八年级下学期期末测试卷 （B卷·提升能力）解析版

【牛津（广州，深圳，沈阳）版】八年级下学期期末测试卷（B卷·提升能力）学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________考号：___________温馨提示：本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为90分，考试时间为100分钟。第Ⅰ卷选择题一、语法选择（15分）Nowadaysmanypeoplegetused___1___things,especiallyyoungpeople.Intheschool,wastecan___2___everywhere.Somestudentsaskfor___3___foodthantheycaneatandothersoftenforgettoturnoffthelights___4___theyleavetheclassroom.Wastecanbringalotofproblems.Someone___5___Chinaisrichinsomeresources,suchascoal,oil,treesandsoon.Somepeopleevensay“___6___richourcountryis!”Butactuallywe____7____nocoaloroiltouseinonehundredyearsifwegoonwasting.Wereallyfeel___8___aboutwhatwecanuseinthefuture.Wecan’timaginehowwecangoon___9___withoutthisresources.Thinkaboutit___10___.Ithinkweshould___11___notothestudentswhowastethingseveryday.Inourdailylife,wecandothingstostopwaste___12___happening.Forexample,weshouldturnofftapsafterusingit.Don’tthrowtheusedpaper___13___wecanrecycleit.Let’sstartoutsmallfromnowon.Littlebylittleeverythingwillbechanged.Wastecanbestoppedonedayifwedo___14___best.Thenaturewillbemoreharmoniousandourcountrywillbecome___15___.1.A.waste B.wasting C.towaste D.towasting2.A.beseeing B.areseen C.see D.beseen3.A.more B.many C.much D.most4.A.after B.before C.since D.whether5.A.say B.besaid C.says D.issaying6.A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata7.A.have B.has C.had D.willhave8.A.worry B.worries C.worried D.worriedly9.A.live B.lives C.lived D.living10.A.care B.carefulness C.carefully D.careful11.A.say B.tosaying C.tosay D.saying12.A.in B.from C.on D.of13.A.because B.although C.until D.if14.A.we B.us C.our D.ours15.A.beautiful B.mostbeautifulC.morebeautiful D.themorebeautiful【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B5.C6.A7.D8.C9.D10.C11.A12.B13.A14.C15.C【解析】本文介绍了如今广泛的浪费现象。部分人认为中国的资源是很丰富的，所以肆无忌惮地使用而不节约。作者呼吁我们要停止浪费，节约资源，保护环境。1.句意：现在很多人习惯浪费东西，尤其是年轻人。waste动词原形；wasting动名词/现在分词；towaste动词不定式；towasting介词+动名词。getusedtodoingsth.“习惯做某事”，此处用towasting。故选D。2.句意：在学校里，浪费随处可见。beseeing现在进行时；areseen一般现在时的被动语态；see动词原形；beseen表被动。根据“wastecan...everywhere.”可知，浪费随处可见，是含有情态动词的被动语态。故选D。3.句意：一些学生要求比他们能吃的更多的食物，其他人离开教室前经常忘记关灯。more更多；many许多；much许多；most大多数。此处介绍浪费现象，根据“Somestudentsaskfor...foodthantheycaneat”可知，是要求比他们能吃的更多的食物。故选A。4.句意：一些学生要求比他们能吃的更多的食物，其他人离开教室前经常忘记关灯。after在……之后；before在……之前；since自从；whether是否。根据“toturnoffthelights...theyleavetheclassroom”结合常识可知离开教室前要关灯。故选B。5.句意：有人说中国有丰富的资源，如煤炭、石油、树木等。say动词原形；besaid表被动；says动词三单；issaying现在进行时。时态是一般现在时，主语是Someone，动词用三单。故选C。6.句意：他们甚至说：“我们的国家多么富有啊！”How在感叹句中修饰形容词/副词；Howa表述错误；What在感叹句中修饰不可数名词或名词复数；Whata在感叹句中修饰可数名词单数。此处修饰的中心词是形容词rich，用“How+adj+主谓!”句型表示。故选A。7.句意：但实际上，如果我们继续浪费，100年后我们将没有煤或石油可用。have动词原形；has动词三单；had动词过去式；willhave一般将来时。根据“in100years”可知，时态是一般将来时。故选D。8.句意：我们真的很担心我们将来能用到什么。worry动词原形；worries动词三单；worried动词过去式/形容词；worriedly副词。此处用在系动词feel后，用形容词作表语。故选C。9.句意：我们无法想象没有这些资源我们将如何生活下去。live动词原形；lives动词三单；lived动词过去式/过去分词；living动名词/现在分词。goondoingsth.“继续做某事”，空处用动名词作表语。故选D。10.句意：仔细考虑一下。care动词/名词；carefulness名词；carefully副词；careful形容词。此处在句中修饰动词短语Thinkabout，用副词形式。故选C。11.句意：我认为我们应该对每天浪费东西的学生说不。say动词原形；tosaying介词+动名词；tosay动词不定式；saying动名词/现在分词。情态动词should后接动词原形。故选A。12.句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们可以做一些事情来阻止浪费的发生。in在……里面；from从；on在……上面；of……的。stop...fromdoing“防止……”，固定搭配。故选B。13.句意：不要扔掉用过的纸，因为我们可以回收它。because因为；although虽然；until直到；if如果。“wecanrecycleit”是“Don’tthrowtheusedpaper”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。14.句意：如果我们尽最大努力，总有一天浪费可以停止。we我们，人称代词主格；us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。doone’sbest“尽某人最大的努力”，用形容词性物主代词our。故选C。15.句意：自然会更加和谐，我们的国家会变得更加美丽。beautiful形容词原级；mostbeautiful形容词最高级；morebeautiful形容词比较级；themorebeautiful定冠词the+形容词比较级。根据“moreharmonious”可知，此处用形容词比较级，且前不加the。故选C。二、完形填空（10分）ItwasacoldwindywinterdayandIwaswalkinghomefromwork.MyheadpointeddownagainstthesnowwhenInoticedanoldlady.Shewas___16___onthesidewalkinherhouseslippers(拖鞋).AsI___17__her,Isawthatshewaswellintoher80s,andshewasholdingsome___18___inherhands.Iwalkedonandarrivedatthetrafficlight.Waitingthere,Isawthemailboxacrossthestreet.Thelightturnedgreen,butIpretended(假装)tocheckmyphoneandwaitedforhertocatchupwithme.Inthisneighborhood,evencrossingwiththegreenlightwas___19___.Driversoftendrove___20___throughredlightsandstopsigns.Istayedthereuntilshereachedme.Iturnedtoherandtouchedhergentlyonthearm.Shesmiledandtookmyhandinhersand___21___it.Hersmallhandwassoftandwarm.Hand-in-hand,wewerewaitingforthe___22___tochange.Whenthelightturnedgreen,wewalkedtogetherslowlyacrossthestreet,droppedthelettersinthemailbox.ThenItookher___23___acrossthestreet.AsIwalkedtherestofthewayhome,Icouldstillfeelthe___24___ofherhandinmyown.Peoplesaythefirstlanguageofallhumansis___25___.Acaringtouchhelpstomakeabadsituationhopeful.Andevennow,everytimeIthinkoftheoldlady.Icanstillfeelthepoweroftouch.16.A.begging B.walking C.running D.riding17.A.knew B.expected C.missed D.passed18.A.letters B.pictures C.books D.flowers19.A.strange B.crazy C.dangerous D.safe20.A.carefully B.quietly C.wildly D.calmly21.A.pushed B.pulled C.hit D.held22.A.way B.light C.ride D.traffic23.A.forward B.back C.away D.ahead24.A.warmth B.trust C.care D.love25.A.help B.kindness C.touch D.action【答案】BDACCDBBAC【解析】本文讲述了在一个又冷又有风的冬天，作者正走在下班的路上，看到一个80多岁的老太太，手里拿着信要到街对面去寄。由于过马路比较危险，作者牵着老太太的手一起等红灯变绿，然后又护送她回到马路对面，在回来的路上，作者仍能感觉他手上老太太手上的余温。有人说人类第一种语言是触碰，一个关怀的触碰能使糟糕的境地变得有希望。16.句意：她穿着拖鞋走在人行道上。begging乞求；walking散步，走；running跑；riding骑。根据“Shewas…onthesidewalkinherhouseslippers”可知，此处表示她走在路上，故选B。17.句意：当我从她身边经过时，我看到她已经八十多岁了，手里还拿着一些信。knew知道；expected期待；missed想念；passed通过。根据“AsI…her,Isawthatshewaswellintoher80s”可知，经过这位老人时，看到她已经八十多岁了，故选D。18.句意：当我从她身边经过时，我看到她已经八十多岁了，手里还拿着一些信。letters信；pictures图画；books书；flowers花。根据后文的“droppedthelettersinthemailbox”可知，此处表示她手里拿着一些信，故选A。19.句意：在这一带，即使绿灯亮着，过马路很危险。strange奇怪的；crazy疯狂的；dangerous危险的；safe安全的。根据后一句的“Driversoftendrove…throughredlightsandstopsigns.”可知，在这一带，司机经常疯狂地闯红灯，因此行人在这里行走是非常危险的，故选C。20.句意：司机经常闯红灯。carefully仔细地；quietly安静地；wildly野蛮地；calmly冷静地。根据“Driversoftendrove…throughredlights”可知，司机野蛮地闯红灯，故选C。21.句意：她微笑着把我的手握在她的手里。pushed推；pulled拉；hit袭击；held握着。根据“Shesmiledandtookmyhandinhers”可知，她握着作者的手，故选D。22.句意：我们手牵手，等着灯改变。way方法；light灯；ride骑；traffic交通。根据后文的“Whenthelightturnedgreen,”可知，此处表示等着交通灯改变，故选B。23.句意：然后我带她回街对面。forward向前；back向后；away离开；ahead在前面。作者带着这个老人去寄信，然后又带着老人回到街对面，故选B。24.句意：当我走完剩下回家的路，在我自己的手里我仍然可以感觉到她的手的温暖。warmth温暖；trust信任；care在乎；love喜爱。根据前文的“Hersmallhandwassoftandwarm.”可知，此处表示她的手的温暖，故选A。25.句意：人们说触摸是人类的第一语言。help帮助；kindness善良；touch触摸；action行动。根据后文的“Acaringtouchhelpstomakeabadsituation…”可知，此处表示触摸。故选C。三、阅读（共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsweremorethanasportingevent.Theywerealsoashowcase(展示)forscienceandtechnology.Let’slookatsome.AlotofdifferentkindsofrobotsservedvisitorsandathletesduringtheOlympics.SomemachineswereusedtoenforcesocialdistancingrequirementsrelatedtoCOVID-19.Robotscouldalsotransportequipment,cleansurfaces,prepareandcarryfoodtolimithuman-to-humancontact.TheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalissaidtohave“thefastestice”because12newOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere.Thesecretisanewice-makingtechnology.Liquidcarbondioxide(液态二氧化碳)isputundertheicetokeeptemperaturechangesontheicesurfacewithinhalfadegree.Thatkeepstheiceflat.Flaticeiseasiertoskateon.Duringthespeedskatingrace,athletescanreachspeedsofupto18meterspersecond.Tocapture(捕捉)everyexcitingmomentofthecompetition,LieBaowasusedfortheevent.LieBaocanrecordspeedsofupto25meterspersecond.Itcloselytracks(跟踪)theathletes’movementsandcapturesvariousscenesduringspeedskating.GuAilinggotahistoricgoldmedalattheBeijingWinterOlympicsinthewomen’sfreestyleskiingBigAironFeb8.Shewon1withherfirst1620—fourandahalffullrotations(旋转)whichhavebeenpresentedtopeopleinthewayofa“timeslice”.Thesystemshowstheathletes’movementsfromtakeofftolandinginoneframe(画面).26.LieBaowasusedduring________．Atheicehockeymatch B.theskijumpingeventC.thespeedskatingrace D.thefreestyleskiingevent27.________canshowthegamefromthebeginningtotheendinoneframe.A.Therobot B.ThefastesticeC.Thehigh-speedcamera D.Thetimeslice28.Thenewice-makingtechnologyisto________．A.keeptheiceflatB.limithuman-to-humancontactC.captureeveryexcitingmomentofthecompetitionD.keeptheiceatthesametemperature【答案】26.C27.D28.A【解析】本文主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会对科学和技术的展示。26.细节理解题。根据“LieBaocanrecordspeedsofupto25meterspersecond.Itcloselytrackstheathletes’movementsandcapturesvarlousscenesduringspeedskating.”可知猎豹被用在速滑比赛期间。故选C。27.细节理解题。根据“whichhavebeenpresentedtopeopleinthewayofa‘timeslice’.Thesystemshowstheathletes’movementsfromtakeofftolandinginoneframe.”可知时间片段能够在一个画面中从头到尾展示比赛。故选D。28.细节理解题。根据“Thesecretisanewice-makingtechnology....Thatkeepstheiceflat.”可知新的制冰技术能使冰保持平坦。故选A。BOnceuponatime,therewasalittleboycalledMengKe.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasjustababy,sohelivedalonewithhismother,Mengmu.Atfirst,theylivednexttoagraveyard（墓地）.Thegraveyardenveloped（笼罩）theold,weather-worntombs（坟墓）.ButforMengKe,hehadalotoffunasheimitated（模仿）otherpeoplevisitingthegraveyarddiggingtombs,mourningthedeadandscattering（散发）papermoneyontheground.Mengmusawthisandthoughttoherself,“No,thisisnottheplacetoraisemychild.”Sothenextday,shepackedthebagsandleftthegraveyardwithMengKe.Theymovedtoahousenexttoanoisymarket.Everydaymanyvendors（商贩）shoutedaroundtotrytoattractcustomers.MengKesawthisandenjoyedhimselfbyactinglikeavendor.ButMengmuwasterrifiedbythesightandtoldherself,“No,thisisdefinitelynottheproperplacetoraisemychild,either.”SoshepackeduptheirbelongingsatonceandtookMengKeawayfromthemarket.Atlast,theysettleddownbesideaschool.Everyday,MengKeobservedthepupils.Heimitated（模仿）theirpolitemanners.Hesawthestudentsreadingbooksandhedidsoaswell.Soonhedevelopedagreatinterestinknowledge.Mengmuwashappytoseethisanddecidedthattheschoolwastheeducationalenvironmentshehadbeenlookingforallalong.SoMengKeandhismotherlivedthereforyears,andMengKegrewuptobeawell-mannered,knowledgeableandwiseman,andtodayweallknowhimasMencius.Withouthismothergoingoutofherwaytofindagoodenvironmentforhim,MengKewouldn’thavebeenabletobecomeoneofthegreatestideologists（哲学家）ofalltimes.Thisstorynotonlytellsustheimportanceofaproperlearningenvironment,butalsoshowstheselflessloveofparentstowardstheirchildren.29.WheredidMengKeliveatthefirsttime_________.A.Nearthemarket. B.Besidetheschool.C.Nearthegraveyard. D.Farfromthegraveyard.30.WhatdidMengKedowhentheylivednearthemarket?A.Heimitatedpeoplediggingthetombs.B.Heshoutedloudlytoattractthecustomers.C.Hereadbooksandimitatedtheirpolitemanners.D.Hehelpedhismothertodohousework.31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.MengMuwasnotsatisfiedwiththegraveyardbecauseit’snotgoodforMengKe.B.MengKehadfunlivinginthenoisymarketbecausehecouldactlikeavendor.C.MengMumovedtodifferentplacesbecauseshewantedtofindaplacetoraiseMengKe.D.MengKecouldbecomeagreatestideologistsbecausehehadfoundagoodenvironment.32.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.三顾茅庐 B.孟母三迁 C.三思而后行 D.三人成虎【答案】CBDB【解析】本文通过“孟母三迁”的故事告诉我们环境对人的重要影响和父母对孩子无私的爱。29.细节理解题。根据“Atfirst,theylivednexttoagraveyard（墓地）.”可知，一开始孟轲住在墓地附近。故选C。30.细节理解题。根据“Everydaymanyvendors（商贩）shoutedaroundtotrytoattractcustomers.MengKesawthisandenjoyedhimselfbyactinglikeavendor.”可知，孟轲住在集市附近时会像商贩一样大声吆喝吸引顾客。故选B。31.推理判断题。根据“Withouthismothergoingoutofherwaytofindagoodenvironmentforhim,MengKewouldn’thavebeenabletobecomeoneofthegreatestideologists（哲学家）ofalltimes.”可知，孟轲能成为伟大的哲学家是因为他的母亲为他找到了好的成长环境，D项说孟轲自己找到了好的环境，表述错误。故选D。32.标题归纳题。根据故事情节可知，本文是中国传统故事“孟母三迁”。故选B。CDuringtheSongDynasty,therewasafamousartistnamedWenTong.Hewasknownforhispaintingsofbamboo.Heplantedonlybambooinhisgardeneveninsidehishouse.Hispaintingsweresogoodthattheyalmostlookedreal!NooneelsecoulddrawbamboolikeWenTongdid.Onedayinspring,astormmovedintothevillage.WenTongrushedoutsidetohisbamboogardenwheneveryonestayedinside.Hewantedtoseehowtherainbouncedoff(弹起)thebamboo.Thisway,hecouldseewhatwateronbambooleaveslookedlike.Sure,hegotverywet.Onedayinsummer,thesunwashighintheskyandtheairwashot.WenTongwasoutsideinhisbamboogardenwhenmostpeoplestayedcoolathome.Hewantedtoseethebambooclearlyinthestrongsunlight.Thisway,hecouldseeeverydetailofeveryleaf.Sure,hegotsupersweaty.Onedayinfall,itgotverywindy.WenTongwentoutsidetohisbamboogarden.Hewantedtoseethebambooleavesswayinginthewind.Thisway,hecouldseehowthebamboomoved.Sure,healmostfelloveracoupleoftimes.Onedayinwinter,itstartedtosnow.Whenalltheothervillagerswereinsidehomestayingwarm,WenTongwasoutsideinhisbamboogarden.Thisway,hecouldseehowtheicesatontheleaves.Sure,hewasvery,verycold.Aftermanydaysjustlikethese,hememorizedalltherewastoknowaboutbamboo.Sowhenitwastimetopaint,herememberedeverythinghehadseen.Heknewthebamboosowellthatoneofhisfriendssaid,“WhenWenTongdrawsbamboo,hehasitsimageinhismind.”InmodernChinese,youcansaythatsomeonehasanimageofbambooinhisorhermind.Thismeansthatthepersonplansahead,justlikeWenTongplannedaheadbyalwaysgoingoutsidetostudyhisbamboo.Althoughitwasahardtimeforhim,studyinghardmeantthathecouldlatercreateamazingpaintings.33.WhatwouldWenTongseeifastormmovedintohisvillage?A.Hecouldseehowtherainbouncedoffthebamboo.B.Hecouldseebambooclearlyinthestrongsunlight.C.Hecouldseehowthebambooleavesmoved.D.Hecouldseehowtheicesatontheleaves.34.WhencouldWenTongseeeverydetailofeveryleaf?A.Inspring. B.Insummer. C.Infall. D.Inwinter.35.WhatdoyouthinkofWenTong?A.Self-centered. B.Easy-going. C.Open-minded. D.Hard-working.36.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Heworkedhardtoimprovehismemory.B.Hewasfamousbecausehegrewbamboowell.C.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadabeautifulbamboogarden.D.Hisspiritofnevergiveuphelpedhimpaintbamboobestatthattime.【答案】33.A34.B35.D36.D【解析】本文介绍了为什么文同画的竹子非常逼真。33.Onedayinspring,astormmovedintothevillage.WenTongrushedoutsidetohisbamboogardenwheneveryonestayedinside.Hewantedtoseehowtherainbouncedoff(弹起)thebamboo.Thisway,hecouldseewhatwateronbambooleaveslookedlike.”可知，暴风雨袭击村庄时，文同冲到竹园里去看雨水是如何从竹子上弹开的，这样他就能看到竹叶上的水是什么样子。故选A。34.细节理解题。根据“Onedayinsummer...Thisway,hecouldseeeverydetailofeveryleaf.”可知，夏天文同能看到每一片叶子的每一个细节。故选B。35.推理判断题。根据“WenTongrushedoutsidetohisbamboogardenwheneveryonestayedinside.”，“WenTongwasoutsideinhisbamboogardenwhenmostpeoplestayedcoolathome.”，“Onedayinfall,itgotverywindy.WenTongwentoutsidetohisbamboogarden.”，“Whenalltheothervillagerswereinsidehomestayingwarm,WenTongwasoutsideinhisbamboogarden.”和“Althoughitwasahardtimeforhim,studyinghardmeantthathecouldlatercreateamazingpaintings.”可知，文同是一个非常刻苦的人，故选D。36.推理判断题。根据“Althoughitwasahardtimeforhim,studyinghardmeantthathecouldlatercreateamazingpaintings.”可知，虽然那段时间对他来说很艰难，但努力学习意味着他以后可以创作出令人惊叹的画作。故选D。DWhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim,ashisparentsalwayshadhimdosomehouseworkordosomepart-timejobs.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodfriends.Hehadabettercareer,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudy.Researchersfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhoworkedwhentheywereyoungenjoyedhappierandmoresuccessfullivesthanthosewhodidnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereusefulmembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理学家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem,too.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesalltheseyears.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andtheabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenoncedidasyoungboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswasverysharp.Thosewhodidthemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithotherpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclass(社会和经济阶层)madenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working-atanyage-isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence-thebasis(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustworkwithotherstowardscommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoryoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”37.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutJohn?A.Helikeddoingpart-timejobs. B.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily. D.Hehadfewfriendswhenhewasachild.38.AccordingtoVaillant,whycouldJohnbebetteroffthanthischildhoodfriends?A.Becausehedidpart-timejobsafterwork.B.Becausehefeltproudofhimselfwhenworking.C.Becausehisworkingexperienceinhischildhoodwasofhelp.D.Becausehewashappierthanhisfriendswhentheywereyoung.39.HowdidVaillantandhisteamgetthefindingsoftheresearch?A.Bycomparingdifferentsetsofscores. B.Bycheckingthemen’smentalhealth.C.Byrecordingtheboy’seffortinschool. D.Bytestingthemen’sproblem-solvingability.40.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellusthat___________.A.IQplaysanimportantroleinpeople’sdevelopmentB.socialandeconomicclassdecideshowourcareergoesC.onlyworkingatayoungageisimportanttoouradultlifeD.theabilityofworkingwithotherstowardsgoalsisveryimportant【答案】BCAD【解析】本文是一篇说明文。短文从一个从小做家务的小男孩得出结论，孩童时期的工作可以帮助孩子培养责任心、独立精神、自信和能力，使他们成年后对工作更满意，婚姻更美满，身体更健康。37.细节理解题。根据文中“ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodfriends.Hehadabettercareer,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.”可知，John很喜欢自己的事业和婚姻。故选B。38.推理判断题。根据文中“Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence-thebasis(基础)ofemotionalhealth.”可推理出，根据Vaillant的说法，John会比童年的朋友过得更好是因为他童年的工作经历对他很有帮助。故选C。39.细节理解题。根据文中“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.”可知，Vaillant和他的团队通过比较不同的分数组合获得研究结果。故选A。40.推理判断题。根据文中“Working-atanyage-isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence-thebasis(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustworkwithotherstowardscommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.”可推理出，这篇文章的目的是告诉我们，与他人合作实现目标的能力非常重要。故选D。第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据短文内容，将下面A---E五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使得补全后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。Readingisveryimportant.WorldBookDayfallsonApril23everyyear.___41___Itisalsothedaytohonorgreatwriters.___42___Onthatday,millionsofschoolchildrencanbuybooksatamuchlowerpricethanusualinanybookstoreinEngland.Ithasbeendoneeveryyearsince1998.WorldBookDayisalsocelebratedinChina.TheyoungpeopleareencouragedtoreadmorebooksandlotsofreadingcornersarebuiltinChina.Japaneseregardthedayasoneofthemostimportantdays.InJapan,youcanseepeoplereadingalmosteverywhere.___43___Readinghelpsustofollowthelatestdevelopmentsofscienceandtechnology.Readinggivesusinformationaboutotherculturesandplacesintheworld.ReadingisalsooneofthemostimportantwaystolearnaforeignlanguagelikeEnglish.___44___Books,magazines,andotherkindsofreadingmaterialscanhelpustoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.Asthesayinggoes,“Bookscannotchangetheworld,butpeoplecanchangetheworldbychangingthemselvesthroughreading”.___45___A.ManycountriescelebrateWorldBookDay.B.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustospendtimereadingeveryday.C.Forexample,thewaysEnglishpeoplearelivingandworkingtodaycan’tbelearntintheclassroom,butitcanbelearntbyreading.D.Readinghelpsusbecomemoreknowledgeableandsmarter.E.Itencouragespeople,especiallyteenagers,todiscoverthepleasureofreading.【答案】41.E42.A43.D44.C45.B【解析】本文主要介绍了世界读书日以及阅读的好处。41.根据“WorldBookDayfallsonApril23everyyear”可知，空缺处应该是介绍世界读书日，选项E“它(世界读书日)鼓励人们，尤其是青少年，发现阅读的乐趣”最符合语境，故选E。42.根据“Onthatday,millionsofschoolchildrencanbuybooksatamuchlowerpricethanusualinanybookstoreinEngland.Ithasbeendoneeveryyearsince1998.WorldBookDayisalsocelebratedinChina”可知，空缺处应该与庆祝世界读书日的相关，选项F“许多国家庆祝世界读书日”最符合语境，故选F。43.根据“Readinghelpsustofollowthelatestdevelopmentsofscienceandtechnology”可知，空缺处应该与阅读的好处相关，选项D“阅读帮助我们变得更有知识，更聪明”最符合语境，故选D。44.根据“ReadingisalsooneofthemostimportantwaystolearnaforeignlanguagelikeEnglish”和“Books,magazines,andotherkindsofreadingmaterialscanhelpustoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld”可知，空缺处应该与学习英语的方式相关，选项C“例如，今天英国人的生活和工作方式不能在课堂上学习，但可以通过阅读来学习”最符合语境，故选C。45.根据“Bookscannotchangetheworld,butpeoplecanchangetheworldbychangingthemselvesthroughreading”可知，这里是讲阅读的必要性，选项B“因此，我们有必要每天花时间阅读”最符合语境，故选B。第2卷非选择题（共30分）短文填空（5分）Dogsareexcellentpets,friendlyandsmart.Mostdogsaregoodwithpeople.Somedogs,likewatchdogs,barkl___46_____towarnpeoplethatstrangersarecomingclose.Somebarktoe_____47_____theirfeelings,suchaslonelinessandhappiness.Manypeoplewonderhowtof____48____theirdogs.Infact,dogseatalmostanything!Theirm____49____includesmeat,rice,biscuits,andsoon.Don’tletyourdogeattoomuch.Alwaysleavewaterforyourdog.Itcangetthirstyveryquickly,especiallyinsummer.Rememberthatdogsneedexercise.Don’tkeepyourdoginsideallday.Itwillfeelb_____50____.Youshouldtakeitforadailywalktocheeritup.Remember,bigdogsneedlongerwalksthansmallones.【答案】42.(l)oudly43.(e)xpress44.(f)eed45.(m)eal##(m)enu46.(b)ored【解析】本文主要讲述狗是很好的宠物，友好又聪明，它们通过吠叫来警告人们有陌生人靠近。同时也会通过吠叫来表达自己的情感，也介绍了狗的食物有什么以及狗也需要锻炼。46.句意：有些狗，比如看门狗，会大声吠叫来警告人们陌生人正在靠近。根据下文“towarnpeoplethatstrangersarecomingclose”可知，此处是表示“大声吠叫”来提醒人们陌生人正在靠近，因此空处应填loudly，修饰动词bark。barkloudly意为“大声吠叫”。故填(l)oudly。47.句意：一些狗吠叫是为了表达它们的情感，比如孤独和幸福。根据“theirfeelings”可知，此处是指一些狗吠叫是为了“表达”它们的情感，express“表达；表露”，to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填(e)xpress。48.句意：许多人想知道如何喂狗。根据“Infact,dogseatalmostanything!”可知，上文是说想知道怎样“喂”狗。feed意为“喂养”，to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填(f)eed。49.句意：他们的饭包括肉、米饭、饼干等。根据下文“includesmeat,rice,biscuits,andsoon.”可知，空处应填“饭/菜单”；由“includes”可知，空处应填第三人称单数。故填(m)eal/(m)enu。50.句意：它将会感觉无聊。根据上文“Don’tkeepyourdoginsideallday.”可知，此处是说不要整天把你的狗关在里面，可推知，狗将会感觉“无聊”。bored意为“(对某人/某物)厌倦的，烦闷的”。故填(b)ored。第二节完成句子(5小题，共10分)51.握手是展示礼貌的好方法。________________________agoodwaytoshowyourpoliteness.【答案】Shakinghandsis52.可怜的小狗遇到了善良的女孩儿，得到了细心照顾。Thepoordogmetakindgirland________________________wellbyher.【答案】waslookedafter/caredfor53.我想知道如何阻止人们杀害动物。Iwonderhowto________people________________animals.【答案】stop/keep/fromkilling54.自从我离开，这里发生了很大的变化。________Imovedout,greatchanges