man.youn.Africa.American.t.lear.abou.thei.cultura.ancestry.gro.the

."Afros”.dres.i.traditiona.Africa.clothing.an.rejec.thei,"s”.

Culturalnationalism

Cultura.nationalis.wa.founde.o.th.belie.tha.black.an.white.hav.separat.values.Hellectua.tradition.an.lifestyle.an.

therefor.tha.i.reality.ther.ar.tw.separat.Americas.

Cultura.nationalis.wa.ofte.expresse..a..conceptua.an.aestheti.retur.t.th.motherlan.(rarel.a.actua.return)..recognitio.o.th.Af

rica.root.tha.black.i.Acatio.an.stereotype.representation.i.th.mas.media

Inhisarticle,"BlackCulturalNationalism,"RonKarenqa,oneofthestrongestvoicesinfavorofculturalnationalism,

writes,

"Letourartremindusofourdistastefortheenemy,ourloveforeachother,andourcommitmenttothe

revolutionarystrugglethatwillbefoughtwiththerhythmicrealityofapermanentrevolution"

Cultura.nationalis.o..visua.leve.wa.expresse.i.th.sam.way.b.th.wearin.o.brightl.oolore.Africa.clothing.suc.a.dashikis.an.th.

adaptatio.o.th.Afr.hai.style.bot.symboli.representation.o.th.importan.relationshi.betwee.Black.i.Americ.an.thei.Africa.root

s.

Mama(MsJohnson)

Th.narrato.o.th.story.

Sh.i..middle-age.o.olde.African-America.wo7ia.livin.wit.he.younge.daughter.Maggie.

Althoug.poor.sh.i.stron.an.independent.an.take.grea.prid.i.he.wa.o.life.

Sh.i.ove.weight.an.buil.mor.lik..ma.tha..woman.Sh.ha.stron.hand.tha.ar.wor.fro..lifetim.o.work.

Maggie

Dee'.siste.wh.wa.badl.burne.b..fir.whe.shwa.young.

Sh.ha.Io.self-confidenc.an.become.uncomfortabl.whe.De.i.around.

Maggi.ccntrast.De.b.showin..specia.regar.fo.he.immediat.family.

Dee

Mrs.Johrson'.olde.daughter.

Sh.i.attractive.sophisticated.an.well-educated.

Sh.i.als.ver.selfish.bold.an.overl.confident.

Whe.sh.return.home.sh.insist.he.famil.call.he.Wanger.becaus.sh.want.t.b..bigge.par.o.he.culture.Th.onl.reaso.sh.want.th

i.i.becaus.it'.suddenl.th.ne.trend.

thehistoricalpresent

Th.historca.presen.(sometime.dramati.present.refer.t.th.employmen.o.th.presen.tens.whe.narratin.pas.events.i.i.use.i.fic

tion.fo."ho.news.(a.i.headlines).mo.wit.

^munication.suc.a.tell.write.an.sa.fan.i.colloquia.uses.go).

Thehistoricalpresenthastheeffectofmakingpasteventsmorevivid.

P1:theyardthatMaggieandImadesocleanandwavy

wavy:havingregularcurves

Awavylinehasaseriesofregularcurvesalongit.

Hereinthetexttheworddescribesthemarksinwavypatternsontheclaygrojndleftbythebroom.

P1.l.i.lik^.extende.livin.room..Extended.enlarged

P1:Whenthehardclayissweptclean

Afine-grained,firmearthymaterialthatisplasticwhenwetandhardenswhenheated,consistingprimarilyofhydrated

silicatesofaluminumandwidelyusedinmakingbricks,tiles,andpottery.

粘土，泥土

P1:thefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargrooves

Fine:thir,insmallparticles

Grooveroun

alongnarrowcutinthesurfaceofsthhard:

Cu..groo/..c.fro.th.to.o.th.piec.o.wood.沟、.

P1:sitandlookupintotheelmtree榆树

P2:homelyandashamedoftheburnscars

No.handsom.o.beautiful.plain.unattractive.(Neve.sa..woma.o..gir.i.ugly.Sa.sh.i.plai.o.homely.)

O..plai.an.unsophisticate.nature.artless.unadorned.unpolished.(homel.furniture)

O.o.relatin.t.th.famil.o.household.domestic.household.(homel.skills.

P2:eyinghersisterwithamixtureofenvyandawe

Lookatandwatchdon'tsuggestthefeelingsofthepersonwholooks.

Toeyemeanstolookcarefully,suspiciously,orthoughtfully,withfear,doubt,eivy,desire,etc.

P2:eyinghersisterwithamixtureofenvyandawe

noun[I/]feelingsofrespectandslightfear;feelingsofbeingveryimpressedb/sth/sb:

aweandrespect

H.speak.o.he.wit.awe.

be/standinaweofsb/sthtoadmiresb/sthandbeslightlyfrightenedofthem/it:

WhileDianawasinaweofhergrandfather,sheadoredhergrandmother

amazement,wonder

P2.Sh.think.he.siste.ha.hel.lif.alway.i.th.pal.o.on.hand.tha."no.i..wor.th.worl.neve.learne.t.sa.t.her.

Theworldhassatisfiedhersister'severydesire.

He.siste.ha..fir.contro.o.life.

P3:thechildwhohas"madeit"isconfronted

T.hav.mad.it.i.yo.mak.it.yo.ar.successfu.i.achievin.sth.Difficult.o.i.survivin.throug..ver.difficul.period.

IbelieveIhavethetalenttomakeit.

Yo.ar.brav.an.courageous.Yo.ca.mak.it.

P3:thechildwhohas"madeit"isconfronted

1(ofproblemsoradifficultsituation)toappearandneedtobedealtwithbysb:theeconomicproblemsconfrontingthe

country

.t.fac.s.s.tha.the.canno.avoi.seein.an.hearin.you.especiall.i.a.unfriendl.o.dangerou.situation.Thi.wa.th.firs.tim.h.

ha.confronte.a.arme.robber.

P3.he.ow.mothe.an.father.totterin.i.weakl.fro.backstage.

1.[usuall+adv..prep..t.wal.o.mov.wit.wea.unstead.steps.especiall.becaus.yo.ardrun.o.ill/sick.stagger.Sh.manage.t.totte.b

ac.t.he.seat.

.t.b.wea.an.see.likel.t.fall.th.totterin.wall.o.th.castl.

out

Lou.enoug.sat.b.heard.大声讲！没人能把你怎么样。

Spea.out.Nobod.wil.hur.you.有人大声喊我的名字。

S我大声朝他们喊火车开过来了。

Ishoutedouttothemthatthetrainwascoming.

P4:cognateobject同源宾语

objectofverbwithsameroot:anounthatfunctionsastheobjectofaverbthatisfromthesameetymologicalroot,

asin"todreamadream1'or"tothinkathought".

Heflewmanyflightsintothebattlefield.

T.laug..heart,laugh.T.ru..race..T.di..sudde.death.

T.slee..soun.sleep..T.liv..miserabl.life..T.thin.som.unkin.thought

T.kis..lon.kiss..T.imat.smile..T.se.th.sigh.(p.61.

P4:onaTVprogramofthissort

ofsortsorofasort

O..ernmen.o..sort.Derogator.tone

O.on.kin.o.another.kne.man.folktale.o.sorts.

adjective+noun+ed

soft-seated;blue-eyed;warm-hearted;Left-handed;cold-blooded;big-boned,gray-haired,etc

P4:adarkandsoft-seatedlimousine

.fortabl.car.esp.on.wit..glas.scree.betwee.th.fron.an.bac.seats.Limousine.ar.usuall.drive.b..cha

uffeu.

P4:asmiling,gray,sportymanlikeJohnnyCarson

1(espeaallyBrE)likingorgoodatsport:I'mnotverysporty.

2(ofclothes)bright,attractiveandinformal;lookingsuitableforwearingforsports:asportycottontop

3(ofcars)fastandelegant:asportyMercedes

P4:Shepinsonmydress...

FASTEN/JOIN

1toattachsthontoanotherthingorfastenthingstogetherwithapin,etc.:

Sh.pinne.th.badg.ont.heJacket.

.messag.ha.bee.pinne.t.th.noticeboard.

orchids

P4:orchidsaretack。flowers

3.Lackin.styl.o.goo.taste.tawdry.tack.clothes.

4.Distastefu.o.offensive,tasteless..tack.remark.

P5:flannelnightgown

.sof.wove.clot.o.woo.o..blen.o.woo.an.cotto.o.synthetics.法兰绒：用羊毛、羊毛与棉纱或化纤的混合物织成的

一种柔软的布

Overalls工装裤

P5:hadthemeathunguptochillbeforenightfall

1[vn][usuallypassive]tomakesbverycold:

The.wer.chille.b.th.ic.wind.

2whenfoodoradrinkchillsorwhensbchillsit,itismadeverycoldbutitdo3snotfreeze:

[v]Letthepuddingchillforanhouruntilset.

[vn.Thi.win.i.bes.serve.chilled.

sledgehammer长把大锤

P5:uncookedbarley(大麦)pancakebarleydough:smooth

P5:Myhairglistensinthehotbrightlights

(sthwet/greasy)shinebyreflection

P5Johnn.Carso.ha.muc.t.d.t.kee.u.wit.m.quic.an.witt.tongue.

J.woul.fin.i.ver.har.t.tai.a.eloquent/,an.humorousl.a.me.

P5.Johnn.Carso.ha.muc.t.d.t.kee.u.wit.m.quic.an.witt.tongue.

Quick:receivingand/orrespondingwithspeedandsensitivity;keen

Witty:verycleverandhumorous

Tongue:powerofspeaking

P7:herthinbodyenvelopedinpinkskirtandredblouse

envelopsomebody/something(insomething)(formal)towrapsomebody/somethinguporcoverthenorit

completely

Shewasenvelopedinahugewhitetowel.

Cloud,envelope.th.mountai.tops.

Noun:envelopment

Blouses

P9:Haveyoueverseenalameanimal

Disabledsothatmovement,especiallywalking,isdifficultorimpossible:

Lam.fro.th.accident.h.walke.wit..cane.

.lam.win.kep.th.bir.fro.flying.

P9:sidleuptosomeonewhoisignorantenoughtobekindofhim?

Sidler.

I.T.mov.sideways.sidle.throug.th.narro.dooiway.

2.t.wal.toward.somethin.o.someon.slowl.an.quietly.a.i.yo.d.no.wan.t.b.notice..swindler.wh.sidl.u.t.tourists.

P9:Haveyoueverseenalameanimal...?ThatisthewaymyMaggiewalks.

Maggiev/alkslikeatimid,lameanimal.

Figureofspeech:analogy类比

lllustratio.o.a.ide.b.mean.o..mor.familia.ide.tha.i.simila.o.paralle.t.i.i.som.significan.features.an.thu.sai.t.b.analog

ou.t.itAnalogie.ar.ofte.presente.i.th.for.o.a.extende/SIMILE.a.i.Blake'/APHORISM.'A.th.caterpilla.choose.th.fair

es.leave.t.la.he.egg.on.s.th.pries.lay.hi.curs.o.th.faires.joys..

l.literar.history.a.analogu.i.anothe.stor.o.plo.whic.i.paralle.o.simila.i.som.wa.t.th.stor.unde.discussion.Verb.analogize.

Moreexamplesofanalogy

"Mishapsarelikeknives,thateitherserveusorcutus,aswegraspthemby也ebladeorthehandle.nJamesRussell

Lowell

"Ashoethatfitsonepersonpinchesanother;thereisnorecipeforlivingthatsuitsallcases."CarlJung

nAtrulygreatbookshouldbereadinyouth,againinmaturityandoncemoreinoldage,asafinebuildingshouldbe

seenbymorninglight,atnoon,andbymoonlight.nRobertsonDavies

KindofSomebody

Ofisusedtointroducethedoerofanactiondescribedbyaprecedingadjective.

Itiskindofyoutohelpme.

Itwasverygoodofthemtowaitforus.

Itisstupidofhertogoforlongwalksaloneinthisplace.

I.wa.ver.rud.o.the.no.t.answer.

P9:chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle...

Absoluteconstruction

Asnapshot

P9:chinonchest,eyesonground,feetinshuffle...

aslowwalkinwhichyoutakesmallstepsanddonotliftyourfeetcompletelycfftheground:

Th.ol.ma.walke.wit.,shuffle.

Ther.wa..shuffl.o.fee.a.th.roo.emptied.

Chinonchest...

Maggie'sscarsaresymbolsofthescarsthatallAfricanAmericanscarryasaresultofthe“fire"ofslavery:"branded".

ThisdescriptionofMaggieremindspeopleoftheblackheritageforalongtimeaftertheCivilWar—uchinonchest,eyes

onground,feetinshuffle".

P10:afullerfigure

Roundedinshape;plump

P10:Maggie'sarmsstickingtome

Attach[intransitiveandtransitive]toattachsomethingtosomethingelseusingasubstance,ortobecomeattachedtoa

surface

stickto/together

.coul.fee.m.shir.stickin.t.m.back.

Theoilkeepsthepastafromstickingtogeiher.

P10:herhairsmokingandherdressfallingoffherinlittleblackpaperyflakes

Absoluteconstruction

Papery:Resemblingpaper,asinthicknessortexture

Flake:asmallthinpiecethatbreaksawayeasilyfromsomethingelse

flakesofsnow;chocolateflakes

PIO.He.eye.seeme.stretche.open.blaze.ope.b.th.flame.reflecte.i.them.

Toburnwithabrightflame.

Toshinebrightly.

SweetGumTree

胶皮糖香树

P10:thelastdingygrayboardofthehouse

adj.(din•jier.din・gi•est.dar.an.dirty.

adingyroom/hoteldingycurtains/clothes

din*gi*nessnoun[U]

P11:Augusta

P11.Sh.washe.u.i..rive.o.make-believe.burne.u.wit..lo.o.knowledg.w.didn,.necessaril.nee.t.know.

1(disapproving)imaginingorpretendingthingstobedifferentormoreexcitingthantheyreallyare;fantasy:Theylivein

aworldcfmake-believe.

.imaginin.tha.sti.real.o.tha.yo.ar.s.else.fo.exampli.child'.game.'Let'.pla.make-believe,.sai.Sam.

P11.Sh.washe.u.i..rive.o.make-believe.burne.u.wit..lo.o.knowledg.w.didn,.necessaril.nee.t.know.

Shetriedtobrainwashuswithfantasies,andtortureduswithalotofuselessknowledge.

Wash,river,bum:metaphor

P11.Presse.u.t.he.wit.th.seriou.wa.sh.read.tshov.u.awa.a.jus.th.momen..lik.dimwits.w.seeme.abou.tunderstand.

Shove:topushsb/sthinaroughway;jostle

[v.Th.crow.wa.pushin.an.shovin.t.ge..bette.wew.

[vn.usuail..adv..prep..H.shove,he.dow.th.stairs.

P11.Presse.u.t.he.wit.th.seriou.wa.sh.read.t.shov.u.awa.a.jus.th.momen..lik.dimwits.w.seeme.abou.t.understand.

Dimwit:stupidperson,simpleton

Sh.force.u.t.liste.t.he.wit.he.seriou.wa.o.reading.bu.di.no.bothe.t.explai.whe.w.neede.clarifications.

DidDeereallywantto'educate'herfamily?

P12:Organdy蝉翼纱

P12:High/low-heeledpumps

无带浅口女鞋

ashoethatgripsthefootchieflyatthetoeandheelespecially:aclose-fittingwoman'sdressshoewithamoderateto

highheel

P12.Sh.wa.determine.t.star.dow.an.disaste.i.he.efforts.

Staredown:Tocausetowaverorgiveinbyorasifbystaring

Sh.wa.determine.t.confron.an.t.overcom.andifficult.wit.he.effort.

P12.He.eyelid.woul.no.flicke.fo.minute.a..time.

.[v.t.mov.wit.smal.quic.movements.He.eyelid.flickere.a.sh.slept.

P12.He.eyelid.woul.no.flicke.fo.minute.a..time.

.[v.(o..ligh.o..flame.t.kee.goin.o.an.of.a.i.shine.o.burns.Th.light.flickere.an.wen.out.th.flickerin.scree.o.th.televisi

on

.[..adv..prep..(o.a.emotion..thought.etc..t.b.expresse.o.appea.somewher.fo..shor.time.Ange.flickere.i.hi.eyes..smi

l.flickere.acros.he.face.

P13.Don'.as.m.why.i.192.colore.aske.fewe.question.tha.the.d.now.

PlS.Sh.stumble.alon.good-naturedl.bu.can\se.well.

1~(over/onsth)tohityourfootagainststhwhileyouarewalkingorrunningandalmostfall;trip:Istumbledovera

rock.

3~(over/throughsth)tomakeamistakeormistakesandstopwhileyouarespeaking,readingtosborplayingmusic:

I.he.nervousnes.sh.stumble.ove.he.words.

.stumble.throug.th.pian.piec.wit.difficulty.

P13.Sh.stumble.alon.good-naturedl.bu.can'.se.well.

Maggi.i.ver.cheerfu.whe.readin.t.me.bu.sh.ofte.make,mistake.becaus.sh.canno.se.th.perly.

Compare:...butcan'treadwell.

P13:whohasmossyteethinanearnestface

Moss:苔葬

Mossy:

1:resemblingmoss;

2:coveredwithmossorsomethinglikemoss

P13:whohasmossyteethinanearnestface

Earnest

veryseriousandsincere:

anearnestyoungman

Despit.he.eames.efforts,sh.coul.no.fin..job.

P13..wa.hooke.i.th.sid.i.'49.Cow.ar.soothin.an.slo.

Hook:hit

Soothing:calming,comforting

P14:TinRoof

P14:ShingleRoof木瓦

Athinotlongpieceofmaterial,suchaswoodorslate,thatislaidinoverla叩ingrowstocovertherooforsicesofa

houseorotherbuilding.

P14:Portholesinaship舷窗

P14:rawhideholdingtheshuttersup

1:awhipofuntannedhide

2:untannedcattleskin生牛皮

P14:Shutters百叶窗

P14:Thishouseisinapasture,too

landcoveredwithgrassthatissuitableforfeedinganimalson:

♦highmountainpastures

.Th.cattl.wer.pu.ou.t.pasture.

P14:nomatterwherewe"choose"tolive,shewillmanagetocomeseeus

DidDee'smotherandsisterhaveachoiceornot?

Condescendingtone

P15,Furtiv.boy.i.pin.shirt.hangin.abou.o.washda.afte.school.

Furtive:

behavingasifyouwanttokeepsomethingsecret[=secretive]:Therewassomethingfurtiveabouthisactions.

han.aroun……(informal.t.wai.o.sta.nea..place.no.doin.ver.much.Yes.an.l

l.g.o.ahead.

P15.Furtiv.boy.i.pin.shirt.hangin.abou.o.washda.afte.school.

Washday.,day.ofte.th.sam.da.ever.week.whe.th.clothes.linens.etc.o..househol.ar.washed.Monda.wa.th.traditiona.washin.

day.bu.i.winte.th.dryin.fro.washda.coul.g.o.al.week.

P15:Impressedwithhertheyworshipedthewell-turnedphrase,

Concisel/oraptlyexpressed

P15:thecuteshape

cute

1.ver.prett.o.attractive..cut.littl.pupp.

2.especiall.America.Englis.sexuall.attractive.Tel.u.abou.thi.cut.gu.yo.met!

Shape:Thecontourofaperson'sbody;thefigure

P15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlye

scal.ver.[vn.t.bur.yoursel.o.par.o.you.bod.wit.ver.ho.liqui.o.steam.B.carefu.no.t.scal.yoursel.wit.th.steam.

Scaldingadj.

1.Causin..burnin.sensation.a.fro.contac.wit.ho.liquid.

4.Harshl.critica.o.denunciatory.scathing..scaldin.revie.o.th.pla.

P15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlye

scal.ver.[vn.t.bur.yoursel.o.par.o.you.bod.wit.ver.ho.liqui.o.steam.B.carefu.no.t.scal.yoursel.wit.th.steam.

Scaldingadj.

1.Causin..burnin.sensation.a.fro.contac.wit.ho.liquid.

4.Harshl.critica.o.denunciatory.scathing..scaldin.revie.o.th.pla.

P15:thescaldinghumorthateruptedlikebubblesinlye

Erupt:lbemergeviolentlyfromrestraintorimits;explode:

Myneighboreruptedinangeroverthenoise.

Lye:Theliquidobtainedbyleachingwoodashes.

碱液：通过过滤木灰得到的液体

P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytous

chase

[intransitive,transitive](informal)totrytopersuadesomebodytohaveasexualrelationshipwithyou

chaseaftersomebodyKevin'sbeenchasingafterJoanformonths.

chas.somebod.Girl.ar.alway.chasin.him.

P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytous

pursuesomebody/somethingtofolloworchasesomebody/something,especiallyinordertocatchthemSheleftthe

theatre,hotlypursuedbythepress.

Policepursuedthecarathighspeed.

Jak.ha.bee.pursuit).he.(.tryin.t.hav..relationshi.wither.fo.months.

P16:WhenshewascourtingJimmyTshedidn'thavemuchtimetopaytous

woosomebody

(old-fashSed)(ofaman)totrytopersuadeawomantolovehimandmarryhim

P16.H.fle.t.marr..chea.cit.gir.fro..famil.o.ignoran.flash.people.

Chea.an.showy.gaudy.俗艳的：低劣的或华而不实.勺；庸俗而华丽的

Givingamomentaryorsuperficialimpressionofbrilliance闪烁的，炫耀的：给人以短暂或表面印象的光彩或

才华的

gaudyflashygarishloudmeretricioustawdryThecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesistastelesslyshowy

Pl.Sh.hardl.ha.tim.t.recompos.herself.

(re)composeoneself:Tomakeoneselfcalmdown

静一静心，把发生的事告诉我。

Composeyourselfandtrytotellmewhathappened.

在大批观众面前她看上去泰然自若。

Sheappearedcomposedbeforethelargeaudience.

P18Maggieattemptstomakeadashforthehouse

Dash:rush,suddenmovement

火警一响，所有的人都向出口奔去。

Whe.th.fir.alar.went.al.th.peopl.mad..das.fo.th.exit.

要下大雨了，赶紧跑到一个地方避避雨。

If.pourin.wit.rain.Mak..das.fo..shelter.

P1.Fe..short.stock.man.

stocky

I.Solidl.built.sturdy.

2.Chubby.plump.

P19hangingfromhischinlikeakinkymuletail

Tightl.twiste.o.curled.kink.hair.

P1.Lik.whe.yo.se.th.wrigglin.en.o..snak.jus.i.fron.o.you.foo.o.th.road.

1.t.twis.an.tur.you.bod.o.par.o.i.wit.quic.shortmovement.Synony.wiggl.

2.t.mov.somewher.b.twistin.an.turnin.you.bc<i.o.par.o.i.Synony.squir.

P2..dres.s.lou.i.hurt.m.eyes.

(ofcolours,patterns,etc.)toobrightandlackinggoodtaste;gaudy,garish

Compare:"tackyflowers"(P54)

P2..dres.s.lou.i.hurt.m.eyes.

BlackCulturalnationalism:DressedlikenativeAfricans

P2..dres.s.lou.i.hurt.m.eyes.

Synaesthesia

Aconditioninwhichonetypeofstimulationevokesthesensationofanother,aswhenthehearingofasoundproduces

thevisualizationofacolor.

Coloured-hearin.i.th.mos.commo.for.o.synaesthesia.i.whic.hearin..wor.evoke.th.perceptio.o.colour.

Synaesthesia

热闹，冷静；暖红，寒碧

红杏枝头春意闹

Thegirlis/oud/ydressed.

Heiswearingaloudnecktie.

Thegentlemanisquietlyarrayed.

P20Braceletsdanglingandmakingnoises

Bracelet:手镯

Dangle:tohangorswingfreely

P2..hea.Maggi.g.NUhnnnh.again.

Go+soundmeanstomakeaparticularsound.

气球砰的一声爆开了。

Theballoonsuddenlywentbang.

枪砰地响了一声。

Thegungoesbang.

气泡越来越大，噗的一声破裂了。

Thebabblewasgettingbiggerandbiggeruntilitwentpop.

P2.l.i.blac.a.nigh.an.aroun.th.edge.ar.tw.lon.pigtail.tha.rop.abou.lik.smal.lizard.disappearin.behin.he.ears.

P21"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o"

l.1970.i.wa.fashionabl.t.Africa.American.t.rediscove.thei.root.i.Africa.an.rejec.an.den.thei.America.heritage.S.i.beca

m.fashionabl.fo.som.youn.Africa.American.tus.word.o.phrase.o.Africa.Ianguages.

P21"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o"

Thi.i..Lucand.phras.showin.ho.th.Bugand.peopl.o.Ugand.sa.

,Goo.Morning,.l.ca.b.translate.a.somethin.lik.".hop.yo.hav.slep.weir.On.ca.wonde.wh.sh.use.thi.greetin.whe.sh.mus.

kno.tha.th.phras.wil.mak.n.sens.fo.he.mother.

Timeofheday?

P21Theshortstockyfellowwiththehairtohisnavelisallgrinning

Bellybutton

P21Theshortstockyfellowwiththehairtohisnavelisallqrinninq

Todrawbackthelipsandbaretheteeth,asinmirthorgoodhumor

Allgrinning

Allcanbeusedtomeanthegreatestpossibleamountofthequalityyouarementioning.

Wecansayinallhonestythatwedidevery:hingwecould.

Suddenl.h.cam.in.al.excited.

Thehostess,allsmiles,camedowntomeetus.

P21Asalamalakim

Dee’.boy-frien.i..blac.Musli.wh.greet.th.mothe.an.siste.wit.th.well-know.Ara.greetin.Asalamalaki.(Peac.b.wit.you).

Seekin.thei.socia.identity.som.Africa.American.converte.t.lslam.regardin.Christianit.a.th.religio.o.th.whites.thei.oppressor

s..blac.Musli.shoul.tak..Musli.nam.an.ea.certai.food.an.avoi.others..famou.exampl.i.Muhamma.AI.(Cassiu.Marcellu.Clay.

wh.converte.t.lsla.i.1964.

irony

(Gk'dissimulation'.Firs.recorde.i.Plato'.Republi.(4t.c.rc),wher.i.ha.approximatel.th.meanin.o.'.gli.an.underhan.wa.o.takin.p

eopl.in'.l.th.Platoni.dialogue.Socrate.himsel.take.th.rol.o.th.eiro.o.'dissembler.and.assumin.th.pos.o.ignoranc.an.foolishn

erlocutor,.cas.an.tra.hi.(throug.th.latter.admissi

.seein.th.truth.

irony

HenryWatsonFowler,inTheKindsEnqlish,says"anydefinitionofirony-thoughhundredsmightbegiven,andvery

fewofthemwouldbeaccepted—mustincludethis,thatthesurfacemeaningandtheunderiyingmeaningofwhatissaid

arenotthesame."

Also,EricPartridge,inUsageandAbusaqe,writesthat"Ironyconsistsinstatingthecontraryofwhatismeant."

irony

Th.wor."ironic.i.sometime.use.a..synony.fo."incongruous.i.situation.wher.ther.i.n.

^doubl.audience.an.n.contradictio.betweeth.ostensibl.an.tru.meanin.o.th.words.A.exampl.o.suc.usage:

('Ironically,SirArthurSullivanisrememberedforthecomicoperashefoundembarrassing,ratherthantheseriousworks

hehopedwouldbehislegacy."

Verbalirony

Verba,iron.i..contras,betwee.expressio.an.intention.whe..speake.say.on.thin.bu.mean,another.o.whe..litera.meanin.i.cont

rar.t.it.intende.effect.

A.exampl.o.thi.i.whe.someon.say."Oh.that'.beautiful”.whe.wha.the.mea.(probabl.conveye.b.thei.tone.i.the.fin.

“that.quit.ug。

Verbalirony

municat.th.opposito.wha.the.mean.ofte.i.th.for.o.a..a.B

.Fo.instance.th.followin.explici.simile.mean.no..bu.qualitie.associate.wit.B:

assoftasconcrete(hard)

asclearasmud(unclear)

asfunascancer(horrible)

Dramaticirony

Dramati.iron.i..differenc.betwee.expressio.an.awareness.whe.word.an.action,posses..significanc.tha.th.listene.o.audienc

.understands.bu.th.speake.o.characte.doe.not.Fo.example.i.Rome.an.Juliet.th.othe.character.i.th.cas.thin.Julie.i.dead.bu

.th.audienc.know.sh.onl.too..sleepin.potion.

Situationalirony

Sentio.an.result.whe.th.resul.o.a.actio.i.contrar.t.th.desire.o.expecte.effect.

Ukewise.cosmi.iron.i.disparit.betwee.huma.desire.an.th.hars.realitie.o.th.outsid.world.B.som.definitions.situati

ona.iron.an.cosmi.iron.ar.no.iron.a.all.

P2.Sinc..a.stou.i.take.somethin.o..push.Yo.ca.se.m.tryin.t.mov..secon.o.tw.befor..mak.it.

fatanditssynonyms

Fat:impolite,usedtotalkaboutyourfamilymembers,closefriends.

Overweight:usedfromamedicalpointofview.

Big.meanin.fa.an.tall.use.tavoi.th.impolit.wor.ufatn.

Obese:extremelyfatinawaythatisunheathy.

Stout.meanin.shor.an.fat.use.especiall.t.tal.abou..middle-age.person.an.t.avoi.th.unpleasan.wor.“fat”.

Plump.fa.i..pleasan.an.attractiv.way.ofte.use.t.avoi.th.impolit.wor.<4fat

Chubby:usedtotalkaboutsmallchild,meaningfatinapleasant,healthy-lookingway.

P2.Sinc..a.stou.i.take.somethin.o..push.Yo.ca.se.m.tryin.t.mov..se