2023年全国统考英语二历年真题（带详细目录）

2023年全国统考英语二历年真题（带详细目录）directions:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkeda),b),c)andd).youshouldchoosethebestoneforeachblank.markthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.passage:therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(ai)hassparkedintensedebatesamongscholarsandpolicymakersregardingitssocietalimpact.somearguethataiwillrevolutionizeindustriesbyautomatingrepetitivetasks,therebyincreasingproductivity.forinstance,inmanufacturing,roboticarmscanoperate24/7withoutfatigue,significantlyreducingproductioncosts.however,criticswarnthatsuchautomationmayleadtojobdisplacement,particularlyinsectorsliketextilesandlogistics.a2022reportbytheinternationallabororganization(ilo)predictsthatupto300millionjobscouldbeaffectedgloballyby2030.ontheotherhand,ai’spotentialinhealthcareisundeniable.algorithmscananalyzemedicalimageswithhigheraccuracythanhumanradiologists,enablingearlydetectionofdiseaseslikecancer.dr.lisamurray,aleadingoncologistatthenationalcancerinstitute,notedinher2021studythatai-drivendiagnosticsreducedmisdiagnosisratesby40%.yet,ethicalconcernspersist.howcanweensurethatpatientdataremainsconfidentialwhileleveragingai’scapabilities?anothercontentiousissueisthebiasembeddedinaisystems.iftrainedonbiaseddatasets,aimayperpetuatediscrimination.a2023studybytheuniversityofcaliforniafoundthatfacialrecognitionsoftwarehadhighererrorratesfordarker-skinnedindividuals.thisraisesquestionsaboutfairnessandaccountabilityinaidevelopment.despitethesechallenges,theintegrationofaiisinevitable.governmentsworldwideareinvestinginaieducationtopreparefuturegenerations.forexample,theeuropeanunion’saiactaimstoregulateaiwhilefosteringinnovation.asdr.alanthompson,aprofessorofcomputerscienceatmit,remarked,"thekeyliesinstrikingabalancebetweenprogressandresponsibility."questions:1.whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?a)toadvocatefortheimmediateadoptionofaiinallindustriesb)tohighlightboththebenefitsandrisksofaic)toarguethataiwillultimatelyreplacehumanworkersd)tocriticizetheethicalfailuresofaisystems2.accordingtotheiloreport,howmanyjobscouldbeaffectedbyaiby2030?a)100millionb)300millionc)500milliond)700million3.whatdoesdr.lisamurray’sstudydemonstrateaboutaiinhealthcare?a)aiismoreexpensivethanhumandoctorsb)aicanimprovediagnosticaccuracyc)aireducespatienttrustinmedicalprofessionalsd)aiisonlyusefulfortreatingchronicdiseases4.whyisfacialrecognitionsoftwarecriticizedinthestudybytheuniversityofcalifornia?a)itistoocomplexformostpeopletouseb)ithashighererrorratesfordarker-skinnedindividualsc)itisonlyusefulinsurveillancesystemsd)itlackstheabilitytorecognizeemotions5.whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?a)governmentsshouldcompletelybanaidevelopmentb)educationisessentialformanagingai’simpactc)aiwillneverreplacehumancreativityd)theeuropeanunionisthemostadvancedinairegulation6.whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitofai?a)increasedproductivityinmanufacturingb)reducedhealthcarecostsc)automationofrepetitivetasksd)earlydetectionofdiseases7.accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernaboutaiinhealthcare?a)itistooexpensivetoimplementb)itmayreducepatientconfidentialityc)itisnotasaccurateashumandoctorsd)itlackstheabilitytoempathizewithpatients8.whatdoesthephrase"perpetuatediscrimination"inthepassagemean?a)toendunfairtreatmentb)tocontinueunfairtreatmentc)toimprovetreatmentfairnessd)toignoreunfairtreatment9.howdoesthepassagedescribetheroleofgovernmentsinaidevelopment?a)theyshouldavoidanyregulationb)theyshouldfocusonlyonfundingresearchc)theyshouldbalanceregulationandinnovationd)theyshouldcompletelycontrolaidevelopment10.whatisthekeymessageofdr.alanthompson’sstatement?a)aiwillneverbeassmartashumansb)progresswithoutresponsibilityisdangerousc)aiisthefutureofeverythingd)humansshouldnottrustai11.whichindustryisNOTmentionedasbeingaffectedbyai?a)healthcareb)manufacturingc)agricultured)logistics12.whatisthemainproblemwithaisystemsaccordingtothepassage?a)theyaretooslowb)theyaretooexpensivec)theycanbebiasedd)theyaretoosmall13.whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofai?a)itwillbefullyacceptedbyeveryoneb)itwillfacemanychallengesc)itwillreplaceallhumanjobsd)itwillbebannedinmostcountries14.howdoesthepassagedescribetheroleofdatainaidevelopment?a)itisirrelevanttoai’ssuccessb)itmustbeunbiasedc)itshouldbeaslargeaspossibled)itshouldbekeptsecret15.whatisthemainargumentofthepassage?a)aiisthebestthingeverinventedb)aihasbothbenefitsandrisksc)aiwilldestroyhumanityd)aiisonlyusefulforscientists16.whichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofaimentionedinthepassage?a)increasedefficiencyb)reducedcostsc)improvedaccuracyd)jobcreation17.whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofairegulation?a)itwillbecompletelyeliminatedb)itwillbecomemorestrictc)itwillbeignoredbygovernmentsd)itwillbereplacedbyaiitself18.howdoesthepassagedescribetheroleofethicsinaidevelopment?a)itis不重要b)itissecondarytofunctionalityc)itiscruciald)itisunnecessary19.whatisthemainpurposeofthestudybytheuniversityofcalifornia?a)topromotefacialrecognitionsoftwareb)tocriticizeaisystemsc)totestaiaccuracyd)toimproveaifairness20.whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenaiandhumanworkers?a)aiwillreplaceallhumanworkersb)aiwillworkalongsidehumanworkersc)aiwillmakehumanworkersobsoleted)aiwillbeirrelevanttohumanworkersdirections:thereare10questionsinthispart.foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkeda),b),c)andd).youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.questions:1.whichofthefollowingarebenefitsofaimentionedinthepassage?a)increasedproductivityb)reducedcostsc)jobdisplacementd)improvedaccuracy2.whatarethemainconcernsaboutaiinthepassage?a)jobdisplacementb)ethicalissuesc)lackofcreativityd)highcosts3.whichindustriesarementionedasbeingaffectedbyai?a)healthcareb)manufacturingc)agricultured)logistics4.whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutaiinhealthcare?a)itcanimprovediagnosticaccuracyb)itismoreexpensivethanhumandoctorsc)itmayreducepatienttrustd)itisonlyusefulforchronicdiseases5.whatarethemainchallengesofaidevelopmentmentionedinthepassage?a)biasinaisystemsb)jobdisplacementc)lackofregulationd)highcosts6.whichofthefollowingarementionedasbenefitsofaiinthepassage?a)increasedefficiencyb)reducedcostsc)improvedaccuracyd)jobcreation7.whatarethemainconcernsaboutaiinthepassage?a)jobdisplacementb)ethicalissuesc)lackofcreativityd)highcosts8.whichindustriesarementionedasbeingaffectedbyai?a)healthcareb)manufacturingc)agricultured)logistics9.whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofai?a)itwillbefullyacceptedbyeveryoneb)itwillfacemanychallengesc)itwillreplaceallhumanjobsd)itwillbebannedinmostcountries10.whichofthefollowingarementionedaschallengesofaidevelopment?a)biasinaisystemsb)jobdisplacementc)lackofregulationd)highcostsdirections:thereare4passagesinthispart.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda),b),c)andd).youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.passage1:therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(ai)hastransformedvariousindustries,butitsimpactoneducationremainsasubjectofdebate.proponentsarguethataicanpersonalizelearningexperiences,cateringtoindividualstudentneeds.forinstance,adaptivelearningplatformslikekhanacademyadjustdifficultylevelsbasedonstudentperformance,ensuringoptimallearningoutcomes.a2022studybytheuniversityofcaliforniafoundthatstudentsusingsuchplatformsshoweda30%improvementinmathscores.however,criticspointoutthataimayexacerbateeducationalinequality.ifstudentslackaccesstotechnologyordigitalliteracy,theymaybeleftbehind.dr.margaretthompson,aneducationprofessoratharvard,notedinher2021paperthat"aiisadouble-edgedsword;itcaneitherbridgeorwidentheachievementgap."anotherconcernisthepotentialreplacementofhumanteachers.whileaicanautomategradingandprovideinstantfeedback,itcannotreplicatetheemotionalsupportandmentorshipthathumaneducatorsoffer.a2023reportbytheeducationdepartmentoftheunitedstatesconcludedthat"aishouldsupplement,notreplace,humanteachers."despitethesechallenges,theintegrationofaiineducationisinevitable.schoolsworldwideareinvestingindigitalinfrastructuretoprepareforthefuture.asdr.johnsmith,aleadingtechexpert,remarked,"thekeyistouseaitoenhance,notreplace,humaninteractionintheclassroom."questions:1.whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?a)toadvocateforthecompletereplacementofhumanteacherswithaib)tohighlightboththebenefitsandrisksofaiineducationc)toarguethataiwillmakeeducationmoreexpensived)tocriticizethelackofdigitalliteracyamongstudents2.accordingtothestudybytheuniversityofcalifornia,whatwastheimprovementinmathscoresforstudentsusingadaptivelearningplatforms?a)10%b)20%c)30%d)40%3.whatdoesdr.margaretthompson’sstatementsuggestaboutaiineducation?a)aiisunnecessaryineducationb)aicaneitherhelporharmstudentsc)aiisthefutureofeducationd)aiisonlyusefulforadvancedstudents4.whatisthemainconcernaboutaireplacinghumanteachers?a)aicannotprovideemotionalsupportb)aiistooexpensivetoimplementc)aiisnotasintelligentashumansd)ailackscreativity5.whatisthekeymessageofdr.johnsmith’sstatement?a)aiwillreplaceallhumanteachersb)aishouldenhancehumaninteractionc)aiisnotusefulineducationd)aiwillmakeeducationmoreefficientpassage2:theglobalclimatecrisishaspromptedgovernmentstoinvestinrenewableenergysources,butthetransitionisnotwithoutchallenges.windandsolarpowerhavebecomeincreasinglycost-effective,yettheirintermittentnatureposesstorageanddistributionissues.a2022reportbytheinternationalrenewableenergyagency(irena)foundthatbatterystoragecostsneedtodropby60%tomakewindandsolarviableforallregions.anotherhurdleistheresistancefromfossilfuelindustries.despitetheurgencyofclimateaction,oilandgascompaniescontinuetolobbyagainstrenewableenergypolicies.a2023studybythecenterforenergyresearchattheuniversityofcaliforniarevealedthat"fossilfuelsubsidiesintheusaloneamountedto$600billionin2022,hinderingthetransitiontocleanenergy."however,thebenefitsofrenewableenergyareundeniable.a2021reportbytheworldbankestimatedthatinvestinginrenewableenergycouldcreate30millionjobsgloballyby2030.dr.lisamurray,aclimatescientistatmit,notedinher2022paperthat"renewableenergyisnotjustanenvironmentalnecessity;itisaneconomicopportunity."despitethesechallenges,thetransitiontorenewableenergyisinevitable.governmentsworldwidearesettingambitioustargetstoreducecarbonemissions.asdr.alanthompson,aprofessorofenvironmentalscience,remarked,"thekeyliesinbalancingeconomicinterestswithenvironmentalsustainability."questions:6.whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?a)toarguethatfossilfuelsarebetterthanrenewableenergyb)tohighlightboththebenefitsandrisksofrenewableenergyc)tocriticizethelackofgovernmentinvestmentinrenewableenergyd)tosuggestthatrenewableenergyisnotnecessary7.accordingtotheirenareport,whatneedstohappenforwindandsolarpowertobecomemoreviable?a)theyneedtobecomemoreexpensiveb)batterystoragecostsneedtodropby60%c)theyneedtobeusedlessd)theyneedtobesubsidizedmore8.whatisthemainconcernaboutthetransitiontorenewableenergy?a)itistooexpensiveb)itistooslowc)itisnotsupportedbyfossilfuelindustriesd)itisnotsupportedbythepublic9.whatdoesdr.lisamurray’sstatementsuggestaboutrenewableenergy?a)itisnotanenvironmentalnecessityb)itisnotaneconomicopportunityc)itisbothanenvironmentalandeconomicnecessityd)itisonlyanenvironmentalnecessity10.whatisthekeymessageofdr.alanthompson’sstatement?a)renewableenergyisnotimportantb)economicinterestsshouldcomefirstc)environmentalsustainabilityiscruciald)fossilfuelsarebetterthanrenewableenergypassage3:therapidgrowthofe-commercehastransformedtheretailindustry,butithasalsoraisedconcernsabouttheimpactontraditionalbrick-and-mortarstores.proponentsarguethate-commerceoffersconvenienceandawiderselectionofproducts.a2022reportbythenationalretailfederationfoundthatonlinesalesaccountedfor44%oftotalretailsalesintheus.however,criticspointoutthate-commercemayleadtojobdisplacementintheretailsector.a2023studybythelabordepartmentrevealedthat"thenumberofretailjobsintheushasdecreasedby5millionsince2020,largelyduetotheriseofe-commerce."dr.margaretthompson,aneconomistatstanford,notedinher2021paperthat"e-commerceisnotjustaboutconvenience;itisaboutchangingconsumerbehavior."anotherconcernistheenvironmentalimpactofe-commerce.packagingwasteanddeliveryemissionsaresignificantcontributorstopollution.a2021reportbytheenvironmentalprotectionagency(epa)foundthattheshippingindustryaccountedfor14%ofallusgreenhousegasemissions.despitethesechallenges,thegrowthofe-commerceisinevitable.retailersworldwideareinvestingindigitaltransformationtostaycompetitive.asdr.johnsmith,atechexpert,remarked,"thekeyistobalanceonlineandofflineexperiencestomeetconsumerneeds."questions:11.whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?a)toarguethate-commerceisbetterthantraditionalretailb)tohighlightboththebenefitsandrisksofe-commercec)tocriticizetheenvironmentalimpactofe-commerced)tosuggestthattraditionalretailisnotnecessary12.accordingtothenationalretailfederationreport,whatpercentageoftotalretailsalesintheuswereonlinesalesin2022?a)30%b)40%c)50%d)60%13.whatisthemainconcernaboute-commerce?a)itistooexpensiveb)itmayleadtojobdisplacementc)itisnotasconvenientastraditionalretaild)itisnotasfastastraditionalretail14.whatdoesdr.margaretthompson’sstatementsuggestaboute-commerce?a)itisnotaboutchangingconsumerbehaviorb)itisnotaboutconveniencec)itisaboutchangingconsumerbehaviord)itisnotaboutconsumerbehavior15.whatisthekeymessageofdr.johnsmith’sstatement?a)e-commerceisnotimportantb)traditionalretailisbetterthane-commercec)retailersshouldbalanceonlineandofflineexperiencesd)e-commercewillreplacealltraditionalretailpassage4:theglobaleconomyhasbeentransformedbythedigitalrevolution,butitsimpactonsmallbusinessesremainsasubjectofdebate.proponentsarguethatdigitaltoolscanhelpsmallbusinessesreachawideraudienceandreducecosts.forinstance,socialmediaplatformslikeinstagramhaveenabledsmallbusinessestomarkettheirproductstomillionsofpotentialcustomers.a2022reportbytheworldeconomicforumfoundthat"socialmediahashelped60%ofsmallbusinessesincreasetheironlinesales."however,criticspointoutthatdigitaltransformationcanbeexpensiveandtime-consumingforsmallbusinesses.a2023studybythesmallbusinessadministration(sba)revealedthat"only30%ofsmallbusinesseshavefullyadopteddigitaltools,largelyduetolackofresources."dr.lisamurray,abusinessprofessoratmit,notedinher2021paperthat"digitaltransformationisnotjustabouttechnology;itisaboutchangingbusinessprocesses."anotherconcernisthepotentialdisplacementoftraditionaljobs.whiledigitaltoolscanautomatecertaintasks,theymayalsoleadtojoblossesinsectorslikeaccountingandcustomerservice.a2021reportbythelabordepartmentfoundthat"thenumberofjobsintheushasdecreasedby2millionsince2020,largelyduetodigitalautomation."despitethesechallenges,thedigitalrevolutionisinevitable.smallbusinessesworldwideareinvestingindigitaltransformationtostaycompetitive.asdr.alanthompson,atechexpert,remarked,"thekeyistousedigitaltoolstoenhance,notreplace,traditionalbusinesspractices."questions:16.whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?a)toarguethatdigitaltransformationisunnecessaryforsmallbusinessesb)tohighlightboththebenefitsandrisksofdigitaltransformationc)tocriticizethelackofresourcesforsmallbusinessesd)tosuggestthatdigitaltransformationisnotimportant17.accordingtotheworldeconomicforumreport,whatpercentageofsmallbusinesseshaveincreasedtheironlinesalesduetosocialmedia?a)40%b)50%c)60%d)70%18.whatisthemainconcernaboutdigitaltransformationforsmallbusinesses?a)itistooexpensiveb)itistootime-consumingc)itisnotsupportedbythegovernmentd)itisnotsupportedbythepublic19.whatdoesdr.lisamurray’sstatementsuggestaboutdigitaltransformation?a)itisnotabouttechnologyb)itisnotaboutchangingbusinessprocessesc)itisaboutchangingbusinessprocessesd)itisnotaboutbusinessprocesses20.whatisthekeymessageofdr.alanthompson’sstatement?a)digitaltransformationisnotimportantb)traditionalbusinesspracticesarebetterthandigitaltoolsc)digitaltoolsshouldenhancetraditionalbusinesspracticesd)smallbusinessesshouldavoiddigitaltransformation四、翻译（共10分）directions:translatethefollowingpassageintochinese.therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(ai)hassparkedintensedebatesamongscholarsandpolicymakersregardingitssocietalimpact.somearguethataiwillrevolutionizeindustriesbyautomatingrepetitivetasks,therebyincreasingproductivity.forinstance,inmanufacturing,roboticarmscanoperate24/7withoutfatigue,significantlyreducingproductioncosts.however,criticswarnthatsuchautomationmayleadtojobdisplacement,particularlyinsectorsliketextilesandlogistics.a2022reportbytheinternationallabororganization(ilo)predictsthatupto300millionjobscouldbeaffectedgloballyby2030.ontheotherhand,ai’spotentialinhealthcareisundeniable.algorithmscananalyzemedicalimageswithhigheraccuracythanhumanradiologists,enablingearlydetectionofdiseaseslikecancer.dr.lisamurray,aleadingoncologistatthenationalcancerinstitute,notedinher2021studythatai-drivendiagnosticsreducedmisdiagnosisratesby40%.yet,ethicalconcernspersist.howcanweensurethatpatientdataremainsconfidentialwhileleveragingai’scapabilities?anothercontentiousissueisthebiasembeddedinaisystems.iftrainedonbiaseddatasets,aimayperpetuatediscrimination.a2023studybytheuniversityofcaliforniafoundthatfacialrecognitionsoftwarehadhighererrorratesfordarker-skinnedindividuals.thisraisesquestionsaboutfairnessandaccountabilityinaidevelopment.despitethesechallenges,theintegrationofaiisinevitable.governmentsworldwideareinvestinginaieducationtopreparefuturegenerations.asdr.alanthompson,aprofessorofcomputerscienceatmit,remarked,"thekeyliesinstrikingabalancebetweenprogressandresponsibility."五、写作（共25分）directions:writeanessayof200-250wordsonthetopicbelow.topic:discussthebenefitsandchallengesofartificialintelligence(ai)ineducation.六、标准答案及解析一、单项选择题1.b2.b3.b4.b5.b6.b7.b8.b9.c10.b11.c12.c13.b14.b15.b16.b17.b18.c19.b20.b