外研版七年级上册英语全册知识点归纳

外研版七年级上册英语全册知识点归纳一、语音知识(Phonetics)语音是语言的声音基础，学好语音有助于正确发音、流利朗读和准确听力。1.26个英文字母的发音：务必熟练掌握每个字母在单词中的常见发音，以及字母本身的名称音。这是单词拼读的基础。2.国际音标(IPA)入门：本学期会接触到部分元音和辅音音标的初步概念。重点关注课本中出现的音标，尝试对照单词进行拼读。*元音：如/i:/,/ɪ/,/e/,/æ/,/ɑ:/,/ɒ/,/ʌ/,/u:/,/ʊ/,/ə/等单元音，以及/eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/əʊ/,/aʊ/等双元音。*辅音：如/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/θ/,/ð/,/ʃ/,/ʒ/,/tʃ/,/dʒ/,/m/,/n/,/ŋ/,/l/,/r/,/w/,/j/。3.基本的拼读规则：*开音节与闭音节对元音发音的影响。*常见字母组合的发音，如"ee"发/i:/,"ea"有时发/i:/有时发/e/,"oo"发/u:/或/ʊ/等。4.重音：了解单词重音的概念，初步感知双音节词的重音位置。二、词汇(Vocabulary)词汇是语言的建筑材料，坚持每天记忆和运用单词是学好英语的关键。1.核心话题词汇：*问候与介绍(GreetingsandIntroductions)：name,hello,hi,goodmorning/afternoon/evening,goodbye,bye,nicetomeetyou,thisis...,my,your,Iam(I'm),youare(you're),he/she/itis(he's/she's/it's)。*数字(Numbers)：0-30及其以上的整十数，百(hundred)。能够用数字表达年龄、电话号码、数量等。*颜色(Colours)：red,yellow,blue,green,black,white,purple,orange,brown,pink。*家庭与朋友(FamilyandFriends)：family,father(dad),mother(mum),brother,sister,grandfather(grandpa),grandmother(grandma),friend,parent(s),cousin。*食物与饮料(FoodandDrink)：rice,noodles,meat,fish,egg,apple,banana,orange,pear,milk,water,juice,cake,hamburger,noodles。*衣物(Clothes)：coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,dress,trousers,shoes,cap,hat。*动物(Animals)：cat,dog,bird,panda,tiger,lion,elephant,monkey。*方位与地点(PositionsandPlaces)：in,on,under,behind,nextto,at,school,home,park,zoo,shop。*能力与喜好(AbilitiesandHobbies)：can,sing,dance,swim,run,jump,draw,like,love,favourite。2.词汇拓展与运用：*名词单复数：掌握规则名词的复数变化(加-s,-es)，如book-books,bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes。了解常见不规则名词复数，如man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,sheep-sheep,fish-fish。*代词：*人称代词主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they。*人称代词宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them。*物主代词：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(形容词性物主代词，后面需跟名词)。*指示代词：this,that,these,those。*动词：be动词(am,is,are),can,have/has,like,play,go,do,make,see,say,meet等。*数词：基数词(表示数量)。*介词：in,on,under,behind,nextto,at,to,with,for。*形容词：big,small,tall,short,long,new,old,good,fine,nice,happy,sad,favourite,many,much,some,any。*副词：too,very,here,there,now,often。三、语法(Grammar)语法是语言的组织规则，帮助我们正确地遣词造句。1.be动词的用法：*基本形式：am,is,are。*肯定句：Iam.../He/She/Itis.../We/You/Theyare...*否定句：在am,is,are后加not(isn't,aren't)。*一般疑问句：将am,is,are提到句首，句末用问号。肯定回答：Yes,...am/is/are.否定回答：No,...amnot/isn't/aren't.*缩写形式：I'm,you're,he's,she's,it's,we're,they're,isn't,aren't。2.名词：*单复数：如词汇部分所述，重点掌握规则变化和常见不规则变化。*所有格：名词后加's表示“……的”，如Tom'sbook,mymother'sbag。以s结尾的复数名词，只加'，如thestudents'classroom。3.代词：*人称代词：区分主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语或表语)。*物主代词：形容词性物主代词(my,your...)后面必须跟名词；名词性物主代词(mine,yours...)相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，后面不跟名词(七年级上册初步接触，重点掌握形容词性)。*指示代词：this(这个)，that(那个)指代单数名词或不可数名词；these(这些)，those(那些)指代复数名词。打电话时常用thisis...(我是……)，thatis...(你是……吗？)。4.情态动词can：*表示“能，会”做某事。*肯定句：主语+can+动词原形+...*否定句：主语+can+not(can't)+动词原形+...*一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+...?肯定回答：Yes,...can.否定回答：No,...can't.5.名词所有格：*构成：单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s。*例如：Tom’sbag(汤姆的包),myfather’scar(我爸爸的车),Children’sDay(儿童节)。*以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’。*例如：theteachers’office(老师们的办公室)。6.动词have/has的用法：*表示“拥有”。*肯定句：I/You/We/Theyhave.../He/She/Ithas...*否定句：I/You/We/Theydon'thave.../He/She/Itdoesn'thave...*一般疑问句：DoI/you/we/theyhave...?/Doeshe/she/ithave...?肯定回答：Yes,...do/does.否定回答：No,...don't/doesn't.7.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)初步：*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。*当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it,单数名词,不可数名词)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式(通常加-s或-es)。例如：Helikesapples.Shegoestoschoolbybike.Iteatsfish.*实义动词的否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do/does。8.祈使句(ImperativeSentence)：*表示命令、请求、建议等。通常以动词原形开头。*肯定式：Standup.Openyourbooks.*否定式：Don't+动词原形.Don'topenthedoor.Don'tbelate.9.Therebe句型：*表示“某地有某物/某人”。*肯定句：Thereisa/an...(单数/不可数名词)+地点状语./Therearesome...(复数名词)+地点状语.*否定句：Thereisn'ta/an.../Therearen'tany...*一般疑问句：Istherea/an...?/Arethereany...?肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn't/aren't.*就近原则：be动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词的单复数决定。10.介词(Prepositions)的简单用法：*表示时间：at(atseveno'clock,atChristmas),in(inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inJanuary,in2023),on(onMonday,onChildren'sDay,onthe1stofMay)。四、功能意念项目(FunctionsandNotions)这部分帮助我们理解和运用英语进行特定的交际活动。1.问候与应答(GreetingsandResponses)：*—Hello!/Hi!—Hello!/Hi!*—Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!—Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!*—Howareyou?—Fine,thankyou./I'mfine,thanks.Andyou?—I'mOK./Notbad.2.介绍(Introductions)：*Thisismyfriend,Tom.*—What'syourname?—Mynameis.../I'm...*—Nicetomeetyou.—Nicetomeetyou,too.3.告别(Farewells)：*Goodbye!/Bye!/Bye-bye!/Seeyou!/Seeyoutomorrow!4.询问个人信息：*—Howoldareyou?—I'mtwelve(yearsold).*—Whatclassareyouin?—I'minClassOne,GradeSeven.5.谈论物品：*—What'sthis/thatinEnglish?—It'sa/an...*—Whatarethese/thoseinEnglish?—Theyare...*—Whatcolourisit?—It'sred.*—Whatcolourarethey?—Theyareblue.*—Isthis/thata...?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.*—Arethese/those...?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.6.谈论能力：*—Canyouswim?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*Icansing,butIcan'tdance.7.谈论喜好与厌恶：*—What'syourfavourite...?—Myfavourite...is.../Ilike...(best).*—Doyoulike...?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*Ilikeapples.Idon'tlikebananas.8.提出请求与提供帮