2026年上海市高考英语完形填空专题训练试卷

2026年上海市高考英语完形填空专题训练试卷每小题有四个选项，请选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.WhilereadingahistoricalnovelsetintheMingDynasty,astudentnoticesthattheprotagonistoftenrefersto"theGrandSecretariat"foradministrativematters.Thestudentunderstandsthistermprimarilyas______.A.thehighestmilitarycommandduringwartimeB.acouncilofstateadvisorsresponsiblefordraftingimperialdecreesC.alocaladministrativeofficeinprovincialcapitalsD.theprivatesecretariatoftheemperor’sinnercircle【答案】B【解析】本题考查历史背景知识。明代中国行政体系中的“内阁”即“GrandSecretariat”，是协助皇帝处理政务的核心机构，负责起草诏令、批答奏章等，符合B项描述。A项为“五军都督府”，C项为“布政使司”，D项为“司礼监”的部分职能，均与题干语境不符。该题涉及中国明代政治制度，需结合历史单元知识判断。2.Inapassageaboutglobalclimatechange,theauthormentionsthat"theArcticicecaphasbeenshrinkingatanalarmingrate."Thisobservationprimarilyrelatesto______.A.theElNiñophenomenoninthePacificOceanB.thegreenhouseeffectcausedbycarbonemissionsC.theimpactofsolaractivityonpolariceD.themigrationpatternsofarcticwildlife【答案】B【答案解析】本题考查环境科学知识。全球变暖导致的温室效应是北极冰盖融化的主要原因，符合B项。A项厄尔尼诺是热带太平洋气候现象，C项太阳活动影响较小，D项野生动物迁徙与冰盖面积无直接因果关系。该题需结合科学单元中“气候变化与人类活动”的知识点。3.AliterarycriticanalyzingShakespeare’sHamletnotesthattheprotagonist’ssoliloquy"Tobe,ornottobe"reflectsexistentialdilemmas.Whichphilosophicalconceptdoesthissoliloquymostcloselyalignwith?A.StoicismwithitsemphasisonrationalcontroloveremotionsB.ExistentialismwithitsfocusonindividualfreedomandmeaningC.RomanticismwithitscelebrationofemotionalintensityD.Utilitarianismwithitsfocusonconsequencesofactions【答案】B【解析】本题考查西方哲学流派。哈姆雷特的经典独白探讨了生与死的选择，体现了存在主义的核心思想——个体面对自由选择时的焦虑与意义追寻，符合B项。A项斯多葛学派强调理性克制，C项浪漫主义强调情感，D项功利主义关注行为后果，均与题干不符。该题需结合文学单元中“文艺复兴时期哲学”的知识。4.Achemistryexperimentinvolvesthereactionbetweenhydrochloricacidandsodiumbicarbonate.Theteacherasksstudentstopredictthemainproduct.Basedonchemicalprinciples,thecorrectansweris______.A.sodiumchloride,water,andoxygengasB.sodiumchloride,water,andcarbondioxidegasC.sodiumhydroxide,water,andcarbonmonoxideD.hydrochloricacidandsodiumcarbonate【答案】B【解析】本题考查化学反应方程式。碳酸氢钠与盐酸反应生成氯化钠、水和二氧化碳，化学方程式为：NaHCO₃+HCl→NaCl+H₂O+CO₂↑，符合B项。A项错误因未生成氧气，C项错误因无一氧化碳生成，D项错误因未发生复分解反应。该题需结合化学单元中“酸碱中和反应”的知识。5.InapassageaboutRenaissanceart,theauthordescribeshowLeonardodaVinci’sMonaLisauses"sfumato"tocreateasofttransitionbetweencolors.Thistechniqueprimarilyrelatesto______.A.theuseofchiaroscurotomodelthree-dimensionalformsB.theapplicationofperspectivetocreatedepthC.theblendingofcolorstoavoidsharpoutlinesD.theuseofgoldleaftoaddluminosity【答案】C【解析】本题考查艺术史术语。"Sfumato"（晕涂法）是达芬奇独创的绘画技法，通过模糊轮廓线使色彩过渡自然，符合C项。A项“明暗对照法”强调光影对比，B项“透视法”强调空间感，D项“金箔”用于装饰，均与题干不符。该题需结合美术单元中“文艺复兴艺术特点”的知识。6.Apassageineconomicsdiscusseshowacountry’stradesurpluscanaffectitscurrencyvalue.Theauthorsuggeststhatapersistentsurplusmayleadto______.A.depreciationofthedomesticcurrencyduetoincreaseddemandB.appreciationofthedomesticcurrencyduetoreducedforeignreservesC.inflationarypressureasimportsbecomemoreexpensiveD.deflationarypressureasexportsdecrease【答案】A【解析】本题考查国际贸易理论。贸易顺差意味着出口大于进口，导致国外对该国货币需求增加，从而推动货币升值。反之，国内货币供给相对减少，可能引发外币升值，即本币贬值，符合A项。B项与储备变化无关，C项通货膨胀与顺差无直接联系，D项出口减少属于逆差表现，均错误。该题需结合经济单元中“汇率与贸易平衡”的知识。7.Apassageinpsychologydescribesastudywhereparticipantsareaskedtosolvecomplexpuzzlesundertimepressure.Thestudy’sprimaryobjectiveistoinvestigate______.A.theroleofmotivationinlearningnewskillsB.theeffectsofstressoncognitiveperformanceC.thesignificanceofgroupcollaborationinproblem-solvingD.theimpactofsleepdeprivationonmemoryretention【答案】B【解析】本题考查心理学实验设计。题干描述的实验条件（限时）属于压力情境，研究其对认知能力的影响，符合B项。A项动机研究通常涉及奖励机制，C项小组合作研究需设置对照组，D项睡眠剥夺研究需控制睡眠时长，均与题干不符。该题需结合心理学单元中“压力与认知”的知识。8.Apassageinbiologyexplainshowphotosynthesisconvertslightenergyintochemicalenergy.Theprocessprimarilyinvolvesthetransformationof______.A.solarradiationintothermalenergyB.carbondioxideintooxygengasC.lightenergyintoATPandNADPHD.watermoleculesintohydrogenions【答案】C【解析】本题考查光合作用机制。光合作用的暗反应阶段通过ATP和NADPH将二氧化碳还原为糖类，这两个产物储存了光能，符合C项。A项太阳能转化为热能非光合作用直接目的，B项是光合作用产物而非能量转换，D项水分子分解为氢离子是电解过程，均错误。该题需结合生物单元中“光合作用过程”的知识。9.ApassageinhistorydescribesthefalloftheBerlinWallin1989.Theauthornotesthatthiseventsymbolized______.A.thecollapseoftheSovietUnion’sglobalinfluenceB.thereunificationofGermanyunderWesternleadershipC.theendoftheColdWarandideologicaldivisionD.theriseofeconomicreformsinEasternEurope【答案】C【解析】本题考查冷战历史事件。柏林墙的倒塌标志东西德分裂结束，冷战两大阵营对峙局面瓦解，符合C项。A项苏联解体是后续事件，B项德国统一是墙倒塌的结果，D项经济改革是墙倒塌前的政策，均与题干不符。该题需结合历史单元中“冷战格局”的知识。10.Apassageinsociologydiscusseshowsocialmediaplatformscaninfluencepublicopinion.Theauthorsuggeststhatthespreadofmisinformationontheseplatformsmayleadto______.A.increasedpoliticalpolarizationamongeducatedcitizensB.greatertransparencyincorporatecommunicationsC.reducedtrustintraditionalmediaoutletsD.enhancedcross-culturalunderstandingamongyouth【答案】A【解析】本题考查媒体与社会影响。虚假信息传播会加剧群体认知分化，导致政治观点对立，符合A项。B项企业传播透明度与社交媒体关系不大，C项传统媒体信任度下降是长期趋势，D项跨文化理解需正面信息支持