八年级下学期期末测试卷 （B卷·夯实基础）原卷版

【牛津（广州，深圳，沈阳）版】八年级下学期期末测试卷（B卷·提升能力）学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________考号：___________温馨提示：本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为90分，考试时间为100分钟。第Ⅰ卷选择题一、语法选择（15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JiangMengnanwasbornin1992inYizhang,Hunanprovince.Herworld___1___silentsinceshewas6monthsold,becauseherhearing___2___seriouslywhengivenmedicine.However,sheovercamemanydifficultiesandsucceededinstudyingatTsinghuaUniversity.___3___March3,2021,JiangMengnanreceivedtheawardofPersonTouchingChinafor2021.WhenJiangwasalittlekid,herparentsbeganteaching___4___toreadlips.They___5___taughtherhowtospeakbyputtingherhandsontheirthroats.Itwasaslow,hardprocess,___6___herparentsnevergaveupandJianglearnedtospeak.Whenshewas___7___,Jiangstudiedataprimaryschoollikemostcommonchildren.Shesaiditwasdifficultatfirst.Duringlessons,teacherswouldoftenwriteontheblackboard___8___theirbacktothestudents,soJiangfailedtoreadtheirlips.Shehadtocopydown___9___ontheblackboard.Afterclass,shestudiedhernotesalonesothatshe___10___keepupwithherclassmates.Herhardworkmadeheratopstudent.In2011,shegotintoJilinUniversitywith___11___excellentgrade.Aftergraduatingin2015,shewenton___12___computer-aideddrugdesignforahigherdegree.In2018,shecontinuedfurtherstudyatTsinghuaUniversity.“I___13___alwaysgratefulfortherespectI’vereceivedfrommyparents,teachersandfriends,”shesaid.“Theynevergivemespecialattentionformyimperfection,whichmeansI’veneverseenmyselfasdifferentfrom___14___.”Inthefuture,shewantstocontinuescientificresearchandcontribute___15___she’slearnedtodealwithproblemsoflifeandhealth.1.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.havebeen2.A.damages B.isdamaged C.damaged D.wasdamaged3.A.In B.At C.On D.From4.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself5.A.also B.too C.either D.aswell6.A.and B.or C.but D.so7.A.enoughold B.enoughyoung C.oldenough D.youngenough8.A.with B.by C.without D.before9.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing10.A.need B.should C.could D.must11.A.an B.a C.the D./12.A.study B.studies C.studied D.studying13.A.is B.was C.am D.were14.A.other B.others C.another D.theother15.A.when B.where C.how D.what二、完形填空（10分）Mr.Jacksonwasourscienceteacher.Onthefirstdayofclass,hegaveusatalkaboutananimalcalledwampus.HetoldusthatthewampuslivedonearthmillionsofyearsagoduringtheIceAgeanddiedoutbecauseofthechangeofclimate(气候).Wealllistenedcarefullyandtook____16____ofeverythinghesaid.Laterwehadatest.Whentheexampaperwas___17___tome,Iwassurprisedandsad.Therewasabigred“×”througheachofmyanswers.Ifailed.Buthowcome?Anywayonthetestpaper,Ihad___18____whatMr.Jacksonsaidinclass.ThenIrealizedthatnoonepassedtheexamatall.Whathadhappened?“Verysimple.”Mr.Jacksonexplained.“Ihadmadeupallthatstoryaboutthewampus.Therehadneverbeenanysuchanimal,sotheinformationinyournoteswasnotcorrect.Doyouexpecttoget___19__marksforincorrectanswers?”Hearingthis,wefeltithardtounderstandsowewere___20____.Whatkindoftestwasthis?Whatkindofteacherwashe?Howcouldwebelievehegaveussomuchinformationaboutananimalthathadnotbeenthereatall?Howwasitpossibleforusstudentsto_____21___whattheteachertaughtus?“Thezerosonyourpaperswillbe_____22____inyourgradebooks,”hesaid.Andhedidit.Throughthisexperience,Mr.Jacksonhopedthatwewouldlearnsomething.Teachersandbooksarenotalways____23_____.Infact,nooneis.Hetoldusnottoletourmindgotosleep.Instead,weshouldkeepthinkingallthetimeandspeakupifwethinkthereare___24____inourteachers’wordsorinbooks.Weshoulddevelopthehabitofdoubting,andtheabilitytodecidebyourselves.Whataspecial____25___hegaveus!Iwillalwaysrememberit.16.A.books B.notes C.supports D.messages17.A.returned B.directed C.added D.arrived18.A.cutdown B.turneddown C.brokendown D.writtendown19.A.useful B.high C.exact D.low20.A.polite B.glad C.excited D.angry21.A.praise B.guard C.doubt D.reflect22.A.recorded B.described C.collected D.circled23.A.interesting B.right C.active D.silent24.A.decisions B.reasons C.points D.mistakes25.A.call B.promise C.honour D.lesson三、阅读（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanyclassical(古典的)culturesinChina.Allofthemhaveaverylonghistory.Hereweintroducefourofthem.ChineseHandwritingChinesehandwritingisaspecialarttoAsiancultures.Brushhandwritingismuchlovedaroundtheworld.WangXizhiisveryfamousforhishandwriting.HemadeagreatdifferencetothedevelopmentofChinesehandwriting.ChineseFolkMusicChinesefolkmusichasalonghistory.ItisconnectedwithChineseancientstories.Oneoftheclassics,Shijing,includessomefolksongsin15differentareasfromtheWestZhouDynastytotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsincludeguqin,guzheng,pipa,erhu,xiaoandsoon.ChinesePaintingChinesepaintingisoneoftheoldesttraditionalpaintingformsintheworld.MostoftheChinesepaintingsinancientChinaweredoneonpaperorsilk.TraditionalChinesepaintingincludesmountainsandwater,figures(人物),flowersandbirds.Thepaintingsshowdifferentfeaturesduringthedifferenthistoricalperiods.WeiqiWeiqi,calledyiinancientChina,isasmartboardgamebetweentwoplayerswithahistoryofover3,000years.Thegamecanbetreatedasthebeginningofallancientchessgames.26．The________isatraditionalChineseinstrument.A．guitar B．violin C．erhu27．Weiqiisaboardgameplayedby________.A．onlyoneplayerB．twoplayersC．threeplayers 28．Chineseclassicalcultures________.A．havealonghistory B．arepopularonlyinChinaC．arenotwelcomedbythehigherclasses B①Theword“zhiyin”,whichmeansclosefriends,comesfromthestoryofYuBoyaandZhongZiqiintheWarringStatesPeriod.②Boyawasgoodatplayingtheguqin.Oneday,hewasplayingmusiconhiswayhomeontheboat.ToBoya’ssurprise,Ziqi,awoodcutterwhohappenedtopassby,couldunderstandexactlywhathewantedtoexpressthroughhismusic.Afteralongtalk,theybecamegoodfriends.SinceBoyahadtoreturntohisstate,theyagreedtomeetagaininthefollowingyear.③Unfortunately,whengettingbacktovisitZiqi,Boyaheardthathisfriendhaddiedfromadisease（疾病）.BoyawassosadandinfrontofZiqi’stomb（墓）,heplayedagainthemusichehadplayedwhentheyfirstmet.Thefeelingofthemusicwassostrongthatitwasasiftheriversandthemountainswerecrying.Whenfinishingplaying,Boyabrokehisguqinintopieces.Fromthenon,Boyaneverplayedagain.④PeopleintheSongDynastybuilttheGuqinTaiinHanyangtothememoryofthedeepfriendshipbetweenBoyaandZiqi.Itbecameanimportantpartofthelocalculture.⑤Zhiyinculturehasnewdevelopmentinthenewperiod.ThefamousancientChineseclassical（古典的）musicpieceGaoshanLiushuiwasperformedduringtheG20SummitinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvincein2016.ThemusicalperformancenotonlyshowedthebeautyoftraditionalChineseculture,butalsoexpressedChina’swillingnesstodevelopitsfriendshipwithpeoplefromaroundtheworld.29．Fromparagraphs②-③,wecanknowthat_______.A．BoyaactuallyonlymetZiqionce B．BoyabrokehisdatewithZiqiatlastC．BoyaoftenplayedtheguqininmemoryofZiqi D．BoyaandZiqiwerebothgoodatplayingmusic30．Paragraph⑤ismainlyabout_______.A．thenewroleofzhiyinculture B．theimportanceofclassicalmusicC．thetraditionofGaoshanLiushui D．thefriendshipwithforeigncountries31．Whichofthefollowingcanbestshowthemainideaofthestory?A．Bothtogetherdobestofall. B．Atruefriendishardtofind.C．Oldfriendsandoldwinearebest. D．Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.32．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure（结构）ofthepassage?A． B． C． D．BChinahasacceptedwesternfashionandtechnologyasithasdevelopedtheseyears,butalotofyoungpeopleareturningtothepastfortheirclotheschoicesandputtingontraditional“hanfu”.Asthegovernmentencouragestherenaissance(复兴)oftraditionalculture,hunfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagers.Everyyear,wecanenjoydifferenthanfushowsaroundthecities.TheseshowsbringusbacktotheHandynasty(汉朝).Welearnmoreaboutthehistory,cultureandbeautyfromthem.Hanfuhasn’tbeeninthesamestylesincetheHandynasty.However,thiskindofclotheshassomethingincommon.Theyallhavelargesoftrobes(袍子),withsleevesthathangdowntotheknees,sothehandscan’tbeseen.InmodernChina,thehanfuloversarefromhistoryfans,cartoonfanstoclothesfans.“Clothesarethebasicpartofculture,soboththetraditionalclothesandmodernclothesplaythesameroleinculture,”saidZhangJun,afamousreporter.“Ifthepeopleandthecountrydonotevenunderstandourtraditionalclothesordon’twearthem,howcanwetalkaboutotherimportantpartsofourculture?”33.Hanfuisgettingmoreandmorepopularwiththeteenagersbecause________.A.Chinahasacceptedwesternfashion B.ChinahasacceptedwesterntechnologyC.Chinahasdifferenthanfushows D.thegovernmentencouragestraditionalculture34.WhoarehanfuloversinChinanowadays?A.Historyfans, B.Cartoonfans. C.Clothesfans. D.Alloftheabove.35.AccordingtoZhungJun,hethinks________.A.clothesarenotthepartofculture B.it’snotnecessaryforustowearhanfuC.clotheshelpusunderstandourculturebetter D.hanfuisn’tsoimportantasmodernclothes36.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HanfuandChineseculture. B.ThehistoryofHanfu.C.ThestylesofHanfu. D.Differenthanfushows.DHumanssharetheearthwithdifferentkindsofwildlife.Humans,plantsandanimalsareconnectedanddependoneachother.Theyareallimportantpartsoftherichbiodiversity(生物多样性)oftheearth.However,manykindsofplantsoranimalsarebecomingendangeredoverthepastyearsbecauseofclimate(气候)changeandhumanactivities.Humansareoneofthemainreasonsforthis.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNationsin2019,theworld’spopulationhasdoubled(from3.7to7.6billion)inthepast50years.Humanshaveusedmorethanonethirdoftheworld’slandand75percentoffreshwater.Besides,somehumanactivitieslikecuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversalsodoharmtotheenvironment.Asaresult,therearefewerhabitats(栖息地)andnaturalresources(资源)availableforanimals,aswellasmorepollution.Todealwiththeproblem,manycountrieshavetakenaction.Asoneofthecountrieswiththerichestbiodiversityintheworld,Chinahastakenanactivepartinbiodiversityprotection.TheChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedlawstoprotectwildlifeandsetupabiodiversitymonitoring(监测)network.Ithasalsobuiltnaturereserves(保护区)withnationalparks.FromJanuary1,2019,thefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotectionwasdevelopedinYunnanprovince.YunnanliesinthemountainsareaofSouthwestChinaanditistheareawiththerichestbiodiversityinChinaanditisalsothemostsuccessfulareainChina’sbiodiversityprotection.Forthisreason,in2021,COP15washeldinKunmingandwasagreatsuccess.BiodiversityprotectionrequireseffortsfromthewholeworldandChinaisnowplayingaleadingroleinprotectingbiodiversity,hopingtobuildagreenhomeforbothhumansandnature.36.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1aboutthebiodiversityoftheearth?A.Humansliveontheearthandowntheearth.B.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenhumans,plantsandanimals.C.Humans,plantsandanimalsareallimportantpartsofbiodiversity.D.Thebiodiversityoftheearthismainlyinfluencedbyclimatechange.37.Whatcausedthefewerhabitatsandnaturalresourcesforanimals?A.Climatechange. B.Shortforfreshwater.C.Environmentpollution. D.Doubledpopulationandhumanactivities.38.WhatdidChinesegovernmentdotoprotectthebiodiversityoftheearthEXCEPT?A.Developlaws. B.Setupmonitoringnetwork.C.Buildnaturereserves. D.Plantreesandsavefreshwater.39.WhywasYunnanchosentoholdCOP15?A.BecauseitliesinthemountainsareaofsouthwestChina.B.Becauseitdevelopedthefirstlocallawaboutbiodiversityprotection.C.BecauseithastherichestbiodiversityinChinaanddoeswellinbiodiversityprotection.D.Becauseithasbuiltnaturereserveswithnationalpark.40.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Chinaisworkingontheprotectionofbiodiversity.B.Helpsavetheendangeredanimals.C.China’snaturereserveswithnationalparks.D.Humanactivitiesdoharmtothebiodiversityoftheearth.第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据短文内容，将下面A---E五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使得补全后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。WhenyoutravelinChengdu,nevermissthewonderfulface-changingatthelocalteahouses.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthistraditionalskill?Let’slearnsomethingaboutit.____41____Anditisalsoaverylivelywaytoshowthethoughtsandfeelingsofdifferentcharactersoftheplay.Itiswidelybelievedthattheskillofface-changingcoulddatebacktoancienttimes.Toscareawaythedangerousanimalsandprotectthemselves,theancientpeoplepaintedtheirfacesindifferentcolors,makingthemselveslookfierce(凶猛的).____42____Generallyspeaking,therearethreekindsofskillsofface-changing,includingwiping(擦)theface,blowingthefaceandpullingtheface.____43____Beforeperformingtheskillofwipingtheface,theactorwillfirstspreadsomespecialpaintontheface.Thenhecouldchangethecolorofhisfaceinasecondbywipingit.Whentheactorsperformtheskillofblowingtheface,heblowsasmallboxfullofcosmeticpowders(化妆粉)whichisplacedonthestage.Andthenthepowdersareblowntohisface,changingthecolorintoanother.____44____Underthecoverofthedancingmovements,theactorpullseachpieceofthefacialmakeupswhichistiedwithathinthread(线).Theactormustdothemovementscarefullyandveryquickly.____45____ThiswashislatestGuinnessWorldrecord.Inaword,theskilloffacechangingisveryunique(独特的)andamazingintheartsofSichuanOpera.Doyoulikethistraditionalskill?A.Later,itdevelopedintoafamousartform.B.Theskillpullingthefaceismoredifficult.C.SichuanOperamasterPengDenghuaichanged14masksin25seconds.D.Face-changingisauniqueskillwhichiswidelyusedinSichuanOpera.E.Besides,breathingisanotherskillofface-changing,butfewpeopleknowit.第2卷非选择题（共30分）短文填空（5分）Noonewantstolose.Weenjoythefeelingofbeingaw____46____.Butwealsoneedtolearnfromtheunsuccessfulexperiences.Duringthesportsmonthatourschool,alloftheclassesinGrade8playedvolleyballagainsteachother.Afterlosingoneofourgames,nooneinourclassfeltp____47____.Itwaslikebig,blackcloudshangingovertheclassroom.Someofusevenc____48____sadly.Iaskedmyself,“Howdidweletthishappen?”Theanswerwasclear.Ourplayerspractisedalot.Butduringthepracticetime,wedidn’tfindouttherightwaytodobetteru____49____thetwodaysbeforethesportsmonth.Iguessedthewaywepractiseddidn’thelpuswin.Soitmeantthatourpracticetimewaswasted.Also,weweretoonervoustofacethechallengefromtheotherteamwhilewewereplaying.Laterinthegame,wemadealotofmistakes.Thatwaswhywelostsomanypointsinthesecondround.Lifeisfullofunexpectedfailures.Sometimes,wearefightingwithourselves.Becauseofourwork,wewillwin.Andbecauseofourfaults,wewilllose.Weshouldfacethefactstofindoutwhywehavefailedbutitisuselesstofindane____50____forourfailure.So,justkeepgoingandtryingourbest,inarightway.第二节完成句子(5小题，共10分)51.你先完成作业再出去是明智的。________________________________youtofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougooutside.52.我们应该永远铭记中国的历史。TheChinesehistory________________________